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Example 2.6 (Nodal fibration) . [04HQ]

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Example 2.6 (Nodal fibration).

This example is the topological model for the fibration over a point of Δ\Delta in the case n=2n=2. Let DD be the unit disc in ℂ\mathbb{C} and D∗=D−{0}D^{\ast}=D-\{0\}. Let f0:X0→D∗f_{0}:X_{0}\rightarrow D^{\ast} be a T2T^{2}-bundle with monodromy generated by (1011)\left(\begin{array}[]{cc}1&0\\ 1&1\end{array}\right). We can use Proposition 2.4 to compactify X0X_{0} as follows. The monodromy invariant cycle, L∈H1​(f0−1​(b),ℤ)L\in H_{1}(f_{0}^{-1}(b),\mathbb{Z}), induces a fibre preserving T⁡(L)T(L) action, with T⁡(L)=L⊗ℝ/LT(L)=L\otimes\mathbb{R}/\penalty L. The quotient modulo this action yields an S1S^{1}-bundle π0:X0→Y0=D∗×S1\pi_{0}:X_{0}\rightarrow Y_{0}=D^{\ast}\times S^{1}. One can verify that π0\pi_{0} extends to an S1S^{1}-bundle π′:X′→Y′=D×S1−{(0,p)}\pi^{\prime}:X^{\prime}\rightarrow Y^{\prime}=D\times S^{1}-\{(0,p)\}, where p∈S1p\in S^{1}. Furthermore c1​(π′)=±1c_{1}(\pi^{\prime})=\pm 1. Then Proposition 2.4 ensures that X′X^{\prime} compactifies to a manifold X=X′∪{p​t}X=X^{\prime}\cup\{pt\} and that there is a proper map π:X→Y=D×S1\pi:X\rightarrow Y=D\times S^{1} extending π′\pi^{\prime}. Defining P:Y→DP:Y\rightarrow D as the projection map, we obtain a fibration f=P∘π:X→Df=P\circ\pi:X\rightarrow D extending f0f_{0}. The only singular fibre, f−1​(0)f^{-1}(0), is homeomorphic to T2=S1×S1T^{2}=S^{1}\times S^{1} after S1×{x}⊂T2S^{1}\times\{x\}\subset T^{2} is collapsed to xx. We denote this fibre by I1I_{1}, following Kodaira’s notation for singular fibres of elliptic fibrations. In Hamiltonian mechanics, a Lagrangian fibration with this topology is known as a focus-focus fibration.

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