Proof.
We will prove by contradiction and suppose no such a uniform constant exists. That is, there exist the following sequences:
- (1)
a sequence of numbers ,
- (2)
a sequence of gluing metrics with weight functions (for simplicity, we still denote by because there is no ambiguity),
- (3)
a sequence of differential -forms such that
| (8.8) |
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| (8.9) |
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as .
Our main goal is to prove a local version of the above weighted Schauder estimate.
Precisely, it suffices to show that, there is some uniform constant (independent of ) and for every and for every , there is some (depending on the location of ) such that the following estimate holds in ,
| (8.10) |
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Once (8.10) is established, the contradiction immediately arises which completes the entire proof.
Indeed, (8.9) implies that either
or
.
We can assume because the argument for the other case is exactly the same. Hence by definition, there exists some with
| (8.11) |
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By (8.10), there is some which depends on such that
| (8.12) |
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The above estimate implies
that
| (8.13) |
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However, (8.13) contradicts (8.11). The proof is done.
So the main part of the proof of the proposition is to establish (8.10).
In our proof, the primary strategy is to rescale the metric and the differential -form . That is, we choose some correct rescaling factors , and define
| (8.14) |
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In the previous section, we showed that, for every reference point ,
after appropriate rescaling, there is a subdomain which contains and has uniformly bounded geometry away from at most finitely many singular points.
Then the standard Schauder estimate in the rescaled spaces is available. That is, for every ,
| (8.15) |
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where is some uniform constant independent of the index such that the balls converge to a smooth space and the convergence keeps curvatures uniformly bounded.
Once we obtain (8.15), we will get
the weighted estimate (8.10) after an appropriate rescaling.
In the following arguments, for every fixed , we will choose the corresponding rescaled metrics defined in Section 7.3.
We prove (8.10) around the monopole . Let and we choose the rescaled metric , then
| (8.16) |
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where is the standard Taub-NUT metric such that the length of the -fiber at infinity equals .
Since the above convergence is , the rescaled sequence has bounded geometry and thus the standard Schauder estimate holds in the geodesic ball with respect to the
rescaled metric . Precisely, there is a uniform constant such that for every ,
| (8.17) |
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Now we rescale back to the original metric . First,
we choose
| (8.18) |
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and denote .
With respect to the original metric, the above Schauder estimate is equivalent to the following
| (8.19) |
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where .
Therefore, by the definition of the weighted Hölder norm,
| (8.20) |
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So the estimate (8.10) has been proved in Region .
We will prove (8.10) for every in Region . As what is introduced in Section 7.3,
we break down this region in cases with different rescaling geometries:
- (a)
There is a uniform constant such that .
- (b)
The distance to a pole satisfies
| (8.21) |
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- (c)
There is some uniform constant such that
| (8.22) |
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In each of the above cases, the rescaled spaces have uniformly bounded curvatures and converge to a smooth limit space, which enables us to obtain the standard Schauder estimate in any ball of a definite radius the rescaled spaces.
Specifically, let be a fixed point in Region , then the standard Schauder estimate in states that for any ,
| (8.23) |
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Now let
| (8.24) |
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and denote , then rescaling to the original metrics , we have
| (8.25) |
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The above is defined as follows. If is in Case (a) or (b), then
| (8.26) |
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If is in Case (c), then
| (8.27) |
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where . We need to show that the values for all are equivalent. Indeed, by the triangle inequality, we can see that for every ,
| (8.28) |
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Therefore, by the definition of the weighted norm, the estimate (8.10) immediately follows.
If we choose , then the remaining arguments coincide with those in Case (c) of Region .
Regions and :
We only prove the estimate (8.10)
for every fixed reference point in Region and the proof for the other part is identical.
For fixed in Region , we define
and
| (8.29) |
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In Section 7.3, the rescaled limits were separated in the following cases:
- (a)
There is a constant independent of the index such that
| (8.30) |
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for each .
- (b)
The reference points in Region satisfy
| (8.31) |
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We follow the notations in Section 7.3.
Notice that, in each of the above cases, the rescaled spaces have uniformly bounded curvature and the standard Schauder estimate can be stated in the following way.
In Case (a), by assumption, we can pick
some definite constant
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such that for every ,
| (8.33) |
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In the above estimate, the constant depends only on and the flat product metric (particularly does not depend on ).
Now we rescale the -form by choosing
| (8.34) |
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and .
First, we rescale the above estimate to the original metric and denote
| (8.35) |
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then
| (8.36) |
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So the rest is to show the values of the weight function are equivalent for every . Indeed, denote ,
by straightforward computations, there is a uniform constant such that for every ,
| (8.37) |
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Moreover, we can show that
| (8.38) |
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for some uniform constant .
By the definition of the weight function in Region ,
| (8.39) |
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The above estimates imply that there is a uniform constant such that
| (8.40) |
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So the proof of (8.10) in Case (a) is done.
The proof of the estimate in Case (b) is the same.
Regions and :
We only need to prove the estimate (8.10) for the reference point in Region because the estimate in Region is identical.
As the discussion in Section 7.3,
there are the following two cases to be considered:
- (a)
Assume that a sequence of reference points satisfy
.
- (b)
Assume that there is a some constant such that a sequence of reference points satisfy
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First, we prove the weighted Schauder estimate (8.10) in Case (a).
Let and , then we have shown in Section 7.3 that
| (8.41) |
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Moreover, the curvatures are uniformly bounded in the above convergence, which implies the standard Schauder estimate for every ,
| (8.42) |
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To prove the weighted estimate (8.10) in the original metrics , we both rescale the metric and in the above estimate. First, let
| (8.43) |
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and denote ,
then
| (8.44) |
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where
| (8.45) |
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Now the last step is to show that all the values are equivalent for every . Indeed, denote and , then straightforward computations immediately imply that
| (8.46) |
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for some uniform constant . By the definition of the weight function in Region ,
| (8.47) |
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Therefore,
| (8.48) |
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and thus the proof of Case (a) is done.
Now we prove Case (b).
We showed in Section 7.3 that
the limit space is a finite rescale of .
Notice that, by the choice of the constant in Case (b),
the geodesic ball
is contained in the end part of which has an -fibration structure. It follows that has uniformly bounded geometry. Then for every , the standard Schauder estimate holds and we have
| (8.49) |
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where is independent of the index and the constant .
Now we rescale the above estimate to the original metric and we also rescale as in Case (a), which gives
| (8.50) |
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where
| (8.51) |
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It is similar to Case (a) that there is some constant which is independent of the index and the constant , such that
| (8.52) |
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By definition, the weighted Schauder estimate (8.10) immediately follows.
Regions and :
First, we consider the case that the fixed reference point is in Region . We choose a ball and the estimate (8.10)
is the standard Schauder estimate on . Since the weight function in this region is uniformly bounded, the weighted Schauder estimate (8.10) is equivalent to the standard one.
Next, if is in Region , then
| (8.53) |
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and the standard Schauder estimate states that there is a uniform constant such that for every ,
| (8.54) |
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So we just rescale the the -form by letting
and , then (8.54) is equivalent to
| (8.55) |
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Up to some uniformly bounded constant, the above estimate implies the weighted Schauder estimate (8.10).