ScalingStacks

5.2. Normal Kähler spaces [02EU]

Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.

Complete original source context · Original author HTML

5.2. Normal Kähler spaces

Plurisubharmonic functions

Let VV be a normal analytic space of pure dimension nn. A plurisubharmonic (psh) function φ\varphi on VV is an upper semicontinuous function on VV with values in ℝ∪{−∞}\mathbb{R}\cup\{-\infty\}, which is not locally −∞-\infty, and extends to a psh function in some local embedding V→ℂNV\to\mathbb{C}^{N}. The function φ\varphi is strongly psh (resp. 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}, resp. 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}) iff it extends to a strongly psh function (resp. 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}, resp. 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}) in some local embedding. A continuous function is psh iff its restriction to Vr​e​gV^{reg} is so [FN]. A bounded psh function on Vr​e​gV^{reg} extends to VV.

A pluriharmonic function on VV is a real valued continuous function on VV ff on VV such that one of the following equivalent conditions holds:

  • •

    ff is locally the real part of a holomorphic function.

  • •

    Given a local embedding V→ℂNV\to\mathbb{C}^{N}, ff extends locally to a pluriharmonic function on ℂN\mathbb{C}^{N}.

  • •

    f|Vr​e​gf|_{V^{reg}} is pluriharmonic.

Semi-Kähler currents

Definition 5.7.

A semi-Kähler, resp. Kähler, resp. smooth Kähler, potential on VV is a family (Ui,φi)i∈I(U_{i},\varphi_{i})_{i\in I} where (Ui)(U_{i}) is an open covering of VV and φi\varphi_{i} a psh function, resp. a strongly psh function, resp. a 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}-smooth strongly psh function, on UiU_{i} such that φi−φj\varphi_{i}-\varphi_{j} is pluriharmonic on Ui∩UjU_{i}\cap U_{j}.

Define an equivalence relation on semi-kähler potentials requiring that (Ui,φi)∼(Vj,ψj)(U_{i},\varphi_{i})\sim(V_{j},\psi_{j}) iff φi−ψj\varphi_{i}-\psi_{j} is pluriharmonic on Ui∩VjU_{i}\cap V_{j}.

Definition 5.8.

A smooth Kähler metric Ω\Omega on VV is a ∼\sim-equivalence class of smooth Kähler potentials. A semi-Kähler (resp. Kähler) current on VV is a ∼\sim-equivalence class of semi-Kähler (resp. Kähler) potentials.

A semi-Kähler current Ω=(Ui,φi)i∈Imod∼\Omega=(U_{i},\varphi_{i})_{i\in I}\mod\sim is said to have Ll​o​c∞L_{loc}^{\infty} (resp. 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}, resp. Hölder continuous) potentials iff each φi\varphi_{i} is Ll​o​c∞L_{loc}^{\infty} (resp. 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}, resp. Hölder continuous).

We will on occasion drop the requirement that the local potentials of Ω\Omega are psh, replacing it by the requirement that they are locally the sum of a smooth and a psh function. The current Ω\Omega will then be called a quasi positive closed current on VV.

If it has locally bounded potentials, Ω\Omega is fully determined by the closed (1,1)(1,1) form Ωr​e​g\Omega_{reg} on Vr​e​gV_{reg} defined on UiU_{i} by Ωr​e​g=d​dc​φi\Omega_{reg}=dd^{c}\varphi_{i}.

Let Ω\Omega be a smooth Kähler metric on VV with Kähler potential (Ui,φi)(U_{i},\varphi_{i}). An upper semi-continuous function φ:X→ℝ∪−∞\varphi:X\to\mathbb{R}\cup{-\infty} is said to be Ω\Omega-psh iff ∀i\forall i φi+φ\varphi_{i}+\varphi is psh on UiU_{i}. The semi-Kähler current whose potential is (Ui,φ+φi)(U_{i},\varphi+\varphi_{i}) is denoted by Ω+d​dc​φ\Omega+dd^{c}\varphi.

Example 5.9.

Let V=ℂ2/±1V=\mathbb{C}^{2}/{\pm 1}. Let (x,y)(x,y) be the usual affine coordinates on ℂ2\mathbb{C}^{2}, (u,v,w)(u,v,w) those on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3}. The formulas u=x2,v=y2,w=x​yu=x^{2},\ v=y^{2},\ w=xy realize VV as the closed subscheme of ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3} whose equation is u​v−w2=0uv-w^{2}=0. We have two ‘natural’Kähler metrics on VV, the first one is smooth with potential φ1=|u|2+|v|2+|w|2\varphi^{1}=|u|^{2}+|v|^{2}+|w|^{2}, induced by the euclidean Kähler metric of ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3}, the second one is the Kähler current whose potential is φ2=|u|+|v|\varphi^{2}=|u|+|v|. On Vr​e​gV^{reg} it is the quotient of the euclidean metric restricted to ℂ2−{0}\mathbb{C}^{2}-\{0\}. Near 00, d​dc​φ2≫d​dc​φ1dd^{c}\varphi^{2}\gg dd^{c}\varphi^{1}.

