5.1. The 4 –manifold M ϵ [02HH]
Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.
Complete original source context · Original author HTML
5.1. The –manifold
Let be the hyperkähler triple defined in (4.6). By Lemma 4.9 for small enough we think of as defined on , a smooth manifold with boundary obtained by restricting the line bundle to the complement of (arbitrarily) small balls centred at the punctures and then taking the quotient by the involution . The boundary of has components, each of which has a collar neighbourhood diffeomorphic either to for , or for .
For each let be the smooth –manifold underlying a ALF space and for each let be the smooth manifold underlying an ALF space. We construct a smooth –manifold by cutting the ends of and and gluing the resulting manifolds with boundary to in a neighbourhood of or , respectively.
We will construct an approximate hyperkähler structure on in the next subsection. Here we pause for a moment to determine the Betti numbers of . While we will not use this result in an essential way in the rest of the paper, it is interesting to note how the balancing condition (4.1) appears naturally in the calculation of the Euler characteristic of .
Proposition 5.1.
The Betti numbers of the compact orientable –manifold are
Proof.
Decompose into the union of a piece , an ALF space for each and a ALF space for each . These pieces are identified along their common boundaries, which are homology spheres. Since all components have vanishing first Betti number, the reduced Mayer–Vietoris sequence yields . The Euler characteristic is also easily calculated:
by the balancing condition (4.1).
It remains to calculate the signature . Below we will construct a definite triple on which is close to define a hyperkähler structure. By changing basis of one can always deform this triple to a genuine –structure (without requiring any differential constraint). In particular, can be endowed with an almost complex structure with . Since , Hirzebruch’s Signature Theorem and the equality of characteristic classes yield . ∎
Remark.
In Remark 4.8 we noted that the case where and for all reduces to the usual Kummer construction. Hence we know that is diffeomorphic to the K3 surface in this special case. It seems likely one can prove that the diffeomorphism type of does not depend on the configuration of punctures satisfying the balancing condition (4.1). Since we are going to construct a hyperkähler metric on , the calculation of the Betti numbers will anyway imply that is always diffeomorphic to the K3 surface.