ScalingStacks

Example 6.18 . [04KR]

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Example 6.18.

In ℝ3\mathbb{R}^{3} consider the 3-valent graph

Δ={(0,0,−t),t≥0}∪{(0,−t,0),t≥0}∪{(0,t,t),t≥0}\Delta=\{(0,0,-t),\ t\geq 0\}\cup\{(0,-t,0),\ t\geq 0\}\cup\{(0,t,t),\ t\geq 0\}

and let DD be a tubular neighborhood of Δ\Delta. Take U=ℝ3−DU=\mathbb{R}^{3}-D and assume we have a stitched Lagrangian fibration f:X→ℝ3f:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{3} such that U=f⁡(X)U=f(X) and the seam is Z=f−1({b1=0}∩U)Z=f^{-1}(\{b_{1}=0\}\cap U). Again we let U+=U∩{b1≥0}U^{+}=U\cap\{b_{1}\geq 0\}, U−=U∩{b1≤0}U^{-}=U\cap\{b_{1}\leq 0\} and Γ=U+∩U−\Gamma=U^{+}\cap U^{-}. Also let X±=f−1​(U±)X^{\pm}=f^{-1}(U^{\pm}). This time Γ\Gamma (hence ZZ) has three connected components

Γc\displaystyle\Gamma_{c} =\displaystyle= {(0,t,s),t,s<0}∩U,\displaystyle\{(0,t,s),\ t,s<0\}\cap U,
Γd\displaystyle\Gamma_{d} =\displaystyle= {(0,t,s),t>0,s<t}∩U,\displaystyle\{(0,t,s),\ t>0,s<t\}\cap U,
Γe\displaystyle\Gamma_{e} =\displaystyle= {(0,t,s),s>0,t<s}∩U.\displaystyle\{(0,t,s),\ s>0,t<s\}\cap U.

Also denote by ZcZ_{c}, ZdZ_{d} and ZeZ_{e} the corresponding connected components of ZZ and by Z¯c\bar{Z}_{c}, Z¯d\bar{Z}_{d} and Z¯e\bar{Z}_{e} their S1S^{1} quotients.

Fix b∈Γcb\in\Gamma_{c} and suppose that there is a basis {γ1,γ2,γ3}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\gamma_{3}\} of H1​(Fb,ℤ)H_{1}(F_{b},\mathbb{Z}) and generators g1,g2,g3g_{1},g_{2},g_{3} of π1​(U,b)\pi_{1}(U,b), satisfying g1​g2​g3=1g_{1}g_{2}g_{3}=1, with respect to which the monodromy transformations are

ℳb​(g1)=T1=(1−m10010001),ℳb​(g2)=T2=(10−m2010001)\mathcal{M}_{b}(g_{1})=T_{1}=\left(\begin{array}[]{ccc}1&-m_{1}&0\\ 0&1&0\\ 0&0&1\end{array}\right),\ \ \ \mathcal{M}_{b}(g_{2})=T_{2}=\left(\begin{array}[]{ccc}1&0&-m_{2}\\ 0&1&0\\ 0&0&1\end{array}\right) (58)

and ℳb​(g3)=T3=T2−1​T1−1\mathcal{M}_{b}(g_{3})=T_{3}=T_{2}^{-1}T_{1}^{-1}, for non zero integers m1m_{1} and m2m_{2}. We have that γ1\gamma_{1} is represented by the orbits of the S1S^{1} action, since it is the only monodromy invariant cycle. Now, since U−(Γd∪Γe)U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e}) is contractible, {γ1,γ2,γ3}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\gamma_{3}\} is a basis of H1​(f−1​(U−(Γd∪Γe)),ℤ)H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e})),\mathbb{Z}). Consider the diagrams:

