6. Adapted volume forms [02F5]
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6. Adapted volume forms
6.1. Monge-Ampère equations on normal Kähler spaces
Let be a smooth Kähler metric on . A classical result of P. Lelong states that if is relatively compact in , then is of finite volume with respect to the smooth volume form .
This has been generalized by E.Bedford and A.Taylor in [BT], where the authors study Monge-Ampère measures for locally bounded psh functions. Since these measures do not charge proper analytic subsets, we obtain:
Proposition 6.1.
Let be a semi-Kähler current with potentials on . The Monge-Ampère measure is well defined on and satisfies
For any resolution , the Monge-Ampère measure is well defined on and satisfies . Moreover if is a resolution dominating (i.e. for some bimeromorphic proper holomorphic map ), then .
The measure is thus well defined on and independent of the choice of resolution. We will call it the Monge-Ampère measure of and denote it by . The mass of this measure only depends on the cohomology class of , as follows again from [BT]:
Lemma 6.2.
Assume is compact. Let two semi Kähler currents with potentiel on . If they are cohomologous, i.e. for some , then .
We can now reformulate some of our previous results.
Theorem 6.3.
Let be a -dimensional compact normal Kähler space and be a smooth Kähler form on . Then for every , , such that , there is a unique such that
Proof.
Let be a resolution of . We may define a semipositive big smooth form on by . By Theorem 2.1 and Proposition 3.1 we can solve uniquely where is a continuous function on such that is semipositive. Let be a fiber of and the inclusion map. is connected by Zariski’s main theorem. Furthermore is semipositive on . Since , it follows that is a continuous psh function on . Hence is constant. This implies that where is a continuous function on . We do have . ∎
6.2. Adapted measures on log terminal Kähler spaces
Let be a -dimensional Gorenstein Kähler space and be a smooth Kähler form on . Fix and let be a local generator of defined over an open subset ; then is a positive definite volume form on , for an appropriate choice of the constant .
When is merely -Gorenstein of finite index , we choose a local generator of defined over an open subset and we set
This is a positive definite volume form on .
Our next observation is that log terminal singularities are the worst singularities we can allow in order to globally solve Monge-Ampère equations associated to volume forms on .
Lemma 6.4.
For every , iff is log terminal.
If is log terminal, then the Radon measure satisfies with for some .
Proof.
Let be a log resolution. Write . Since has simple normal crossings, at every there are local coordinates such that is described by the equation . Let be the divisor . We have: where is a Lebesgue measure on , hence the measure has finite mass near iff . Thus iff .
Let be the density of with respect to . Since is comparable to near , it follows that belongs actually to for some when is log terminal.
Let be the density of with respect to . We will see here below that is bounded but it might have zeroes on , hence is unbounded in general. However we will show that for small enough, hence it follows from Hölder’s inequality (as in the proof of lemma 3.2) that
if is small enough.
Fix and let be a local embedding of a neighborhood of . We consider the -forms on , where is a set of affine coordinates on . Observe that is comparable to 1111 11 Note that the formula for makes sense even if is not a local generator.. Since is a local generator at of , we have where is the germ of an holomorphic function at . Therefore is comparable to , hence is comparable to near .
The functions generate an ideal . Actually, the construction can be globalized to provide a coherent ideal sheaf cosupported on .
We may assume [Hi] that is a log resolution of , namely a log resolution of with the additional property that the ideal sheaf which is the ideal sheaf of generated by the family of holomorphic functions , satisfies where is a positive multiplicity attached to any exceptional divisor of .
In local coordinates near , is comparable to , hence It follows that for every relatively compact subset iff . ∎
Definition 6.5.
Assume has only log terminal singularities. A positive definite adapted measure on is a positive Radon measure locally of the form where is a bounded measurable function. A positive definite adapted measure has , , density if so is .
Remark 6.6.
It follows from lemma 6.4 that if is -Gorenstein but has non log terminal singularities, is a volume form on but does not extend to a measure on .
6.3. Adapted volume forms for klt Kähler pairs
We will be briefer since pairs are mainly of interest to MMP practitioners. The key definition for us will be:
Definition 6.7.
A pair is klt iff is -Cartier and if for any log-resolution of , we have the numerical equivalence of Cartier divisors:
with , the proper transform of in (same multiplicities) and is an integer such that is Cartier.
Thus a variety has only klt singularities iff is klt.
Let be a local generator of . Then can be viewed as a meromorphic N-canonical form with a pole of order on where is the decomposition of into prime divisors. Thus defines a volume form with poles on , namely is comparable to , where denotes the canonical section of . If is a finite measure then , but the converse is not true. We have the following staightforward extension of lemma 6.4:
Lemma 6.8.
Let be the canonical inclusion. is a well defined Radon measure on iff is klt.
The definition of an adapted measure for a klt pair is left to the reader.