5 Fermat case: Metric convergence and SYZ fibration [00TU]
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5 Fermat case: Metric convergence and SYZ fibration
We focus on the Fermat family case. We will produce a solution of the real MA equation on by a subsequential limit, which induces a real MA metric on the regular locus (cf. section 5.1). Then we show the Calabi-Yau metrics on the degenerating hypersurfaces converge to the real MA metric, both in a -sense (cf. section 5.2) and in the global Gromov-Hausdorff sense (cf. section 5.3). The strong regularity estimates will in particular imply that in the generic region of the CY metrics are collapsing with bounded curvature, which by a result of Zhang [41] allows one to produce a special Lagrangian fibration in the generic region of (cf. section 5.4).
5.1 Limiting real MA metric
We work in the context of section 4.7, and use the notations therein. We shall extract some subsequential limit of local potentials for the CY metric , and check that up to a constant it solves the real MA equation on according to Def. 3.29 (cf. also section 2.6).
Since the convex functions on produced by double Legendre transform have uniform Lipschitz bounds (25), by the Arzela-Ascoli theorem we can take a subsequential limit as , such that in -topology. Later we will sometimes suppress mentioning the subsequence for brevity. In particular is convex and admissible. We can also pass Cor. 4.15 to the limit, to see that in the region , for any with , the function is constant upon translation in the -direction. In particular in such regions the convergence improves to .
By construction , and Thus the stability estimate Cor. 4.26 implies that
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Inside , for , the local potentials satisfy
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Inside , the local potentials satisfy
The rest of this section is devoted to proving
Theorem 5.1.
The intuitive idea is to pass the complex MA equation to some weak limit. The main problem is that the sequence live on different manifolds, so we need more effective estimates to pass to the limit.
Lemma 5.2.
Let be a bounded convex function on the square . Via the rescaled log map , the function pulls back to a psh function on . Then the real MA measure of is related to the pushforward of the complex MA measure of by
Proof.
If is smooth, then
Since , and both the real and complex MA operators are weakly continuous with respect to -limits, this equality passes to general . ∎
Lemma 5.3.
(Chern-Levine type estimate) Let be a psh function on the annulus region , with . Then
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On the shrinked set the measure
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Let is another psh function, with . Let be any compactly supported function on the square . Then
Proof.
Let be a compactly supported nonnegative smooth function on the square , equal to one on . We identify with , and denote . Then
The basic obervation is that if is a positive current of bidegree , then by integration by part,
Iterating this argument to lower the power of ,
The second statement is proved similarly by removing factors iteratively. ∎
Proof.
(Thm. 5.1) There are two subcases: the interior of the top dimensional faces of , and the star of the vertices . Since the arguments are almost the same we focus on the latter.
On the interior of , we have local affine coordinates , related to the holomorphic -coordinates by . The star type region can be viewed as a subset of , so we use the rescaled map to pullback the function on . On the other hand, maps into via , so we can also pullback via . These two pullbacks differ by at most using Cor. 4.15. We also write .
Take a local test function supported in the interior of , then is identified as a local function on via . By the Chern-Levine type estimate above,
as . By the Calabi-Yau condition (20) and Prop. 3.14,
Pushing forward via , and applying Lemma 5.2,
Since this holds for every , on the interior of this top dimensional face we obtain the measure equality (31). ∎
5.2 Higher regularity in the generic region
Once we know the subsequential limit satisfies the real MA equation, then by the local regularity theory surveyed in section 2.6,
Corollary 5.4.
(Regularity of real MA solution) Inside , let be the set of strictly convex points of , then , and the complement of is a closed subset of Hausdorff -measure zero. In particular is path connected, and is open and dense in .
Remark 5.5.
In dimension 2, the local regularity theory implies that , namely the real MA solution is smooth wherever the affine structure is defined. The same might hold in any higher dimension, although this cannot be concluded by local regularity results alone (cf. Remark 2.15).
We now proceed to a very explicit coordinate version of higher order estimates for the local CY potentials, by transferring regularity from the real MA equation to the complex MA equation.
Let , then (resp. the appropriate has -bound on some coordinate ball contained in a shrinked face (resp. ). For clarity we focus on the face case. The radius and the -bound depend on the choice of , but are uniform for in any fixed compact subset of . We identify with its pullback to .
The local CY potential on satisfies
along the subsequence. We may regard as an open subset of . On the universal cover of , we use the natural coordinates for .