H1​(X+,ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(X^{+},\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}H1​(f−1​(U−(Γd∪Γe)),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e})),\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}j+\scriptstyle{j_{+}}H1​(f−1​(U−(Γc∪Γd)),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{c}\cup\Gamma_{d})),\mathbb{Z})}

or

H1​(f−1​(U−(Γd∪Γe)),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e})),\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}j−\scriptstyle{j_{-}}H1​(f−1​(U−(Γc∪Γd)),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{c}\cup\Gamma_{d})),\mathbb{Z})}H1​(X−,ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(X^{-},\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}

induced by inclusions and restrictions. The map j+j_{+} identifies {γ1,γ2,γ3}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\gamma_{3}\} with a basis of H1​(f−1​(U−(Γc∪Γd)),ℤ)H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{c}\cup\Gamma_{d})),\mathbb{Z}), which we call {γ1,γ2+,γ3+}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{+},\gamma_{3}^{+}\}, while j−j_{-} identifies it with another basis, which we call {γ1,γ2−,γ3−}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{-},\gamma_{3}^{-}\}. Notice that the monodromy map ℳb​(g2)=j+−1∘j−\mathcal{M}_{b}(g_{2})=j_{+}^{-1}\circ j_{-}. We must have

{γ2+=γ2−,γ3+=m2​γ1+γ3−.\begin{cases}\gamma_{2}^{+}=\gamma_{2}^{-},\\ \gamma_{3}^{+}=m_{2}\gamma_{1}+\gamma_{3}^{-}.\end{cases} (59)

Applying Proposition 6.5 to ff restricted to f−1​(U−(Γc∪Γd))f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{c}\cup\Gamma_{d})), we can consider the action coordinates map α\alpha on U−(Γc∪Γd)U-(\Gamma_{c}\cup\Gamma_{d}) computed with respect to {γ1,γ2+,γ3+}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{+},\gamma_{3}^{+}\} on U+U^{+} and with respect to {γ1,γ2−,γ3−}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{-},\gamma_{3}^{-}\} on U−U^{-}. Let us denote these coordinates by (b1e,b2e,b3e)(b_{1}^{e},b_{2}^{e},b_{3}^{e}). Similarly we can consider action coordinates on U−(Γd∪Γe)U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e}) with respect to the basis {γ1,γ2,γ3}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\gamma_{3}\} of H1​(f−1​(U−(Γd∪Γe)),ℤ)H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-(\Gamma_{d}\cup\Gamma_{e})),\mathbb{Z}). We denote them by (b1c,b2c,b3c)(b_{1}^{c},b_{2}^{c},b_{3}^{c}). We have the identifications

Z¯e=T∗​Γe/⟨d​b2e,d​b3e⟩ℤ\bar{Z}_{e}=T^{\ast}\Gamma_{e}\,/\,\langle db_{2}^{e},db_{3}^{e}\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}

and

Z¯c=T∗​Γc/⟨d​b2c,d​b3c⟩ℤ.\bar{Z}_{c}=T^{\ast}\Gamma_{c}\,/\,\langle db_{2}^{c},db_{3}^{c}\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}.

With respect to these coordinates we can compute the first order invariants ℓ1e\ell_{1}^{e} and ℓ1c\ell_{1}^{c} on Z¯e\bar{Z}_{e} and Z¯c\bar{Z}_{c} respectively. From Proposition 6.5 and identities (59) applied to ℓ1c\ell_{1}^{c} and ℓ1e\ell_{1}^{e} we obtain

∫[d​b2c]ℓ1c=∫[d​b3c]ℓ1c=0\int_{[db_{2}^{c}]}\ell_{1}^{c}=\int_{[db_{3}^{c}]}\ell_{1}^{c}=0

and

∫[d​b2e]ℓ1e=0and∫[d​b3e]ℓ1e=m2.\int_{[db_{2}^{e}]}\ell_{1}^{e}=0\ \ \text{and}\ \ \int_{[db_{3}^{e}]}\ell_{1}^{e}=m_{2}.

Similarly we construct the first order invariant ℓ1d\ell_{1}^{d} on Z¯d\bar{Z}_{d}. It will satisfy

∫[d​b2d]ℓ1d=m1and∫[d​b3d]ℓ1d=0.\int_{[db_{2}^{d}]}\ell_{1}^{d}=m_{1}\ \ \text{and}\ \ \int_{[db_{3}^{d}]}\ell_{1}^{d}=0.

Again, monodromy is understood in terms of the difference in the cohomology class of the first order invariant. Example 5.5 is a special case of this situation, where m1=m2=1m_{1}=m_{2}=1.

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