5.2. The definite triple
We are now going to define an approximately hyperkähler triple on the –manifold .
For each denote by the hyperkähler triple obtained from the Gibbons–Hawking ansatz (3.3) using the harmonic function
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By abuse of notation we think of as defined both on the circle bundle as well as on its quotient by the involution that acts as the simultaneous standard involution on and the circle fibres.
Similarly, for each let be the hyperkähler triple obtained from the Gibbons–Hawking ansatz using the harmonic function
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Here and are the constants and linear functions appearing in Lemma 4.7. We will assume that is small enough to guarantee that .
For all let be a complete ALF space. By Definition 3.6 there exists a compact set , and a diffeomorphism such that
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for with and similar estimates on the derivatives.
For each let be a complete ALF space. By the classification of ALF spaces of cyclic type [35] the hyperkähler structure on is explicitly given via the Gibbons–Hawking ansatz starting from a harmonic function on with singularities. We can add to this function the smooth harmonic function . Over a ball in of radius much smaller than we can regard the resulting hyperkähler structure as a small perturbation of the ALF hyperkähler structure . By abuse of notation we denote this perturbed hyperkähler structure with the same symbol . The advantage of this modification is that now approaches with a smaller error: by Definition 3.6 there exists a compact set , and a diffeomorphism such that
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with (by scaling) and similar estimates on the derivatives.
We will assume that is chosen so small as to make sure that , where was fixed in Lemma 4.7. By choosing larger if necessary we can assume that the harmonic functions and in (5.2) and (5.3) are as close to constant functions as we please for . Then the hyperkähler triples and define metrics and which are uniformly equivalent to in the regions . In the rest of the section all norms and covariant derivatives will be computed with respect to this metric.
A crucial observation is that we can take and to be exact.
Lemma 5.4.
- (i)
For all there exists a triple of –forms on such that
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and .
- (ii)
For all there exists a triple of –invariant –forms on such that
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and .
Proof.
The proof is identical in the two cases. Set in case (i) and in case (ii). In case (ii) we work with –invariant forms on the double cover .
By scaling we can assume that . It is enough to prove that every closed –form with can be written as with .
Since the restriction of to an exterior domain in is diffeomorphic to with an homology sphere, we can write for some –dependent –form and –form on with .
The condition implies . We then define . The Lemma follows.
∎
By a similar radial integration, Lemma 4.7.(i) implies that in the regions and , respectively, we can write
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| for triples and of –forms such that |
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for .
Now, let and be cut-off functions with the following properties:
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We finally define a triple of closed –forms on by
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5.2.1. The error
We conclude this section by quantifying the failure of to define a hyperkähler structure. Since by construction for all , we only have to check that is a definite triple and estimate the difference between the associated intersection matrix and the identity.
In the regions , and when for all the triple defines a genuine hyperkähler structure. In the transition regions and we have, respectively,
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Since and are hyperkähler triples, we conclude that is a definite triple for sufficiently small.
Let , and be the volume form, metric and intersection matrix associated to the definite triple as in Section 2. Using Lemma 5.4, (5.5), (5.6) and the definition of we calculate that
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in every transition region , , and , . Outside the transition regions .