ScalingStacks

2.1.1 Complex coordinates [029V]

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2.1.1 Complex coordinates

Here we work in the neighbourhood of a point in the free orbit X0X_{0}. We can use the group action to define local co-ordinates. So we have complex co-ordinates

τa=12​(ta+i​θa)\tau_{a}=\frac{1}{2}(t_{a}+i\theta_{a})

say. The factor 22 here will simplify the formulae later. Locally the isometry group acts by translations in the θa\theta_{a} directions. (Later, when we work globally, the θa\theta_{a} will become “angular” co-ordinates, with period 4​π4\pi.) Locally, a Kahler metric is given by i​∂∂¯​ϕi\partial\overline{\partial}\phi for a function ϕ\phi of the complex variables τa\tau_{a}. If this function only depends on the real parts tat_{a} then the metric will obviously be invariant under translations in the θa\theta_{a} directions and it is not hard to see that any metric of the kind we are considering arises in this way. Now if we write ϕ=ϕ⁡(ta)\phi=\phi(t_{a}) then the tensor i​∂∂¯​ϕi\partial\overline{\partial}\phi is just

∑a​b∂ϕ∂ta​∂tb​d​τa​d​τ¯b,\sum_{ab}\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial t_{a}\partial t_{b}}d\tau_{a}d\overline{\tau}_{b},

and this defines a positive Hermitian form if and only if the Hessian matrix of ϕ\phi is positive definite; or in other words ϕ\phi is a convex function of the real variables τa\tau_{a}. Thus the theory of convex functions on Euclidean spaces is embedded, as this translationally invariant case, in the theory of Kahler geometry. We write ∇2ϕ\nabla^{2}\phi for the Hessian of ϕ\phi and also use index notation ∇2ϕ=(ϕa​b)\nabla^{2}\phi=(\phi^{ab}). The placing of the indices is unconventional but will be convenient later. We write (ϕa​b)(\phi_{ab}) for the inverse matrix. Explicitly the symplectic form ω\omega is

12​∑ϕa​b​d​ta∧d​θb,\frac{1}{2}\sum\phi^{ab}dt_{a}\wedge d\theta_{b},

and the Riemannian metric is

12​(∑ϕa​b​d​ta​d​tb+∑ϕa​b​d​θa​d​θb).\frac{1}{2}\left(\sum\phi^{ab}dt^{a}dt^{b}+\sum\phi^{ab}d\theta^{a}d\theta^{b}\right).

We regard the curvature tensor of this metric as an element of Λ2⊗Λ2\Lambda^{2}\otimes\Lambda^{2}. Then the curvature tensor is

∑Ra​b​c​d​d​τa​d​τ¯b⊗d​τc​d​τ¯d,\sum R^{abcd}d\tau_{a}d\overline{\tau}_{b}\otimes d\tau_{c}d\overline{\tau}_{d},

where

Ra​b​c​d=ϕa​b​c​d−ϕa​c​λ​ϕb​d​μ​ϕλ​μ.R^{abcd}=\phi^{abcd}-\phi^{ac\lambda}\phi^{bd\mu}\phi_{\lambda\mu}. (2)

(Here we use the summation convention over the repeated indices. The third and fourth order derivatives of ϕ\phi are written as ϕa​b​c,ϕa​b​c​d\phi^{abc},\phi^{abcd} in the obvious way.) This formula for the curvature tensor is just the formula (1), expressed in our current notation.)

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