ScalingStacks

2.1. The projective space [01J6]

Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.

Complete original source context · Original author HTML

2.1. The projective space

Let X\mathrm{X} be the projective space PKn\mathrm{P}^{n}_{K} and let 𝒪⁡(1)\mathscr{O}(1) be the tautological line bundle on X\mathrm{X}, together with its Weil metric. Let us describe the associated measure, taking the opportunity to add details concerning Berkovich spaces.

As we remarked above, the Weil metric is induced by the tautological line bundle on the projective scheme 𝔛=𝐏K∘n\mathfrak{X}=\mathbf{P}^{n}_{K^{\circ}} and is smooth. The special fiber of 𝔛\mathfrak{X} is the projective space 𝐏K~n\mathbf{P}^{n}_{\tilde{K}} over the residue field of K∘K^{\circ} ; it is in particular irreducible. Moreover, the degree of the tautological line bundle is equal to 11. The measure c1​(𝒪⁡(1)¯)nc_{1}(\overline{\mathscr{O}(1)})^{n} is therefore equal to the Dirac mass at the unique point of X\mathrm{X} which reduces to the generic point of the special fiber. It remains to describe this point more precisely.

The scheme 𝐏K∘n\mathbf{P}^{n}_{K^{\circ}} is the union of (n+1)(n+1) affine open subsets 𝔘0,…,𝔘n\mathfrak{U}_{0},\dots,\mathfrak{U}_{n} defined by the non-vanishing of the homogeneous coordinates x0,…,xnx_{0},\dots,x_{n}. Their generic fibers in the sense of analytic geometry are n+1n+1 affinoid subsets U0,…,Un\mathrm{U}_{0},\dots,\mathrm{U}_{n}, which cover PKn\mathrm{P}^{n}_{K}. In fact, Ui\mathrm{U}_{i} corresponds to the set of points [x0:…:xn][x_{0}:\dots:x_{n}] of PKn\mathrm{P}^{n}_{K} such that |xi|=max⁡(|x0|,…,|xn|)\left|{x_{i}}\right|=\max(\left|{x_{0}}\right|,\dots,\left|{x_{n}}\right|).

To fix ideas, let us consider i=0i=0. Then, 𝔘0=Spec⁡(K∘​[T1,…,Tn])\mathfrak{U}_{0}=\operatorname{Spec}(K^{\circ}[T_{1},\dots,T_{n}]) is the affine space ove K∘K^{\circ} with coordinates Tj=xj/x0T_{j}=x_{j}/x_{0}. The natural KK-adic topology on the algebra K∘​[T1,…,Tn]K^{\circ}[T_{1},\dots,T_{n}], and on its tensor product with KK, K⁡[T1,…,Tn]K[T_{1},\dots,T_{n}], is given by the Gauß norm

‖f‖=max𝐚∈𝐍n⁡|f𝐚|,f=∑f𝐚​T1a1​…​Tnan.\left\|{f}\right\|=\max_{\mathbf{a}\in{\mathbf{N}}^{n}}\left|{f_{\mathbf{a}}}\right|,\qquad f=\sum f_{\mathbf{a}}T_{1}^{a_{1}}\dots T_{n}^{a_{n}}.

The completion of K⁡[T1,…,Tn]K[T_{1},\dots,T_{n}] for this norm is the Tate algebra K⁡⟨T1,…,Tn⟩K\langle T_{1},\dots,T_{n}\rangle consisting of all power series f=∑f𝐚​T1a1​…​Tnanf=\sum f_{\mathbf{a}}T_{1}^{a_{1}}\dots T_{n}^{a_{n}} with coefficients in KK such that |f𝐚|→0\left|{f_{\mathbf{a}}}\right|\rightarrow 0 when |𝐚|=a1+⋯+an→∞\left|{\mathbf{a}}\right|=a_{1}+\dots+a_{n}\rightarrow\infty ; it is endowed with the natural extension of the Gauß norm, and is complete. By definition, the generic fiber U0\mathrm{U}_{0} of 𝔘0\mathfrak{U}_{0} in the sense of analytic geometry is the Berkovich spectrum of the Tate algebra, that is the set of all multiplicative semi-norms on it which are continuous with respect to the topology defined by the Gauß norm. Since the theorem of Gauß asserts that this norm is multiplicative, it defines a point γ∈U0\gamma\in\mathrm{U}_{0}, which we like to call the Gauß point.

