1. Weak solutions to Monge-Ampère equations [02D7]
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1. Weak solutions to Monge-Ampère equations
For any Kähler form on and for all , the form is again Kähler on . We are going to extend several results that are known to hold true when is Kähler to the more general setting of semi-positive and big forms.
Recall that the set of -plurisubharmonic functions (-psh for short) is
We refer the reader to [GZ 1] for basic properties of -psh functions. The following subclass has been extensively studied in [GZ 2]:
Definition 1.1.
We let denote the set of -psh functions with finite self-energy: this is the set of functions for which there exists a sequence such that
This class of functions is studied in [GZ 2] when is a Kähler form. We leave it to the reader to check that the basic properties of this class of functions proved in [GZ 2] when is Kähler apply with no modification to the case where is merely semi-positive and big. In particular the complex Monge-Ampère operator is well-defined for , and it is continuous on decreasing sequences of functions in .
We shall need a slightly more general continuity result, which takes into account the dependence in :
Proposition 1.2.
Fix a Kähler form on , and let be a sequence of positive real numbers decreasing to zero. Let be a sequence of functions which decrease pointwise towards , and such that
Then , and .
Proof.
Set . We can assume w.l.o.g. that . Set
Observe that, being fixed, is uniformly bounded and decreases towards as goes to infinity. Therefore , by a classical result of E.Bedford and A.Taylor [BT 82]. Moreover the sequence of positive measures has uniformly bounded mass, since by lemma 7.2 in [GZ 2],
where .
Since is u.s.c., a standard argument yields that any cluster point of the sequence satisfies . In particular
is bounded from above uniformly with respect to . Since decreases towards , this shows .
It remains to show that . Since for any fixed , it is enough to get an upper bound on the mass of in which is uniform in . This follows from Chebyshev inequality, namely
This yields the desired result. ∎
The Monge-Ampère capacity has been studied in [GZ 1],
where is a Borel subset of . Here – and in the sequel – we use the notation . In this article we are interested in measures which are dominated by the Monge-Ampère capacity in the following way:
Definition 1.3.
A probability measure on satisfies condition if for all Borel subset of ,
It has been shown by S.Kolodziej that when is Kähler, a probability measure which satisfies can be written as the Monge-Ampère measure of some continuous -psh function. This is still true when is merely semi-positive and big, and the proof will occupy us until the end of section 2. We start by observing – following [GZ 2] – that is the Monge-Ampère of a function which is not too singular.
Proposition 1.4.
Let be a probability measure on which satisfies condition . Then there exists a unique function s.t.
Proof.
Fix a Kähler form on , and set , where decreases to . We start by showing that .
Fix . We can assume without loss of generality that . It follows from propositions 3.6 and 2.7 in [GZ 1] that there exists a constant independent of such that for all . Since , the measure satisfies . We infer
| (1) |
with an upper-bound which is independent of .
The main result in [GZ 2] guarantees in this case that there exists a unique function such that
where decreases to 1 as goes to infinity.
The normalization implies that the sequence is relatively compact in (see proposition 2.7 in [GZ 1]). Let be a cluster point of . Relabelling if neccessary, we assume in . Note that and (by Hartogs’ lemma, see proposition 2.7, [GZ 1]). We are going to show that and .
Set , where denotes the upper-semi-continuous regularization of . Then with , hence (see proposition 3.2 in [GZ 2]), and decreases towards . For , we have
It follows therefore from an inequality due to J.-P.Demailly [Dem 1] that . Now by (1) and lemma 7.2 in [GZ 2],
is uniformly bounded with respect to thanks to (1).
We infer from proposition 1.2 that and . Thus , but these are two probability measures, whence . The uniqueness of follows from Theorem 7.4, [GZ 2]. ∎
Remark 1.5.
It follows from the work of S.Kolodziej [K 1,2,3] that the ’s are actually continuous functions. Proving however that is continuous is a difficult task and is the goal of the next section.