ScalingStacks

Proof. [045E]

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Proof.

(Sketch) Consider s1=s2=0s_{1}=s_{2}=0. The leading order asymptote of IΓ,fI_{\Gamma,f} is obtained by replacing ff with the constant f⁡(0)f(0) and replacing Γ\Gamma with ℝs1,s22\mathbb{R}^{2}_{s_{1},s_{2}}. At s=∑ti​n→i∈ℝ5s=\sum t_{i}\vec{n}_{i}\in\mathbb{R}^{5},

∫ℝ2−18​π2​|s−s′|3f(0)ds1′ds2′=−f⁡(0)4​π​R.\int_{\mathbb{R}^{2}}-\frac{1}{8\pi^{2}|s-s^{\prime}|^{3}}f(0)ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}=-\frac{f(0)}{4\pi R}.

We then need to estimate the deviation of IΓ,fI_{\Gamma,f} from this leading asymptote. After writing the surface integral as an integral over s1,s2s_{1},s_{2} plane, we reduce to the flat graph case f3=f4=f5=0f_{3}=f_{4}=f_{5}=0. Writing

f⁡(s′)=f⁡(0)+∑i=12∂f∂si′​(0)​si′+O⁡(|s′|2),f(s^{\prime})=f(0)+\sum_{i=1}^{2}\frac{\partial f}{\partial s_{i}^{\prime}}(0)s_{i}^{\prime}+O(|s^{\prime}|^{2}),

we observe that the linear term does not contribute to IΓ,f​(s)I_{\Gamma,f}(s) by parity, and the O⁡(|s′|2)O(|s^{\prime}|^{2}) contribution is bounded by

C​∫|s′|2|s−s′|3​d​s1′​d​s2′≤C​∫r2(r2+R2)3/2​r​𝑑r≤C.C\int\frac{|s^{\prime}|^{2}}{|s-s^{\prime}|^{3}}ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}\leq C\int\frac{r^{2}}{(r^{2}+R^{2})^{3/2}}rdr\leq C.

We now consider the normal first derivative ∂IΓ,f∂ti\frac{\partial I_{\Gamma,f}}{\partial t_{i}} for s1=s2=0s_{1}=s_{2}=0 assuming without loss of generality that d​fi​(0)=0df_{i}(0)=0. After using the Taylor expansion and parity trick above, modulo bounded terms

∂IΓ,f∂ti∼f⁡(0)​3​ti8​π2​∫1(s1′2+s2′2+∑j(tj−fj)2)5/2​d​s1′​d​s2′∼f⁡(0)​3​ti8​π2​∫1(s1′2+s2′2+R2)5/2​(1+2​∑tj​fjs1′2+s2′2+R2)​d​s1′​d​s2′∼f⁡(0)​ti4​π​R3​(1+15​∑jtj​(∂2fi∂s1′2+∂2fi∂s2′2))=f⁡(0)​ti4​π​R3​(1+15​(∑jtj​n→j)⋅H→),\begin{split}\frac{\partial I_{\Gamma,f}}{\partial t_{i}}\sim&f(0)\frac{3t_{i}}{8\pi^{2}}\int\frac{1}{(s_{1}^{\prime 2}+s_{2}^{\prime 2}+\sum_{j}(t_{j}-f_{j})^{2})^{5/2}}ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}\\ \sim&f(0)\frac{3t_{i}}{8\pi^{2}}\int\frac{1}{(s_{1}^{\prime 2}+s_{2}^{\prime 2}+R^{2})^{5/2}}(1+\frac{2\sum t_{j}f_{j}}{s_{1}^{\prime 2}+s_{2}^{\prime 2}+R^{2}})ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}\\ \sim&f(0)\frac{t_{i}}{4\pi R^{3}}(1+\frac{1}{5}\sum_{j}t_{j}(\frac{\partial^{2}f_{i}}{\partial s_{1}^{\prime 2}}+\frac{\partial^{2}f_{i}}{\partial s_{2}^{\prime 2}}))\\ =&f(0)\frac{t_{i}}{4\pi R^{3}}(1+\frac{1}{5}(\sum_{j}t_{j}\vec{n}_{j})\cdot\vec{H}),\end{split}

where H→\vec{H} is the mean curvature of Γ\Gamma at the origin.

In the same setup, the tangential first derivative ∂IΓ,f∂si\frac{\partial I_{\Gamma,f}}{\partial s_{i}} is modulo bounded terms

∂IΓ,f∂si∼∫f​∂∂si′​18​π2​|s−s′|3​d​s1′​d​s2′∼∫−18​π2​|s−s′|3​∂f∂si′​d​s1′​d​s2′∼−14​π​R​∂f∂si′​(0).\begin{split}\frac{\partial I_{\Gamma,f}}{\partial s_{i}}\sim&\int f\frac{\partial}{\partial s_{i}^{\prime}}\frac{1}{8\pi^{2}|s-s^{\prime}|^{3}}ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}\\ \sim&\int\frac{-1}{8\pi^{2}|s-s^{\prime}|^{3}}\frac{\partial f}{\partial s_{i}^{\prime}}ds_{1}^{\prime}ds_{2}^{\prime}\sim-\frac{1}{4\pi R}\frac{\partial f}{\partial s_{i}^{\prime}}(0).\end{split}

The argument for second derivatives are similar. ∎

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