The metric d​dc​φ2dd^{c}\varphi^{2} is an example of an orbifold Kähler metric on VV. The results of [Y] extend without major modifications to Kähler orbifolds. For instance, in each Kähler class of a nodal K3 surface there is a unique Ricci flat orbifold metric.

Chern-Weil forms and hermitian metrics

Let 𝒫​ℋV\mathcal{PH}_{V} be the sheaf of real-valued pluriharmonic functions on VV. By definition, a closed (1,1)-form on VV is a section of the sheaf 𝒞V∞/𝒫​ℋV{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}_{V}/\mathcal{PH}_{V}. We have the exact sequence:

𝒞∞​(V)→Γ⁡(V,𝒞V∞/𝒫​ℋV)⟶[.]H1​(V,𝒫​ℋV)→0.{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}(V)\to\Gamma(V,{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}_{V}/\mathcal{PH}_{V})\mathrel{\mathop{\kern 0.0pt\longrightarrow}\limits^{[\ \ .\ \ ]}}H^{1}(V,\mathcal{PH}_{V})\to 0.

A class in H1​(X,𝒫​ℋX)H^{1}(X,\mathcal{PH}_{X}) will be called Kähler, if it is in the [.][\ \ .\ \ ] image of a smooth Kähler metric.

Remark 5.10.

Assume XX is smooth. A class [ω][\omega] in H1​(X,𝒫​ℋX)H^{1}(X,\mathcal{PH}_{X}) will be called numerically base point free iff there exists a proper surjective holomorphic mapping X→YX\to Y, YY normal, such that [ω][\omega] is the pull back of a Kähler class on YY. This is a stronger condition than being semi-Kähler.

In the non-big case (i.e.: ∫Xωn=0\int_{X}\omega^{n}=0), it is straightforward to construct semi-Kähler classes that are not numerically base point free (e.g. on complex tori). On the other hand, it is still unknown whether there exists a smooth projective variety XX and a semi-Kähler form ω\omega which is big without being numerically base point free.

Let LL be a holomorphic line bundle on VV. The notion of smooth hermitian metric on (V,L)(V,L) is defined as in the smooth case. Let hh be such a metric on (V,L)(V,L).

Let s∈H0​(U,L)s\in H^{0}(U,L) be a nowhere zero local holomorphic section of LL (a local generator of LL) defined over the open subset U⊂VU\subset V. Set e−φs:=‖s‖h2e^{-\varphi_{s}}:=||s||_{h}^{2}, where φs\varphi_{s} is a 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}-smooth function on UU. The current d​dc​φsdd^{c}\varphi_{s} is a smooth closed (1,1)-form on VV which does not depend on ss; it is a semi-Kähler current if φs\varphi_{s} is psh.

More generally, let (Ui)i(U_{i})_{i} be an open covering of VV and si∈H0​(Ui,𝒪V​(L))s_{i}\in H^{0}(U_{i},\mathcal{O}_{V}(L)) a local generator of LL. Let φi=φsi\varphi_{i}=\varphi_{s_{i}}. The datum (Ui,φi)(U_{i},\varphi_{i}) defines a smooth closed (1,1)-form on VV.

Definition 5.11.

The Chern-Weil form of (V,L,h)(V,L,h) (or of hh) is the ∼\sim-equivalence class of the data (Ui,φi)(U_{i},\varphi_{i}) constructed above. We will denote it by c1​(L,h)c_{1}(L,h).

It is immediate that [c1​(L,h)][c_{1}(L,h)] is independent of hh. Hence there is a linear map c1:P​i​c​(V)→H1​(V,𝒫​ℋV)c_{1}:Pic(V)\to H^{1}(V,\mathcal{PH}_{V}). The connection with the more widely known smooth case is made by the observation that, if XX is a compact Kähler manifold, H1,1​(X,ℝ)=H1​(X,𝒫​ℋX)H^{1,1}(X,\mathbb{R})=H^{1}(X,\mathcal{PH}_{X}).

Proposition 5.12.

Let VV a compact normal complex analytic variety.

The space H1​(V,𝒫​ℋV)H^{1}(V,\mathcal{PH}_{V}) is finite dimensional.

Let LL a holomorphic line bundle on VV. Every representative of c1​(L)c_{1}(L) in H1​(V,𝒫​ℋV)H^{1}(V,\mathcal{PH}_{V}) is the Chern-Weil form of a smooth hermitian on LL.

If there exists a smooth hermitian metric hh such that c1​(L,h)c_{1}(L,h) is Kähler, then VV is projective-algebraic and LL is ample.

Proof.

The most difficult task is to show that, in the last assertion, VV is Moishezon. This follows from Siu’s solution of the Grauert-Riemenschneider conjecture [Siu]. ∎

A singular metric on LL is an expression h=e−φ​hs​mh=e^{-\varphi}h_{sm}, φ\varphi being a locally smooth + psh function and hs​mh_{sm} a smooth hermitian metric. Its Chern-Weil form is the quasi-positive current c1​(L,hs​m)+d​dc​φc_{1}(L,h_{sm})+dd^{c}\varphi.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.