ScalingStacks

The simplest case [02E4]

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The simplest case

First, assume ∩i{si=0}∪∩i{ti=0}=∅\cap_{i}\{s_{i}=0\}\cup\cap_{i}\{t_{i}=0\}=\emptyset. Hence the family of equations under consideration can be rewritten as:

(ωo+t​Ω+d​dc​φt)n=Ct​eF​Ωn,(\omega_{o}+t\Omega+dd^{c}\varphi_{t})^{n}=C_{t}e^{F}\Omega^{n},

FF being smooth.

Tsuji’s trick is as follows. By Kodaira’s lemma, there exists EE an effective Cartier divisor of XX such that [ωo]=[κε]+ε⁡[E][\omega_{o}]=[\kappa_{\varepsilon}]+\varepsilon[E] where [κε][\kappa_{\varepsilon}] is ample, hence we may choose a representative κε\kappa_{\varepsilon} which is a Kähler form for every ε>0\varepsilon>0 small enough. We may actually assume EE contains BB and use a family of EE such that ∩S​u​p​p​(E)=B\cap Supp(E)=B, by Nakamaye’s theorem on base loci [Na].

Actually, despite the notation, it will NOT be necessary to let ε\varepsilon decrease to 00 66 6 This technical device could be useful to study finer regularity results and we will fix once for all such an ε>0\varepsilon>0.

Let σ∈H0​(X,𝒪X​(E))\sigma\in H^{0}(X,\mathcal{O}_{X}(E)) be the canonical section vanishing on EE with the appropriate multiplicity. We can fix a smooth hermitian metric on this line bundle such that the Poincaré Lelong equation holds,

ωo=κε+ε⁡[E]−ε​d​dc​log⁡|σ|2.\omega_{o}=\kappa_{\varepsilon}+\varepsilon[E]-\varepsilon dd^{c}\log|\sigma|^{2}.

The function φt:=φt−ε​log⁡|σ|2\varphi_{t}:=\varphi_{t}-\varepsilon\log|\sigma|^{2} is smooth in X∖EX\setminus E and is a classical solution to the PDE

(κε+t​Ω+d​dc​φt)n=eFε,t​(κε+t​Ω)n,(\kappa_{\varepsilon}+t\Omega+dd^{c}\varphi_{t})^{n}=e^{F_{\varepsilon,t}}(\kappa_{\varepsilon}+t\Omega)^{n},

where (Fε,t)1≥t>0(F_{\varepsilon,t})_{1\geq t>0} is uniformly bounded in the 𝒞∞​(X){\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}(X)-topology of functions and κt=κε+t​Ω\kappa_{t}=\kappa_{\varepsilon}+t\Omega is uniformly bounded in the 𝒞∞{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}-topology of Kähler forms on XX.

We can use the result of the calculation in [Y], section 2. The important formula is (2.22) p. 351 and in a subsidiary fashion (2.21). In these formulae, at each point p∈X−Ep\in X-E, an adequate system of normal coordinates for κt\kappa_{t} is constructed and comparing the notations here and there, we substitute nn for mm, κt\kappa_{t} for gi​j¯g_{i\bar{j}}, κt+d​dc​φt\kappa_{t}+dd^{c}\varphi_{t} for gi​j¯′g_{i\bar{j}}^{\prime}, φt\varphi_{t} for φ\varphi and Fε,tF_{\varepsilon,t} for FF. The operator Δ\Delta is the Laplace operator (with the analyst’s sign) of κt\kappa_{t} and Δ′\Delta^{\prime} the Laplace operator of κt+d​dc​φt\kappa_{t}+dd^{c}\varphi_{t}. Also Ri​i¯​l​l¯=Ri​i¯​l​l¯tR_{i\bar{i}l\bar{l}}=R^{t}_{i\bar{i}l\bar{l}} is the holomorphic bissectional curvature of κt\kappa_{t} expressed in the above system of normal coordinates.

Since κt\kappa_{t} is uniformly bounded in the 𝒞2{\mathcal{C}}^{2} topology of Kähler forms then certainly there is constant C=CεC=C_{\varepsilon} independent of tt such that (2.21) holds and C′C^{\prime} also independent of tt such that C′>infRi​i¯​l​l¯tC^{\prime}>\inf R^{t}_{i\bar{i}l\bar{l}}.

