ScalingStacks

Proof. [02D2]

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Proof.

We define Fi:S3×[i−1,1]F_{i}:S^{3}\times[i^{-1},1], sending (x,t)(x,t) to expfi​(x)⁡((t−i−1)​N​(x))\exp_{f_{i}(x)}((t-i^{-1})N(x)), where N⁡(x)N(x) is the outward normal vector at xx. Consider a Jacobi field J⁡(t)J(t) along a geodesic γx​(t)=Fi​(x,t)\gamma_{x}(t)=F_{i}(x,t). Then since the curvature of gg is uniformly bounded, by Rauch comparison theorem there are constants C1>0C_{1}>0 and δ>0\delta>0 independent of xx and ii such that C1−1​|J⁡(i−1)|g≤|J⁡(t)|g≤C1​i|J⁡(i−1)|gC_{1}^{-1}|J(i^{-1})|_{g}\leq|J(t)|_{g}\leq C_{1}i|J(i^{-1})|_{g} for t∈[i−1,δ]t\in[i^{-1},\delta]. For simplicity of notation we may assume δ=1\delta=1. So for ii large enough FiF_{i} has no critical points in [i−1,1][i^{-1},1]. Indeed FiF_{i} is a diffeomorphism. For otherwise there would be a geodesic loop σ​(s)​(s∈[0,T])\sigma(s)(s\in[0,T]) which is perpendicular to SiS_{i} when s=0s=0 and s=Ts=T. It is then easy to see this could not happen for sufficiently large ii, by passing to a tangent cone.

Now we write Fi∗​g=d​t2+t2​hi​(t)F_{i}^{*}g=dt^{2}+t^{2}h_{i}(t). First we notice that |dg​(0,Fi​(x,t))−t|≤i−1​ϵi|d_{g}(0,F_{i}(x,t))-t|\leq i^{-1}\epsilon_{i}. Now we derive estimates for gi​(t)g_{i}(t). Given a unit tangent vector ξ\xi at x∈S3x\in S^{3}. Let J⁡(t)J(t) be the Jacobi field along γx​(t)\gamma_{x}(t) with J⁡(i−1)=d​fi​(ξ)J(i^{-1})=df_{i}(\xi) and J˙​(i−1)=ASi​(J⁡(i−1))\dot{J}(i^{-1})=A_{S_{i}}(J(i^{-1})). Then J⁡(t)=d​Fi(x,t)​(ξ)J(t)=d{F_{i}}_{(x,t)}(\xi). Clearly ||J⁡(i−1)|g−i−1|≤i−1​ϵi||J(i^{-1})|_{g}-i^{-1}|\leq i^{-1}\epsilon_{i} and |J˙​(i−1)−i​J​(i−1)|g≤2​ϵi|\dot{J}(i^{-1})-iJ(i^{-1})|_{g}\leq 2\epsilon_{i}. Let {e1​(t),⋯,en​(t)=γ˙x​(t)}\{e_{1}(t),\cdots,e_{n}(t)=\dot{\gamma}_{x}(t)\} be an orthonormal frame of parallel vector fields along γx​(t)\gamma_{x}(t), such that J⁡(i−1)=|J⁡(i−1)|g​e1J(i^{-1})=|J(i^{-1})|_{g}e_{1}. Under the decomposition J⁡(t)=∑αJα​(t)​eα​(t)J(t)=\sum_{\alpha}J_{\alpha}(t)e_{\alpha}(t) we have

J¨α​(t)+∑βRα​n​β​n​(γx​(t))​Jβ​(t)=0,\ddot{J}_{\alpha}(t)+\sum_{\beta}R_{\alpha n\beta n}(\gamma_{x}(t))J_{\beta}(t)=0,

where Rα​n​β​n=R⁡(eα,en,eβ,en)R_{\alpha n\beta n}=R(e_{\alpha},e_{n},e_{\beta},e_{n}). From the above discussion we have |J⁡(t)|≤2​C1|J(t)|\leq 2C_{1} for t∈[i−1,1]t\in[i^{-1},1]. So it is easy to see that there is a constant C2>0C_{2}>0 such that

||J⁡(t)|g−t|≤C2​(i−1+ϵi​t+t3).||J(t)|_{g}-t|\leq C_{2}(i^{-1}+\epsilon_{i}t+t^{3}).

Thus

|hi​(t)−h0|Lh0∞≤C2​(i−1​t−1+ϵi+t2).|h_{i}(t)-h_{0}|_{L^{\infty}_{h_{0}}}\leq C_{2}(i^{-1}t^{-1}+\epsilon_{i}+t^{2}).

Now take a unit tangent vector XX at xx, we vary J⁡(i−1)J(i^{-1}) so that ∇X0​J​(i−1)=0\nabla^{0}_{X}J(i^{-1})=0 at xx, and extend XX to a unit tangent vector field in a neighborhood UU of xx in S3S^{3}. We may also view XX as a tangent vector field on U×[i−1,1]U\times[i^{-1},1]. Now we differentiate the Jacobi field equation, and similar arguments as above yield

|∇XJ​(t)|g≤C3​(i−1+ϵi​t+t3),|\nabla_{X}J(t)|_{g}\leq C_{3}(i^{-1}+\epsilon_{i}t+t^{3}),

for a constant C3>0C_{3}>0. This implies that there is a constant C4>0C_{4}>0 such that t−1​|∇0(hi​(t)−h0)|h0≤C4​(i−1​t−2+ϵi​t−1+t).t^{-1}|\nabla^{0}(h_{i}(t)-h_{0})|_{h_{0}}\leq C_{4}(i^{-1}t^{-2}+\epsilon_{i}t^{-1}+t). Similarly one can get bounds on higher derivatives of hi​(t)−h0h_{i}(t)-h_{0}. The point is that for a fixed τ>0\tau>0 as ii goes to infinity we know Fi​(x,t)F_{i}(x,t) converges in C3C^{3} to a limit F∞τ​(x,t)F^{\tau}_{\infty}(x,t) on S3×[τ,1]S^{3}\times[\tau,1]. Then we can let τ→0\tau\rightarrow 0 and obtain a limit F:S3×(0,1]F:S^{3}\times(0,1] with the property that dg​(0,F⁡(x,t))=td_{g}(0,F(x,t))=t, and

t−2​|F∗​g−g0|Cg00+t−1​|F∗​g−g0|Cg01+|​F∗​g−g0|Cg02≤C5,t^{-2}|F^{*}g-g_{0}|_{C^{0}_{g_{0}}}+t^{-1}|F^{*}g-g_{0}|_{C^{1}_{g_{0}}}+|F^{*}g-g_{0}|_{C^{2}_{g_{0}}}\leq C_{5},

for some constant C5>0C_{5}>0. This implies that F∗​gF^{*}g extends to a C1,αC^{1,\alpha} metric on BB. ∎

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