ScalingStacks

Example 6.14 . [04KL]

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Example 6.14.

Let U⊂ℝ2U\subset\mathbb{R}^{2} be an open annulus in ℝ2\mathbb{R}^{2} centered at the origin. As usual denote U+=U∩{b1≥0}U^{+}=U\cap\{b_{1}\geq 0\}, U−=U∩{b1≤0}U^{-}=U\cap\{b_{1}\leq 0\} and Γ=U+∩U−\Gamma=U^{+}\cap U^{-}. This time Γ\Gamma is disconnected. We let Γu=Γ∩{b2≥0}\Gamma_{u}=\Gamma\cap\{b_{2}\geq 0\} and Γd=Γ∩{b2≤0}\Gamma_{d}=\Gamma\cap\{b_{2}\leq 0\} be the upper and lower parts of Γ\Gamma respectively. Now let f:X→ℝ2f:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{2} be a stitched Lagrangian fibration such that f⁡(X)=Uf(X)=U. Observe that the seam ZZ has two connected components: Zu=f−1​(Γu)Z_{u}=f^{-1}(\Gamma_{u}) and Zd=f−1​(Γd)Z_{d}=f^{-1}(\Gamma_{d}). Denote by Z¯u\bar{Z}_{u} and Z¯d\bar{Z}_{d} the respective S1S^{1} quotients, i.e. the connected components of Z¯\bar{Z}. Let b∈Γub\in\Gamma_{u} and choose as generator of π1​(U,b)\pi_{1}(U,b) an anti-clock-wise oriented curve starting at bb and going once around 00. Suppose that with respect to a basis {γ1,γ2}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}\} of H1​(Fb,ℤ)H_{1}(F_{b},\mathbb{Z}) the monodromy is

(1−m01),\left(\begin{array}[]{cc}1&-m\\ 0&1\end{array}\right), (57)

for some integer m≠0m\neq 0. In this case we must have that γ1\gamma_{1} is represented by the orbits of the S1S^{1} action. As usual let X±=f−1​(U±)X^{\pm}=f^{-1}(U^{\pm}). Since U−ΓdU-\Gamma_{d} is contractible we can think of {γ1,γ2}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}\} as a basis of H1​(f−1​(U−Γd),ℤ)H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{d}),\mathbb{Z}). Consider the diagrams:

H1​(X+,ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(X^{+},\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}H1​(f−1​(U−Γd),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{d}),\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}j+\scriptstyle{j_{+}}H1​(f−1​(U−Γu),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{u}),\mathbb{Z})}

or

H1​(f−1​(U−Γd),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{d}),\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}j−\scriptstyle{j_{-}}H1​(f−1​(U−Γu),ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{u}),\mathbb{Z})}H1​(X−,ℤ)\textstyle{H_{1}(X^{-},\mathbb{Z})\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}

induced by inclusions and restrictions. The map j+j_{+} identifies {γ1,γ2}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}\} with a basis {γ1,γ2+}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{+}\} of H1​(f−1​(U−Γu),ℤ)H_{1}(f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{u}),\mathbb{Z}), whereas j−j_{-} with a basis {γ1,γ2−}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{-}\}. Notice that monodromy is given by j+−1∘j−j_{+}^{-1}\circ j_{-}. Therefore we must have γ2+=m​γ1+γ2−\gamma_{2}^{+}=m\gamma_{1}+\gamma_{2}^{-}. Hence {γ1,γ2+}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{+}\} and {γ1,γ2−}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{-}\} satisfy conditions (a) and (b) in the previous section. Applying Proposition 6.5 to ff restricted to f−1​(U−Γu)f^{-1}(U-\Gamma_{u}) we can consider the action coordinates map α\alpha constructed by taking action coordinates with respect to {γ1,γ2+}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{+}\} on U+U^{+} and with respect to {γ1,γ2−}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}^{-}\} on U−U^{-}. Denote by (b1d,b2d)(b_{1}^{d},b_{2}^{d}) such coordinates. Similarly on U−ΓdU-\Gamma_{d} we can consider action angle coordinates with respect to the basis {γ1,γ2}\{\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2}\}. Denote by (b1u,b2u)(b_{1}^{u},b_{2}^{u}) these coordinates. In particular we have the identifications

Z¯d=T∗​Γd/⟨d​b2d⟩ℤ\bar{Z}_{d}=T^{\ast}\Gamma_{d}\,/\,\langle db_{2}^{d}\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}

and

Z¯u=T∗​Γu/⟨d​b2u⟩ℤ.\bar{Z}_{u}=T^{\ast}\Gamma_{u}\,/\,\langle db_{2}^{u}\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}}.

With respect to this choice of coordinates we can compute the first order invariants of ff, ℓ1u\ell_{1}^{u} and ℓ1d\ell_{1}^{d} on Z¯u\bar{Z}_{u} and Z¯d\bar{Z}_{d}, respectively. Then (49) should hold, therefore we obtain

∫[d​b2u]ℓ1u=0and∫[d​b2d]ℓ1d=m.\int_{[db_{2}^{u}]}\ell_{1}^{u}=0\ \ \text{and}\ \ \int_{[db_{2}^{d}]}\ell_{1}^{d}=m.

This tells us that monodromy can be read from a jump in cohomology class of the first order invariant associated to action coordinates.

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