After these substitutions are made, (2.22) p. 351 reads:

eC​φt​Δ′​(e−C​φt​(n+Δ​φt))≥Δ⁡(Fε,t)−n2​C′−C​n​(n+Δ​φt)+e−Fε,tn−1​(n+Δ​φt)nn−1e^{C\varphi_{t}}\Delta^{\prime}(e^{-C\varphi_{t}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t}))\geq\Delta(F_{\varepsilon,t})-n^{2}C^{\prime}-Cn(n+\Delta\varphi_{t})+e^{-\frac{F_{\varepsilon,t}}{n-1}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t})^{\frac{n}{n-1}}

We can fix constants CiC_{i} independent of tt such that

ΔFε,t≥C1 and e−Fε,t/n−1≥C3>0.\Delta F_{\varepsilon,t}\geq C_{1}\;\;\;\;\text{ and }\;\;\;\;e^{-F_{\varepsilon,t}/n-1}\geq C_{3}>0.

Thus setting y=n+Δ​φty=n+\Delta\varphi_{t} yields

eC​φt​Δ′​(e−C​φt​(n+Δ​φt))≥C5+C6​y+eC7​ymm−1.e^{C\varphi_{t}}\Delta^{\prime}(e^{-C\varphi_{t}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t}))\geq C_{5}+C_{6}y+e^{C_{7}}y^{\frac{m}{m-1}}.

Now by definition

e−C​φt​(n+Δ​φt)=|σ|+C​ε​e−C​φt​(n+Δ​φt+ε​Δ​log⁡|σ|2).e^{-C\varphi_{t}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t})=|\sigma|^{+C\varepsilon}e^{-C\varphi_{t}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t}+\varepsilon\Delta\log|\sigma|^{2}).

For each t>0t>0 the functions φt\varphi_{t}, ε​Δ​log⁡|σ|2\varepsilon\Delta\log|\sigma|^{2} and Δ​φt\Delta\varphi_{t} are bounded on XX. Hence the positive function e−C​φt​(n+Δ​φt)e^{-C\varphi_{t}}(n+\Delta\varphi_{t}) is continuous on XX, vanishes on EE and is smooth on X−EX-E. Its maximum is achieved at some point pt∉Ep_{t}\not\in E. It follows from the maximum principle that

0≥C5+C6​y+eC7​ynn−1​ at point ​y=y⁡(pt).0\geq C_{5}+C_{6}y+e^{C_{7}}y^{\frac{n}{n-1}}\text{ at point }y=y(p_{t}).

Therefore y≤C8y\leq C_{8} with a constant independent of t>0t>0. Now e−C​φt​(pt)=|σ⁡(pt)|+C​ε​e−C​φt​(pt)e^{-C\varphi_{t}(p_{t})}=|\sigma(p_{t})|^{+C\varepsilon}e^{-C\varphi_{t}(p_{t})}. Using the uniform 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0} estimate for φt\varphi_{t}, we get 0≤(n+Δt​φt)≤C9​e+C​φt0\leq(n+\Delta_{t}\varphi_{t})\leq C_{9}e^{+C\varphi_{t}}. Since |φt||\varphi_{t}| and ε​Δ​log⁡|σ|2\varepsilon\Delta\log|\sigma|^{2} are uniformly bounded by a constant independent of t>0t>0, we infer

(n+Δt​φt)≤C10​|σ|−C​ε=C10​|σ|−Cε​ε.(n+\Delta_{t}\varphi_{t})\leq C_{10}|\sigma|^{-C\varepsilon}=C_{10}|\sigma|^{-C_{\varepsilon}\varepsilon}.

This yields a tt-independent 𝒞0{\mathcal{C}}^{0}- estimate of d​dc​φtdd^{c}\varphi_{t} on the compact subsets of X−EX-E 77 7 Note that C=CεC=C_{\varepsilon} and that ε​Cε\varepsilon C_{\varepsilon} might blow up as ε\varepsilon goes to 00. .

Standard arguments of the theory of complex Monge-Ampère equations give an interior estimate of φt\varphi_{t} in 𝒞l​o​ck,α​(X−E){\mathcal{C}}^{k,\alpha}_{loc}(X-E) for every k≥2k\geq 2, α∈]0,1[\alpha\in]0,1[ which is independent of t>0t>0 (see for instance Theorem 5.1, p. 15 in [Bl2]). Hence the family (φt)t>0(\varphi_{t})_{t>0} is precompact in every 𝒞l​o​ck,α​(X−E){\mathcal{C}}^{k,\alpha}_{loc}(X-E). Its cluster values are cluster values in 𝒞O​(X−E){\mathcal{C}}^{O}(X-E) hence they are all equal to φ|X−E\varphi|_{X-E}. This implies φ∈𝒞l​o​ck,α​(X−E)\varphi\in{\mathcal{C}}^{k,\alpha}_{loc}(X-E), hence that φ∈𝒞∞​(X−E)\varphi\in{\mathcal{C}}^{\infty}(X-E).

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