The reduction map U0→𝔘0⊗K~\mathrm{U}_{0}\rightarrow\mathfrak{U}_{0}\otimes{\tilde{K}} is defined as follows. Let x∈U0x\in\mathrm{U}_{0}, let 𝔭x⊂K⁡⟨T1,…,Td⟩\mathfrak{p}_{x}\subset K\langle T_{1},\dots,T_{d}\rangle be the kernel of the semi-norm xx, which is also the kernel of the canonical morphism θx:K⁡⟨T1,…,Td⟩→ℋ⁡(x)\theta_{x}\colon K\langle T_{1},\dots,T_{d}\rangle\rightarrow\mathscr{H}(x). The images Tj​(x)T_{j}(x) of the indeterminates TjT_{j} are elements of absolute value ≤1\leq 1 of the complete ultrametric field ℋ⁡(x)\mathscr{H}(x) ; they belong to its valuation ring ℋ​(x)∘\mathscr{H}(x)^{\circ}. Letting ℋ⁡(x)~\widetilde{\mathscr{H}(x)} to be the residue field, there exists a unique morphism θx¯:K~​[T1,…,Td]→ℋ⁡(x)~\theta_{\overline{x}}\colon{\tilde{K}}[T_{1},\dots,T_{d}]\rightarrow\widetilde{\mathscr{H}(x)} such that θx¯​(Ti)\theta_{\overline{x}}(T_{i}) is the image in ℋ⁡(x)~\widetilde{\mathscr{H}(x)} of Ti​(x)T_{i}(x). The kernel of this morphism is a prime ideal of the ring K~​[T1,…,Td]{\tilde{K}}[T_{1},\dots,T_{d}] and defines a point x¯\overline{x} in the scheme 𝔘0⊗K~\mathfrak{U}_{0}\otimes{\tilde{K}}.

Let us now compute the reduction of the Gauß point γ\gamma. By definition, the field ℋ⁡(γ)\mathscr{H}(\gamma) is the completion of the Tate algebra K⁡⟨T1,…,Td⟩K\langle T_{1},\dots,T_{d}\rangle for the Gauß norm. I claim that morphism θγ¯\theta_{\overline{\gamma}} is injective, in other words, that the images of T1​(γ),…,Td​(γ)T_{1}(\gamma),\dots,T_{d}(\gamma) in the residue field ℋ⁡(γ)~\widetilde{\mathscr{H}(\gamma)} are algebraically independent. Let P∈K∘​[T1,…,Td]P\in K^{\circ}[T_{1},\dots,T_{d}] be any polynomial whose reduction P¯\overline{P} belongs to the kernel of θγ¯\theta_{\overline{\gamma}} ; this means |P|γ<1\left|{P}\right|_{\gamma}<1 ; in other words, the Gauß norm of PP is <1<1 and each coefficient of PP has absolute value <1<1. Consequently, P¯=0\overline{P}=0 and θγ¯\theta_{\overline{\gamma}} is injective, as claimed. This shows that γ¯\overline{\gamma} is the generic point of the scheme 𝔘0⊗K~\mathfrak{U}_{0}\otimes{\tilde{K}}.

We thus have proved the following proposition.

Proposition 2.1.1.

The measure c1​(𝒪⁡(1)¯W)nc_{1}(\overline{\mathscr{O}(1)}_{\mathrm{W}})^{n} on PKn\mathrm{P}^{n}_{K} is the Dirac measure at the Gauß point γ\gamma.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.