ScalingStacks

Proof. [04LH]

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Proof.

Consider one of the fibrations ℱh,M\mathcal{F}_{h,M}, ℱv,M\mathcal{F}_{v,M} or ℱd,M\mathcal{F}_{d,M} as above (whenever necessary, we allow ourselves to restrict to smaller neighborhoods of Δh,M\Delta_{h,M}, Δv,M\Delta_{v,M} or Δd,M\Delta_{d,M}). To keep the notation simple we temporarily drop the subindices and denote it by ℱ\mathcal{F}.

Since ℱ\mathcal{F} satisfies Assumption 6.22, it follows from Proposition 6.28 that we can associate to ℱ\mathcal{F} a normal form of cylindrical type ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} together with its invariants given by a triple (ZH#,ℓ,HΔ)(Z^{\#}_{H},\ell,H_{\Delta}) which, in view of Theorem 6.29, uniquely determine ℱ\mathcal{F} as a germ around Γ=B∩{b1=0}\Gamma=B\cap\{b_{1}=0\}. By slight abuse of notation we will denote by the same letter Γ\Gamma both B∩{b1=0}B\cap\{b_{1}=0\} and Bu∩{b1=0}B_{u}\cap\{b_{1}=0\}, where BuB_{u} is the base of ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H}. For the duration of this proof HH will remain unchanged, so we drop the subindex HH and denote ℱu:=ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u}:=\mathcal{F}_{u,H} for short.

¯ A b 2 b 3 ¯ A ′
Figure 14: Γ\Gamma (or Γh,M\Gamma_{h,M}).

The proof consists in suitably deforming the sequence ℓ\ell. Let A¯⊂Γ\bar{A}\subset\Gamma and A¯′⊂A¯\bar{A}^{\prime}\subset\bar{A} be (planar) regions as depicted in Figure 14. Given a cut-off function ρ∈C∞​(Γ)\rho\in C^{\infty}(\Gamma) such that ρ\rho is 1 on Γ−A¯\Gamma-\bar{A} and 00 on A¯′\bar{A}^{\prime}, define a new (fibrewise closed) sequence ℓ~\tilde{\ell} whose elements are ℓ~k=(ρ∘π¯#)​ℓk\tilde{\ell}_{k}=(\rho\circ\bar{\pi}^{\#})\,\ell_{k} for each k∈ℕk\in\mathbb{N}. We obtain a triple (ZH#,ℓ~,HΔ)(Z^{\#}_{H},\tilde{\ell},H_{\Delta}), such that ℓ|(π¯#)−1​(Γ−A¯)=ℓ~|(π¯#)−1​(Γ−A¯)\ell|_{(\bar{\pi}^{\#})^{-1}(\Gamma-\bar{A})}=\tilde{\ell}|_{(\bar{\pi}^{\#})^{-1}(\Gamma-\bar{A})} and ℓ~|(π¯#)−1​(A¯′)=0\tilde{\ell}|_{(\bar{\pi}^{\#})^{-1}(\bar{A}^{\prime})}=0.

In view of Proposition 6.30, (ZH#,ℓ~,HΔ)(Z^{\#}_{H},\tilde{\ell},H_{\Delta}) gives rise to a normal form of cylindrical type ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}} defined over a neighborhood of Γ\Gamma. By construction and by Theorem 6.29, ℱu\mathcal{F}_{u} and ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}} define the same germ around Γ−A¯\Gamma-\bar{A}, i.e. there are open neighborhoods UU and U~\tilde{U} of Γ−A¯\Gamma-\bar{A} (satisfying U∩{b1=0}=U~∩{b1=0}=Γ−A¯U\cap\{b_{1}=0\}=\tilde{U}\cap\{b_{1}=0\}=\Gamma-\bar{A}) such that ℱu|U\mathcal{F}_{u}|_{U} and ℱu~|U~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}|_{\tilde{U}} are symplectically conjugate. Moreover ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}} is smooth when restricted to any open neighborhood A′A^{\prime} of A¯′\bar{A}^{\prime} such that A′∩{b1=0}=A¯′A^{\prime}\cap\{b_{1}=0\}=\bar{A}^{\prime}. Now recall that ℱu\mathcal{F}_{u} is symplectically conjugate to ℱ\mathcal{F}, so we have that ℱu~|U~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}|_{\tilde{U}} is symplectically conjugate ℱ|U\mathcal{F}|_{U}.

Let us summarize the result using our original notation for the horizontal leg. For Γh,M=Bh,M∩{b1=0}\Gamma_{h,M}=B_{h,M}\cap\{b_{1}=0\}, we have found sets A¯′⊂A¯⊂Γh,M\bar{A}^{\prime}\subset\bar{A}\subset\Gamma_{h,M} (as in Figure 14) and a normal form of cylindrical type ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}, defined over a neighborhood of Γh,M\Gamma_{h,M}, smooth over A¯′\bar{A}^{\prime} and such that ℱu~|U~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}|_{\tilde{U}} is symplectically conjugate to ℱh,M|U\mathcal{F}_{h,M}|_{U}, where UU and U~\tilde{U} are neighborhoods of Γh,M−A¯\Gamma_{h,M}-\bar{A} (satisfying U∩{b1=0}=U~∩{b1=0}=Γh,M−A¯U\cap\{b_{1}=0\}=\tilde{U}\cap\{b_{1}=0\}=\Gamma_{h,M}-\bar{A}).

If we go back denoting by ℱ\mathcal{F} the fibration of Lemma 7.4, we can form a new fibration ℱ~\tilde{\mathcal{F}} in the following way. Let ℱ′=ℱ|ℝ3−(ℝ×A¯)\mathcal{F}^{\prime}=\mathcal{F}|_{\mathbb{R}^{3}-(\mathbb{R}\times\bar{A})} and symplectically glue ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}} to ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime} using the conjugation between ℱu~|U~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}|_{\tilde{U}} and ℱ′|U=ℱh,M|U\mathcal{F}^{\prime}|_{U}=\mathcal{F}_{h,M}|_{U}. The fibration ℱ~\tilde{\mathcal{F}} is the result of this gluing. Notice that ℱ~\tilde{\mathcal{F}}, due to the properties of ℱu~\mathcal{F}_{\tilde{u}}, is such that for some m>Mm>M (depending on A¯′\bar{A}^{\prime}) and a suitable neighborhood of Bh,mB_{h,m} of Δh,m\Delta_{h,m}, the restriction ℱ~h,m\tilde{\mathcal{F}}_{h,m} is smooth. Notice that A¯′\bar{A}^{\prime} can be chosen so that the latter holds for any m>Mm>M.

The above method applied to all legs, produces the required result. ∎

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