ScalingStacks

Proof. [03ZJ]

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Proof.

We denote μ→=(μ1,μ2,η)\vec{\mu}=(\mu_{1},\mu_{2},\eta) and |μ→|a=ai​j​μi​μj+A​|η|2|\vec{\mu}|_{a}=\sqrt{a_{ij}\mu_{i}\mu_{j}+A|\eta|^{2}}. The Green representation

−14​π2​∫0∞1|μ→−(0,s,0)|a2​𝑑s=−14​π2​∫0∞1a11​μ12−2​a12​μ1​(s−μ2)+a22​(s−μ2)2+A​|η|2​𝑑s=−14​π2​∫−μ2∞1a11​μ12−2​a12​μ1​s+a22​s2+A​|η|2​𝑑s=−14​π​1A​1μ12+a22​|η|2​{12+1π​arctan⁡(a22​μ2+a12​μ1A​μ12+a22​|η|2)}=−12​π​A​α1\begin{split}&\frac{-1}{4\pi^{2}}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{|\vec{\mu}-(0,s,0)|_{a}^{2}}ds\\ =&\frac{-1}{4\pi^{2}}\int_{0}^{\infty}\frac{1}{a_{11}\mu_{1}^{2}-2a_{12}\mu_{1}(s-\mu_{2})+a_{22}(s-\mu_{2})^{2}+A|\eta|^{2}}ds\\ =&\frac{-1}{4\pi^{2}}\int_{-\mu_{2}}^{\infty}\frac{1}{a_{11}\mu_{1}^{2}-2a_{12}\mu_{1}s+a_{22}s^{2}+A|\eta|^{2}}ds\\ =&\frac{-1}{4\pi}\frac{1}{\sqrt{A}}\frac{1}{\sqrt{\mu_{1}^{2}+a_{22}|\eta|^{2}}}\{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{\pi}\arctan(\frac{a_{22}\mu_{2}+a_{12}\mu_{1}}{\sqrt{A}\sqrt{\mu_{1}^{2}+a_{22}|\eta|^{2}}})\}\\ =&\frac{-1}{2\pi\sqrt{A}}\alpha_{1}\end{split}

shows the equality of the two measures

(Δaα1)dVola=−2πA∫𝔇1dμ2,(\Delta_{a}\alpha_{1})d\text{Vol}_{a}=-2\pi\sqrt{A}\int_{\mathfrak{D}_{1}}d\mu_{2},

and it is easy to check from this integral calculation

∂α1∂μ2=A2​π​|μ→|a2.\frac{\partial\alpha_{1}}{\partial\mu_{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{A}}{2\pi|\vec{\mu}|_{a}^{2}}.

To see the singularity structure near 𝔇1={μ1=0,η=0,μ2>0}\mathfrak{D}_{1}=\{\mu_{1}=0,\eta=0,\mu_{2}>0\} explicitly, we can write

α1=12​μ12+a22​|η|2​{1−1π​arctan⁡(A​μ12+a22​|η|2a22​μ2+a12​μ1)},\alpha_{1}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\mu_{1}^{2}+a_{22}|\eta|^{2}}}\{1-\frac{1}{\pi}\arctan(\frac{\sqrt{A}\sqrt{\mu_{1}^{2}+a_{22}|\eta|^{2}}}{a_{22}\mu_{2}+a_{12}\mu_{1}})\},

and Taylor expand the arctan function.

The situations of α2,α3\alpha_{2},\alpha_{3} are similar. A fast way to derive them by analogy is to remember that ∂∂μ2,∂∂μ1,−∂∂μ1−∂∂μ2\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{2}},\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{1}},-\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{1}}-\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{2}} are the directional vectors along 𝔇1,𝔇2,𝔇3\mathfrak{D}_{1},\mathfrak{D}_{2},\mathfrak{D}_{3}, and notice

ι∂∂μ2​ga=d⁡(a12​μ1+a22​μ2),ga​(∂∂μ2,∂∂μ2)=a22.\iota_{\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{2}}}g_{a}=d(a_{12}\mu_{1}+a_{22}\mu_{2}),\quad g_{a}(\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{2}},\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu_{2}})=a_{22}.

∎

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