7. General θ -psh functions and semipositive singular metrics [01GJ]
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7. General -psh functions and semipositive singular metrics
We are now ready to introduce the class of general -psh functions and their cousins: semipositive singular metrics. The equicontinuity result in Corollary 6.2 will be used to show Theorem A, asserting that the space of -psh functions is compact up to translation.
Throughout this section we let be as before a smooth connected projective -analytic variety and fix a closed -form whose de Rham class is ample. As before we write “psh” as a shorthand for “plurisubharmonic”. Similarly, “usc” will mean “upper semicontinuous”.
Definition 7.1.
Let be as above. A -psh function is an usc function such that for each SNC model of on which is determined we have
- (i)
on ;
- (ii)
the restriction of to is a uniform limit of restrictions of -psh model functions.
We write for the set of -psh functions on .
We say that is quasi-psh if is -psh for some as above. Thanks to Theorem 5.11, the previous definition is consistent with Definition 5.5 when is a model function.
Remark 7.2.
A function on a compact (complex) Kähler manifold is quasi-psh if it is locally the sum of a psh function and a smooth function. Given a closed -form , an -psh function is a quasi-psh function such that in the sense of currents. When the de Rham class is a Kähler class, we have a global characterization: -psh functions are decreasing limits of sequences of smooth -psh functions, see [Dem92, Theorem 1.1]. In our current non-Archimedean setting, a local theory of psh functions is still to be developed. For this reason, we work globally and assume that is ample.
Recall the definitions from §4 of singular and model metrics on line bundles.
Definition 7.3.
Let be an ample line bundle on . A singular metric on is semipositive if it is of the form , where denotes a model metric and is -psh.
One checks that this definition does not depend on the choice of reference metric . Below we shall state various properties of -psh functions. We leave it to the reader to formulate analogous assertions about semipositive singular metrics on ample line bundles.
7.1. Basic properties
Proposition 7.4.
The set is convex. If is -psh and , then is -psh. If is furthermore semipositive, then is -psh when .
Proposition 7.5.
If and is an SNC model on which is determined, then:
- (i)
is continuous on and convex on each face;
- (ii)
is continuous on and .
The next result shows how to reconstruct a -psh function from its values on quasimonomial points.
Proposition 7.6.
Let . Then, as runs through the directed set of SNC models on which is determined, forms a decreasing net of continuous functions on , converging pointwise to .
7.2. Equicontinuity
The Lipschitz estimates in Theorem 6.1 carry over to general -psh functions. As a consequence we have
Corollary 7.7.
For any SNC model on which is determined, the family
is an equicontinuous family of functions on .
7.3. Compactness
We endow the set of all -psh functions with the topology of uniform convergence on dual complexes. A basis of open neighborhoods of a fixed -psh function is then given by where ranges over SNC models on which is determined and where . Thanks to Proposition 7.6, the natural map
is then a homeomorphism onto its image. Note also that is dense in by definition. The following result implies Theorem A.
Theorem 7.8.
The map defined by is continuous and proper. Hence is compact. Furthermore, the topology on is equivalent to the topology of pointwise convergence on either or .
Proof.
If is an SNC model on which is determined, then it follows from Proposition 7.6 (ii) that the supremum of any is attained on . This implies the continuity of .
To prove properness, recall that embeds in . By Tychonoff’s theorem, the compactness of
is therefore equivalent to the compactness in of the closure of the image of in , for each SNC model on which is determined. But this is a direct consequence of Corollary 7.7 and Ascoli’s theorem.
For the last statement, it is clear that convergence in implies pointwise convergence on which in turn implies pointwise convergence on . Now let be a net of -psh functions converging pointwise to on . Fix any SNC model on which is determined. We must show that converges uniformly to on . But is the image under of the rational points in by Corollary 3.13, and is therefore dense in . The uniform convergence on therefore follows from the equicontinuity statement in Corollary 7.7. ∎
7.4. Upper envelopes
As a consequence of compactness we shall prove the following result, whose complex analogue serves as a basic ingredient of pluripotential theory. While we will not go deeper into pluripotential theory here, we will use the result below in §8.
Theorem 7.9.
Let be an arbitrary set of -psh functions on and assume that is uniformly bounded from above. If we set for each , then the usc regularization of is -psh and coincides with on .
Recall that the usc regularization of a function on a topological space is the smallest usc function .
Lemma 7.10.
Let be a function such that for each SNC model we have
- (i)
is continuous on .
- (ii)
.
Then , hence for all .
Proof.
Condition (i) implies that is continuous for all , so that is usc. It follows that , since by (ii). Conversely, for each we have , hence
which shows that . Finally, (ii) shows that , hence , which is equivalent to the last assertion. ∎
Proof of Theorem 7.9.
Upon considering the new family with ranging over all finite subsets of , we may assume that is a directed set and is an increasing net. For each SNC model we have for all , hence . By Corollary 7.7 converges uniformly to , which is therefore continuous. Using Lemma 7.10 we conclude that is usc, satisfies , and is a uniform limit of restrictions to of -psh functions, hence is -psh. ∎