ScalingStacks

2.1. Models and log pullbacks [04UK]

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2.1. Models and log pullbacks

(2.1.1) Let kk be a field of characteristic zero. We set R=k⁡[[t]]R=k[\negthinspace[t]\negthinspace] and K=k⁡((t))K=k(\negthinspace(t)\negthinspace), and we fix a tt-adic absolute value |⋅|K|\cdot|_{K} on KK by setting |t|K=1/e|t|_{K}=1/e. For every KK-scheme of finite type YY, we denote by YanY^{\mathrm{an}} the associated KK-analytic space. For every separated RR-scheme of finite type 𝒴\mathscr{Y} we set 𝒴k=𝒴×Rk\mathscr{Y}_{k}=\mathscr{Y}\times_{R}k and 𝒴K=𝒴×RK\mathscr{Y}_{K}=\mathscr{Y}\times_{R}K. Moreover, we will denote by 𝒴^\widehat{\mathscr{Y}} the tt-adic completion of 𝒴\mathscr{Y}, by 𝒴^η\widehat{\mathscr{Y}}_{\eta} the generic fiber of 𝒴^\widehat{\mathscr{Y}} in the category of KK-analytic spaces and by

red𝒴:𝒴^η→𝒴k\mathrm{red}_{\mathscr{Y}}:\widehat{\mathscr{Y}}_{\eta}\to\mathscr{Y}_{k}

the canonical reduction map. The generic fiber 𝒴^η\widehat{\mathscr{Y}}_{\eta} is an analytic domain in 𝒴Kan\mathscr{Y}_{K}^{\mathrm{an}}, and it is equal to 𝒴Kan\mathscr{Y}_{K}^{\mathrm{an}} if and only if 𝒴\mathscr{Y} is proper over RR.

(2.1.2) Let 𝒞\mathscr{C} be a connected smooth algebraic curve over kk. Let ss be a kk-rational point on 𝒞\mathscr{C} and set C=𝒞∖{s}C=\mathscr{C}\setminus\{s\}. We fix a uniformizer tt in 𝒪𝒞,s\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{C},s}. This choice determines an isomorphism of kk-algebras R→𝒪^𝒞,sR\to\widehat{\mathcal{O}}_{\mathscr{C},s} and thus a morphism of kk-schemes Spec​R→𝒞\mathrm{Spec}\,R\to\mathscr{C}.

(2.1.3) Let XX be a smooth and proper scheme over CC with geometrically connected fibers. A model of XX over 𝒞\mathscr{C} is a flat separated 𝒞\mathscr{C}-scheme of finite type 𝒳\mathscr{X} endowed with an isomorphism of CC-schemes 𝒳×𝒞C→X\mathscr{X}\times_{\mathscr{C}}C\to X. Note that we do not require 𝒳\mathscr{X} to be proper over 𝒞\mathscr{C}. Morphisms of models are defined in the usual way. We denote by 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s} the fiber of 𝒳\mathscr{X} over ss, by 𝒳R\mathscr{X}_{R} the base change of 𝒳\mathscr{X} to Spec​R\mathrm{Spec}\,R and by XKX_{K} the base change of XX to Spec​K\mathrm{Spec}\,K. We denote by KXK_{X} a relative canonical divisor for XX over CC, and for every normal model 𝒳\mathscr{X} of XX, we denote by K𝒳K_{\mathscr{X}} a relative canonical divisor for 𝒳\mathscr{X} over 𝒞\mathscr{C}.

(2.1.4) For every 𝒞\mathscr{C}-model 𝒳\mathscr{X} of XX, we denote by 𝒳snc\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}} the subset of 𝒳\mathscr{X} consisting of the points where 𝒳\mathscr{X} is regular and 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s} is a divisor with strict normal crossings (some authors use the terminology “simple normal crossings” instead). Thus 𝒳snc\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}} is the union of XX with the set of points xx of 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s} such that 𝒪𝒳,x\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X},x} is regular and there exist a unit uu and a regular system of local parameters (z1,…,zn)(z_{1},\ldots,z_{n}) in 𝒪𝒳,x\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X},x} and non-negative integers N1,…,NnN_{1},\ldots,N_{n} such that

t=u​∏i=1n(zi)Ni.t=u\prod_{i=1}^{n}(z_{i})^{N_{i}}.

The subset 𝒳snc\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}} is an open subscheme of 𝒳\mathscr{X} and it is again a 𝒞\mathscr{C}-model of XX. Moreover, if 𝒳\mathscr{X} is normal, then 𝒳ssnc\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}_{s} is dense in 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s}. We say that 𝒳\mathscr{X} is an s​n​csnc-model of XX if 𝒳=𝒳snc\mathscr{X}=\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}, that is, if 𝒳\mathscr{X} is regular and 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s} is a divisor with strict normal crossings. If 𝒳\mathscr{X} is a model of XX over 𝒞\mathscr{C}, then a log resolution of (𝒳,𝒳s)(\mathscr{X},\mathscr{X}_{s}) is a proper morphism of 𝒞\mathscr{C}-models h:𝒴→𝒳h:\mathscr{Y}\to\mathscr{X} such that 𝒴\mathscr{Y} is an s​n​csnc-model of XX.

(2.1.5) Let h:𝒴→𝒳h:\mathscr{Y}\to\mathscr{X} be a proper morphism of normal 𝒞\mathscr{C}-models of XX. Assume that K𝒳+(𝒳s)redK_{\mathscr{X}}+(\mathscr{X}_{s})_{\mathrm{red}} is ℚ\mathbb{Q}-Cartier. Then the log pullback of (𝒳s)red(\mathscr{X}_{s})_{\mathrm{red}} to 𝒴\mathscr{Y} is the unique ℚ\mathbb{Q}-Weil divisor Δ\Delta on 𝒴\mathscr{Y} such that K𝒴+ΔK_{\mathscr{Y}}+\Delta is ℚ\mathbb{Q}-linearly equivalent to

f∗​(K𝒳+(𝒳s)red)f^{*}(K_{\mathscr{X}}+(\mathscr{X}_{s})_{\mathrm{red}})

and f∗​Δ=(𝒳s)redf_{*}\Delta=(\mathscr{X}_{s})_{\mathrm{red}}.

(2.1.6) We will use the following notations from [MN13]. If 𝒳\mathscr{X} is a normal model of XX over 𝒞\mathscr{C}, xx is a point of 𝒳^η\widehat{\mathscr{X}}_{\eta} and DD is a divisor on 𝒳\mathscr{X} that is supported on 𝒳s\mathscr{X}_{s} and Cartier at red𝒳​(x)\mathrm{red}_{\mathscr{X}}(x), then we set

vx​(D)=−ln⁡|f⁡(x)|v_{x}(D)=-\ln|f(x)|

where ff is any element of the local ring of 𝒳\mathscr{X} at red𝒳​(x)\mathrm{red}_{\mathscr{X}}(x) such that D=div⁡(f)D=\mathrm{div}(f) locally at red𝒳​(x)\mathrm{red}_{\mathscr{X}}(x). It is clear that vx​(D)v_{x}(D) is linear in DD. If 𝒳\mathscr{X} is regular and ω\omega is a non-zero rational section of ω𝒳R/R⊗m\omega_{\mathscr{X}_{R}/R}^{\otimes m}, for some m>0m>0 (for instance, an mm-pluricanonical form on XKX_{K}) then we denote by div𝒳​(ω)\mathrm{div}_{\mathscr{X}}(\omega) the corresponding divisor on 𝒳R\mathscr{X}_{R}.

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