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3.4. Formal reduction of the general case to the second case using smooth orbifolds [02E7]

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3.4. Formal reduction of the general case to the second case using smooth orbifolds

In order to carry out the present argument, which in essence is just a change of variables z↝ζ=z1/mz\rightsquigarrow\zeta=z^{1/m}, we need to use analysis on certain smooth orbifolds. We will not give complete definitions since they are in the recent reference [BGK], section 2 pp. 560-564, see also [MO] and the references therein.

Let (X,Δ)(X,\Delta) be a smooth orbifold pair. By this we mean that we have the prime decomposition Δ=∑i(1−mi−1)​Ei\Delta=\sum_{i}(1-m_{i}^{-1})E_{i} where mi∈ℕ∗m_{i}\in\mathbb{N}^{*} is an integer. We assume that s​u​p​p​(Δ)supp(\Delta) is a simple normal crossing divisor. Then, a classical construction surveyed in [BGK] enables to construct an orbifold [X,Δ][X,\Delta] with a 11-morphism of orbifolds c:[X,Δ]→Xc:[X,\Delta]\to X with the following properties:

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    cc is the reduction to the coarse moduli space of [X,Δ][X,\Delta].

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    cX−S​u​p​p​(Δ):U:=[X,Δ]×X→X−Supp(Δ)c_{X-Supp(\Delta)}:U:=[X,\Delta]\times_{X}\to X-Supp(\Delta) is an isomorphism. Hence UU is an open suborbifold of [X,Δ][X,\Delta] which is an old-fashioned manifold).

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    For every open polydisk 𝔻⊂X\mathbb{D}\subset X with local coordinates z1,…,znz_{1},\ldots,z_{n} such that Supp(Δ)={∏j=1pzj=0}Supp(\Delta)=\{\prod_{j=1}^{p}z_{j}=0\} [X,Δ]×X𝔻=[𝔻′/Gl​o​c][X,\Delta]\times_{X}\mathbb{D}=[\mathbb{D}^{\prime}/G_{loc}].

    In this formula, the local isotropy group is Gl​o​c=∏j=1pℤ/mj​ℤG_{loc}=\prod_{j=1}^{p}\mathbb{Z}/m_{j}\mathbb{Z}, mjm_{j} is the integer multiplicity of the divisor EijE_{i_{j}} such that Eij∩𝔻={zj=0}E_{i_{j}}\cap\mathbb{D}=\{z_{j}=0\}, Gl​o​cG_{loc} acts on the polydisk 𝔻′\mathbb{D}^{\prime} by (ζ1,…,ζp).(z1′,…,zn′)=(ζ1​z1′,…,ζp​zp′,zp+1′,…)(\zeta_{1},...,\zeta_{p}).(z^{\prime}_{1},...,z^{\prime}_{n})=(\zeta_{1}z^{\prime}_{1},...,\zeta_{p}z^{\prime}_{p},z_{p+1}^{\prime},...) 99 9 The usual isomorphism of ℤ/m​ℤ\mathbb{Z}/m\mathbb{Z} with the group of mm-th root of unity is used..

    The orbifold 11-morphism [𝔻′/Gl​o​c]→𝔻[\mathbb{D}^{\prime}/G_{loc}]\to\mathbb{D} is induced by ϰl​o​c:(z1′,..,zn′)↦((z1′)m1,…)\varkappa_{loc}:(z^{\prime}_{1},..,z^{\prime}_{n})\mapsto((z^{\prime}_{1})^{m_{1}},...).

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    For sufficiently divisible ss, c∗​𝒪[X,Δ]​(s​K[X,Δ])=𝒪X​(s⁡(KX+Δ))c_{*}\mathcal{O}_{[X,\Delta]}(sK_{[X,\Delta]})=\mathcal{O}_{X}(s(K_{X}+\Delta)).

It is possible to define all the basic concepts of Kähler geometry on orbifolds such as smooth functions, Kähler metrics, etc… The principle is to think of ϰl​o​c−1\varkappa_{loc}^{-1} as a (multivalued) smooth coordinate chart.

A continuous function on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] is a continuous function on XX. A Radon measure on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] is a Radon measure on XX.

A smooth function ff on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] is a continuous function on XX such that for every local chart ϰl​o​c∗​f\varkappa_{loc}^{*}f is smooth. In particular ff is Hölder continuous.

