ScalingStacks

Proof. [03I5]

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Proof.

Denoting ϕ≡(Δg−Δg𝒞)​u\phi\equiv(\Delta_{g}-\Delta_{g_{\mathcal{C}}})u, then Δg​u=0\Delta_{g}u=0 implies

(4.175) Δg𝒞​u+ϕ=0.\Delta_{g_{\mathcal{C}}}u+\phi=0.

We will show that for each k∈ℕk\in\mathbb{N} we have

(4.176) ‖∇kϕ​(𝒙0)‖≤C⁡(k,g)⋅e−δ​z02,\|\nabla^{k}\phi(\bm{x}_{0})\|\leq C(k,g)\cdot e^{-\frac{\delta z_{0}}{2}},

where C⁡(k,g)>0C(k,g)>0 depends only on k∈ℕk\in\mathbb{N} and the curvature bound of the cutoff region (X4∖K,g)(X^{4}\setminus K,g).

The higher order derivative estimate will be proved by the Wk,pW^{k,p}-estimate for harmonic functions on the complete space (X4,g)(X^{4},g). Since the metric gg is collapsing near the infinity, the standard elliptic estimate cannot be directly applied. To overcome this difficulty, we will scale up the metric g~=λ2​g\tilde{g}=\lambda^{2}g such that B1​(𝒙𝟎)B_{1}(\bm{x_{0}}) is non-collapsing for g~\tilde{g} which guarantees the elliptic estimate holds in terms of the rescaled metric g~\tilde{g}. For fixed 𝒙0∈[T0(k),+∞)\bm{x}_{0}\in[T_{0}(k),+\infty), we take

(4.177) λ=z012\lambda=z_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}

and hence there is some constant v0>0v_{0}>0 which is independent of the zz-coordinate such that

(4.178) Volg~⁡(B1​(𝒙𝟎))≥v0>0.\Vol_{\tilde{g}}(B_{1}(\bm{x_{0}}))\geq v_{0}>0.

By explicit calculation on the model space 𝒞\mathcal{C} using (4.4) one easily sees that curvatures are uniformly bounded in a ball of definite size of radius, i.e.

(4.179) supB2​(𝒙𝟎)‖Rm‖g~≤Λ0,\sup\limits_{B_{2}(\bm{x_{0}})}\|\Rm\|_{\tilde{g}}\leq\Lambda_{0},

where Λ0>0\Lambda_{0}>0 is independent of the zz-coordinate. It follows that for every k∈ℕk\in\mathbb{N} and 1<p<∞1<p<\infty, there exists C⁡(k,v0,Λ0,p)>0C(k,v_{0},\Lambda_{0},p)>0 such that under the rescaled metric g~\tilde{g},

(4.180) ‖u‖Wg~k+2,p​(B1​(x0))≤C​‖u‖Wg~k,p​(B1+1k2​(x0)),\|u\|_{W_{\tilde{g}}^{k+2,p}(B_{1}(x_{0}))}\leq C\|u\|_{W_{\tilde{g}}^{k,p}(B_{1+\frac{1}{k^{2}}}(x_{0}))},

which implies that for every k∈ℤ+k\in\mathbb{Z}_{+},

(4.181) ‖u‖Wg~k,p​(B1​(x0))≤C​supB3​(𝒙0)|u|.\|u\|_{W_{\tilde{g}}^{k,p}(B_{1}(x_{0}))}\leq C\sup\limits_{B_{3}(\bm{x}_{0})}|u|.

Therefore, for every k∈ℤ+k\in\mathbb{Z}_{+} and sufficiently large p∈(1,∞)p\in(1,\infty), applying the Sobolev embedding on (B4/3​(𝒙0),g~)(B_{4/3}(\bm{x}_{0}),\tilde{g}), there exists C⁡(k,p,v0,Λ0)>0C(k,p,v_{0},\Lambda_{0})>0 such that

(4.182) supB1​(𝒙0)|∇ku|g~≤C​‖∇k+1u‖Lp​(B4/3​(x0)).\sup\limits_{B_{1}(\bm{x}_{0})}|\nabla^{k}u|_{\tilde{g}}\leq C\|\nabla^{k+1}u\|_{L^{p}(B_{4/3}(x_{0}))}.

By (4.181) and the growth assumption on uu, there is some constant C>0C>0 such that

(4.183) supB1​(𝒙0)|∇ku|g~≤C​supB2​(𝒙0)|u|≤C​eδ^​z0.\sup\limits_{B_{1}(\bm{x}_{0})}|\nabla^{k}u|_{\tilde{g}}\leq C\sup\limits_{B_{2}(\bm{x}_{0})}|u|\leq Ce^{\hat{\delta}z_{0}}.

In terms of the original metric gg, we have

(4.184) |∇ku​(𝒙0)|g≤supB1/λ​(𝒙0)|∇ku|g≤C⋅z02​k​eδ^​z0<C​eδ′​z0,|\nabla^{k}u(\bm{x}_{0})|_{g}\leq\sup\limits_{B_{1/\lambda}(\bm{x}_{0})}|\nabla^{k}u|_{g}\leq C\cdot z_{0}^{2k}e^{\hat{\delta}z_{0}}<Ce^{\delta^{\prime}z_{0}},

where δ′∈(δ^,(1+10−3)​δ^)\delta^{\prime}\in\Big(\hat{\delta},(1+10^{-3})\hat{\delta}\Big).

Next, by (4.172), there is some constant δ>0\delta>0 such that

(4.185) ‖Φ∗​g𝒞−g‖Ck​(B2​(𝒙0))≤Ck​e−δ​z.\|\Phi^{*}g_{\mathcal{C}}-g\|_{C^{k}(B_{2}(\bm{x}_{0}))}\leq C_{k}e^{-\delta z}.

then the elliptic estimate (4.184) and (4.185) imply that

(4.186) |ϕ⁡(𝒙0)|=|(Δg−Δg𝒞)​u​(𝒙0)|≤C​e−δ⋅z02|\phi(\bm{x}_{0})|=|(\Delta_{g}-\Delta_{g_{\mathcal{C}}})u(\bm{x}_{0})|\leq Ce^{-\frac{\delta\cdot z_{0}}{2}}

and similarly

(4.187) |∇kϕ​(𝒙0)|≤Ck​e−δ⋅z02.|\nabla^{k}\phi(\bm{x}_{0})|\leq C_{k}e^{-\frac{\delta\cdot z_{0}}{2}}.

∎

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