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6.2. Adapted measures on log terminal Kähler spaces [02FB]

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6.2. Adapted measures on log terminal Kähler spaces

Let VV be a nn-dimensional Gorenstein Kähler space and Ω\Omega be a smooth Kähler form on VV. Fix x∈Vx\in V and let α\alpha be a local generator of ωV\omega_{V} defined over an open subset x∈Ux\in U; then v=cn​α∧α¯v=c_{n}\alpha\wedge\bar{\alpha} is a positive definite volume form on Ur​e​gU^{reg}, for an appropriate choice of the constant cn=−1n​(−1)n⁡(n+1)2c_{n}=\sqrt{-1}^{n}(-1)^{\frac{n(n+1)}{2}}.

When VV is merely ℚ\mathbb{Q}-Gorenstein of finite index NN, we choose β\beta a local generator of ωV[N]\omega_{V}^{[N]} defined over an open subset x∈Ux\in U and we set

v=vβ=(−1N​n​(−1)N​n⁡(n+1)2​β∧β¯)1N.v=v_{\beta}=\left(\sqrt{-1}^{Nn}(-1)^{N\frac{n(n+1)}{2}}\beta\wedge\bar{\beta}\right)^{\frac{1}{N}}.

This is a positive definite volume form on Ur​e​gU^{reg}.

Our next observation is that log terminal singularities are the worst singularities we can allow in order to globally solve Monge-Ampère equations associated to volume forms on VV.

Lemma 6.4.

For every U1⊂⊂UU_{1}\subset\subset U, ∫U1r​e​gv<∞\int_{U_{1}^{reg}}v<\infty iff XX is log terminal.

If VV is log terminal, then the Radon measure μ=j∗​v\mu=j_{*}v satisfies μ=f​Ωn\mu=f\Omega^{n} with f∈L1+ε​(U1,Ωn)f\in L^{1+\varepsilon}(U_{1},\Omega^{n}) for some ε>0\varepsilon>0.

Proof.

Let π:X→V\pi:X\to V be a log resolution. Write KX≅π∗​KV+∑aE​EK_{X}\cong\pi^{*}K_{V}+\displaystyle\sum a_{E}E. Since e​x​c​(π)exc(\pi) has simple normal crossings, at every P∈E=e​x​c​(π)P\in E=exc(\pi) there are local coordinates (zi)i=1,…,n(z^{i})_{i=1,...,n} such that EE is described by the equation z1​…​zq=0z^{1}\ldots z^{q}=0. Let EjE_{j} be the divisor zj=0z_{j}=0. We have: π∗​v=∏j=1q|zj|2​aEj​d​λ\pi^{*}v=\prod_{j=1}^{q}|z^{j}|^{2a_{E_{j}}}d\lambda where d​λd\lambda is a Lebesgue measure on XX, hence the measure π∗​v\pi^{*}v has finite mass near PP iff ∀j,aEj>−1\forall j,a_{E_{j}}>-1. Thus ∫U1r​e​gv<∞\int_{U_{1}^{reg}}v<\infty iff ∀E,aE>−1\forall E,\ a_{E}>-1.

Let f1f_{1} be the density of π∗​v\pi^{*}v with respect to d​λd\lambda. Since f1f_{1} is comparable to ∏j=1q|zj|2​aEj\prod_{j=1}^{q}|z^{j}|^{2a_{E_{j}}} near PP, it follows that f1f_{1} belongs actually to Lp​(X,d​λ)L^{p}(X,d\lambda) for some p>1p>1 when XX is log terminal.

Let D=1/fD=1/f be the density of Ωn\Omega^{n} with respect to vv. We will see here below that DD is bounded but it might have zeroes on EE, hence ff is unbounded in general. However we will show that f∘π∈Lα​(X,d​λ)f\circ\pi\in L^{\alpha}(X,d\lambda) for α>0\alpha>0 small enough, hence it follows from Hölder’s inequality (as in the proof of lemma 3.2) that

∫U1r​e​gf1+ε​Ωn=∫π−1​U1r​e​gfε​f1​𝑑λ<+∞\int_{U_{1}^{reg}}f^{1+\varepsilon}\Omega^{n}=\int_{\pi^{-1}U_{1}^{reg}}f^{\varepsilon}f_{1}d\lambda<+\infty

if ε>0\varepsilon>0 is small enough.