A Kähler metric Ω[X,Δ]\Omega_{[X,\Delta]} on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] is a Kähler metric ΩX−S​u​p​p​(Δ)\Omega_{X-Supp(\Delta)} on X−S​u​p​p​(Δ)X-Supp(\Delta) with the property that ϰl​o​c∗​Ω\varkappa_{loc}^{*}\Omega extends to a smooth Kähler metric on 𝔻′\mathbb{D}^{\prime}. In particular, it also extends as a closed Kähler current on XX with Hölder potentials.

The pull back of a Kähler form on XX to [X,Δ][X,\Delta] is a semi-Kähler form that is actually cohomologous to a Kähler class1010 10 Here no reference can be given. But it is easy to extend the gluing methods for Kähler forms developed in [Dem 3] and [Pa] to orbifolds. Hence [DP] extends to Kähler orbifolds. .

Observe that ϰl​o​c∗​d​zl=mil​(zl′)mil−1​d​zl′\varkappa^{*}_{loc}dz_{l}=m_{i_{l}}(z^{\prime}_{l})^{m_{i_{l}}-1}dz^{\prime}_{l}, hence a smooth volume form on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] can be interpreted as a volume form vv on X−S​u​p​p​(Δ)X-Supp(\Delta) such that

v​ is comparable to ​∏l=1n(−1​d​zl∧d​z¯l)∏l=1p|zl|2​(1−1/mil).v\text{ is comparable to }\frac{{\prod_{l=1}^{n}(\sqrt{-1}dz_{l}\wedge d\bar{z}_{l})}}{\prod_{l=1}^{p}|z_{l}|^{2(1-1/m_{i_{l}})}}.

In case the pair (X,l−1​(t1))(X,l^{-1}(t_{1})) is an orbifold pair, the equation

(5) (ωo+d​dc​φt)n=Ct​|s1|2​k+…+|sp|2​k|t1|2​l​eF​ΩXn(\omega_{o}+dd^{c}\varphi_{t})^{n}=C_{t}\frac{|s_{1}|^{2k}+\ldots+|s_{p}|^{2k}}{|t_{1}|^{2l}}e^{F}\Omega_{X}^{n}

can be interpreted on [X,Δ][X,\Delta] as an equation of the form

(c∗​ωo+d​dc​φt)n=Ct​(|s1|2​k+…+|sp|2​k)​eF​Ω[X,Δ]n.(c^{*}\omega_{o}+dd^{c}\varphi_{t})^{n}=C_{t}(|s_{1}|^{2k}+\ldots+|s_{p}|^{2k})e^{F}\Omega_{[X,\Delta]}^{n}.

The method used to analyze the case where ∩i{ti=0}=∅\cap_{i}\{t_{i}=0\}=\emptyset extends with almost no changes to the orbifold case. Hence the unique continuous solution of equation (5) is smooth outside its singular locus if (X,1l​(t1))(X,\frac{1}{l}(t_{1})) is an orbifold pair.

Under the more general hypothesis that ∫X|t1|−2​l<∞\int_{X}|t_{1}|^{-2l}<\infty and 1l​(t1)\frac{1}{l}(t_{1}) is a divisor with simple normal crossings, then we can construct an orbifold pair (X,Δ)(X,\Delta) with 0≤1l​(t1)≤Δ0\leq\frac{1}{l}(t_{1})\leq\Delta and we are back to the previous case.

For the most general case, consider the ideal ℐ\mathcal{I} generated by the tit_{i} and fix μ:X′→X\mu:X^{\prime}\to X a log resolution of (X,ℐ)(X,\mathcal{I}). Then we are back to the previous case, with an equation on X′X^{\prime} . This ends the proof of Theorem 3.6.

In certain rare circumstances, there is a finite smooth covering Y→XY\to X such that Y/G=XY/G=X and [Y/G]=[X,Δ][Y/G]=[X,\Delta] and the argument we use here reduces to a GG-equivariant argument on YY.

Remarks 3.8.

If we start with ωo\omega_{o} Kähler, and the log-resolution is non trivial, μ∗​ωo\mu^{*}\omega_{o} is not Kähler anymore.

This method that dates back to [Ko] can be used to prove a variant of [Y], Theorem 7 p. 399 where the divisor of s2s_{2} is a simple normal crossing divisor, under the sole assumption that ∫M|s2|−2​k2<∞\int_{M}|s_{2}|^{-2k_{2}}<\infty.

Now, it could not have been used to prove Theorem 8 p. 403 in 1978 since log-resolutions force the use of Monge-Ampère equations with degenerate L.H.S, for which the 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}-estimate proved here was not available then.

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