2.3. Model functions [01E4]
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2.3. Model functions
Let be a model of . Each vertical fractional ideal sheaf on defines a continuous function by setting
| (2.1) |
In particular, each vertical Cartier divisor defines a vertical fractional ideal sheaf , hence a continuous function
Note that is the constant function since . Since models are assumed to be normal, a vertical divisor is uniquely determined by the values at divisorial points , and we have in particular iff is effective. The map extends by linearity to .
Following [Yua08] we introduce the following terminology.
Definition 2.1.
We shall also occasionally consider the similarly defined spaces and .
As a matter of terminology, we say that a model is a determination of a model function if for some . By the above remarks we have a natural isomorphism
The next result summarizes the key properties of model functions. Since our setting does not require any machinery from rigid geometry we provide direct arguments for the convenience of the reader.
Proposition 2.2.
For each model , the subgroup of spanned with ranging over all vertical (fractional) ideal sheaves of coincides with . It is furthermore stable under max and separates points of .
Proof.
If is a vertical fractional ideal sheaf on a given model then is a vertical ideal sheaf for some and we have , so it is enough to consider vertical ideal sheaves.
Observe first that belongs to . Indeed if denotes the normalization of the blow-up of along , then the Cartier divisor on such that satisfies . Conversely, let , and let us show that can be written as
with vertical ideal sheaves on . By definition is determined by for some vertical blow-up . By LemmaΒ 1.4 we may choose a -ample vertical Cartier divisor . Both sheaves and are then -globally generated for . If we introduce the vertical fractional ideal sheaves and then the -global generation property yields and . It follows that and , and hence . It remains to replace and with and with , so that they become actual ideal sheaves.
We next prove that is stable under max. Given choose a model on which both functions are determined, by respectively. We then have
with , which shows that .
In order to get the separation property, we basically argue as in [Gub98, Corollary 7.7], which relied on [BL93, Lemma 2.6]. Let be a fixed model and pick two distinct points . If is distinct from then already separates and . Otherwise, let be an open neighborhood of in . By definition of there exists such that . Since the scheme is Noetherian, extends to a coherent ideal sheaf on . For each positive integer the ideal sheaf is vertical on , and we have
at and , so we see that separates and for . β
Thanks to the βBoolean ring versionβ of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem, we get as a consequence the following crucial result, which is equivalent toΒ [Gub98, Theorem 7.12] (compareΒ [Yua08, Lemma 3.5] and the remark following it).
Corollary 2.3.
The -vector space stable under max and separates points. As a consequence, it is dense in for the topology of uniform convergence.
CorollaryΒ 2.3 in turn implies the following result, which corresponds toΒ [YZ09, LemmaΒ 2.4]. We reproduce the short proof for completeness.
Corollary 2.4.
The set of divisorial points is dense in .
Proof.
Pick vanishing on and rational. By CorollaryΒ 2.3 there exists a model and a divisor such that on . The divisor is then effective, proving and hence on . β
The collection of finite dimensional spaces endowed with the transpose of pull-back morphisms on divisors and the topology of the pointwise convergence forms an inductive system, and we have:
Corollary 2.5.
For each model , let be the evaluation map defined by . Then the induced map
is a homeomorphism onto its image.
The image of this map will be described in CorollaryΒ 3.2.
Proof.
The map in question is continuous since any model function is continuous. It is injective by CorollaryΒ 2.3. Since is compact, we conclude that it is a homeomorphism onto its image. β