Fix x∈Vx\in V and let i:Ux→ℂmi:U_{x}\to\mathbb{C}^{m} be a local embedding of a neighborhood UxU_{x} of xx. We consider the (mn)\left(\begin{array}[]{c}m\\ n\end{array}\right) nn-forms on Uxr​e​gU_{x}^{reg} d​uI=d​ui1∧…​d​uindu^{I}=du^{i_{1}}\wedge\ldots du^{i_{n}}, where (ui)(u^{i}) is a set of affine coordinates on ℂm\mathbb{C}^{m}. Observe that Ωn\Omega^{n} is comparable to ∑Ivd​uI\sum_{I}v_{du^{I}} 1111 11 Note that the formula for vβv_{\beta} makes sense even if β\beta is not a local generator.. Since β\beta is a local generator at xx of ωV[N]\omega_{V}^{[N]}, we have (d​uI)N=fI​β(du^{I})^{N}=f_{I}\beta where fI∈𝒪V,xf_{I}\in\mathcal{O}_{V,x} is the germ of an holomorphic function at xx. Therefore Ωn\Omega^{n} is comparable to ∑I|fI|2N​v\sum_{I}|f_{I}|^{\frac{2}{N}}v, hence DD is comparable to [∑I|fI|2N]−1[\sum_{I}|f_{I}|^{\frac{2}{N}}]^{-1} near xx.

The functions (fI)(f_{I}) generate an ideal ℐx⊂𝒪V,x\mathcal{I}_{x}\subset\mathcal{O}_{V,x}. Actually, the construction can be globalized to provide a coherent ideal sheaf ℐ⊂𝒪V\mathcal{I}\subset\mathcal{O}_{V} cosupported on Vs​i​n​gV^{sing}.

We may assume [Hi] that π:X→V\pi:X\to V is a log resolution of (V,ℐ)(V,\mathcal{I}), namely a log resolution of VV with the additional property that the ideal sheaf π−1​ℐ.𝒪X\pi^{-1}\mathcal{I}.\mathcal{O}_{X} which is the ideal sheaf of 𝒪X\mathcal{O}_{X} generated by the family of holomorphic functions (π∗​fI)I(\pi^{*}f_{I})_{I}, satisfies π−1ℐ.𝒪X=𝒪X(−∑NbEE)⊂𝒪X\pi^{-1}\mathcal{I}.\mathcal{O}_{X}=\mathcal{O}_{X}(-\sum Nb_{E}E)\subset\mathcal{O}_{X} where N.bE∈ℕN.b_{E}\in\mathbb{N} is a positive multiplicity attached to any exceptional divisor of π\pi.

In local coordinates near P∈XP\in X, π∗​D\pi^{*}D is comparable to ∏j|zj|2​bEj\prod_{j}|z_{j}|^{2b_{E_{j}}}, hence π∗​(f1​D−ε)​ is comparable to ​∏j|zj|2​(aEj−ε​bEj).\pi^{*}(f_{1}D^{-\varepsilon})\text{ is comparable to }\prod_{j}|z_{j}|^{2(a_{E_{j}}-\varepsilon b_{E_{j}})}. It follows that for every relatively compact subset U1⊂⊂U,f∈L1+ε​(U1,Ωn)U_{1}\subset\subset U,\ \ f\in L^{1+\varepsilon}(U_{1},\Omega^{n}) iff ∀E,π⁡(E)∩U≠∅⇒aE−ε​bE>−1\forall E,\ \ \pi(E)\cap U\not=\emptyset\Rightarrow a_{E}-\varepsilon b_{E}>-1. ∎

Definition 6.5.

Assume VV has only log terminal singularities. A positive definite adapted measure on VV is a positive Radon measure locally of the form ef.ve^{f}.v where ff is a bounded measurable function. A positive definite adapted measure has 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}, 𝒞α{\mathcal{C}}^{\alpha}, 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty} density if so is ff.

Remark 6.6.

It follows from lemma 6.4 that if VV is ℚ\mathbb{Q}-Gorenstein but has non log terminal singularities, vv is a volume form on Vr​e​gV^{reg} but does not extend to a measure on VV.

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