Now satisfies the complex MA equation (cf. (20)(14))
By the holomorphic volume form formula (12),
where the term in fact has exponentially small bounds in coordinates; the higher order bound uses that is holomorphic. On the other hand by the calculation in section 5.1, the pullback of satisfies
To summarize, the deviation of RHS is negligible and the deviation between and is small in -norm. Applying Savin’s Thm. 2.14,
Theorem 5.6.
(Smooth convergence in generic regions) As along the subsequence, assume the coordinate ball , then on the region , we have the following higher regularity estimates with respect to the -norm in the coordinates.
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In the face type region case
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In the star type region case, for ,
The convergence rate is uniform for on any fixed compact subset of .
The intuition is that in the generic regular locus in the toric part of , the local CY potentials converge in some sense.
Notation.
For every compact , let denote the union of the regions for ; the convergence rates will be uniform on . Notice that
so by taking a compact exhaustion of , we may assume occupies a percentage of the total measure arbitrarily close to 1.
Remark 5.7.
If one can show that the limiting real MA metric is unique, then there will be no need to pass to a subsequence.
Next we discuss CY metrics in .
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In the face type region case, up to -small error in the coordinates,
hence the CY metrics is up to -small error
(32) - •
Likewise in the star type region case, up to small error in the coordinates,
(33)
Notice in such local coordinates, the rescaled log map gives a local -fibration. The metric associated to is a semiflat metric, namely a -invariant metric which is flat when restricted to any -fibre. Thus (32)(33) assert that the Calabi-Yau metrics are -approximated by semiflat metrics in the regular regions.
Corollary 5.8.
On the sectional curvature has a uniform bound , and the injectivity radius satisfies , with constants depending on .
5.3 Gromov-Hausdorff convergence
On the regular locus we have a well defined real MA metric,
| (34) |
Notice the definitions are compatible on overlapping regions. Let be the metric completion. The metric asymptotes (32)(33) say that in some sense the collapsing CY metrics converge to the metric on , and we know is path connected because its complement has zero -measure.
Remark 5.9.
We do not know if is homeomorphic to , as the regularity theory of the real MA equation on a singular affine manifold is not yet developed, and we know little about what can happen near singularities.
The goal of this section is to show
Theorem 5.10.
The subsequence of collapsing CY metrics converges in the Gromov-Hausdorff sense to .
Proposition 5.11.
There is a uniform diameter bound
Proof.
Lemma 5.12.
Let be a closed Riemannian manifold with , let and . Then .
Using Thm. 5.6, we can find inside the regular region of some geodesic ball of radius , occupying a nontrivial portion of the total volume:
with independent of . Now applying the Lemma to the rescaled CY metric ,
so as required. ∎
Proof.
(Thm. 5.10) By Thm 5.6 we already know the metric convergence over any properly contained open subset of , which corresponds to a region , with nearly the full measure:
where can be chosen arbitrarily small. It now suffices to show any point is close to . For any such that the geodesic ball , the Bishop-Gromov inequality implies
Taking the sup of all such ,
which can be made arbitrarily small. ∎
5.4 Special Lagrangian fibration in the generic region
In the setting of section 5.2, the very strong regularity bounds in the generic region leads to the existence of special Lagrangian -fibrations thereon.
Theorem 5.13.
For any fixed compact , for depending on , there is a special Lagrangian (SLag) -fibration on an open subset of containing .
Remark 5.14.
By considering a compact exhaustion of , we can choose so that the region occupies a percentage of the total measure on arbitrarily close to 1.
Proof.
Since is a compact subset in the open set , we can find an open set properly contained in . This ensures that the smooth convergence in Thm. 5.6 happens uniformly on a slightly larger set than . We assume as ususal.
Consider a coordinate region contained in this larger set, which is topologically . Here the is well defined as a homology cycle independent of the coordinates. We define the phase angles by requiring We consider the rescaled CY metrics , so the diameter of fibres are now of order by (32)(33). Within any log scale, these rescaled CY structures are -close to the standard flat structures in section 2.7 up to constant factors. By construction the Kähler forms are exact in these coordinate charts. Thus by Zhang’s result surveyed in section 2.7, within any log scale, we can construct a SLag -fibration with phase , whose fibres are very small -perturbations of the fibres of the map ,
Observe that on overlapping charts, the Log-fibres with respect to one chart are very small -perturbations of the Log-fibres of the other chart. Then the uniqueness part of Zhang’s argument shows that on overlapping charts the SLag -fibrations are in fact defined independent of charts. (It is the local universal family of SLags within the perturbative regime.) Thus the local constructions glue to a SLag fibration on a subset of containing as required. ∎