ScalingStacks

4.2.1 Skoda inequality

An upper semicontinuous L1L^{1}-function ϕ\phi on a coordinate ball in ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n} is called plurisubharmonic (psh) if it satisfies the sub mean value inequality when restricted to complex lines; this implies d​dc​ϕ≥0dd^{c}\phi\geq 0. The basic intuition is that regularity properties for psh functions in general dimensions are analogous to subharmonic functions on Riemann surfaces. This is captured by the local version of the Skoda inequality:

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Theorem 4.2. (cf. [79, Thm 3.1]) If ϕ\phi is psh on B2⊂ℂnB_{2}\subset\mathbb{C}^{n}, with ∫B2|ϕ|​ωEn≤1\int_{B_{2}}|\phi|\omega_{E}^{n}\leq 1 with respect to the standard Euclidean metric ωE\omega_{E}, then there are dimensional constants α\alpha, CC, such that

log∫B1e−α​ϕωEn≤C.\log\int_{B_{1}}e^{-\alpha\phi}\omega_{E}^{n}\leq C.
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Remark 5. The Skoda inequality might be contrasted with subharmonic functions on the unit ball in ℝ2​n\mathbb{R}^{2n} for n>1n>1, for which exponential integrability is far too much to expect.

On a compact Kähler manifold (Y,ω)(Y,\omega), we say an upper semicontinuous L1L^{1}-function ϕ∈P​S​H​(Y,ω)\phi\in PSH(Y,\omega) if its sum with the local potential of ω\omega is psh, so that ωϕ=ω+d​dc​ϕ≥0\omega_{\phi}=\omega+dd^{c}\phi\geq 0. This is the generalised notion of Kähler potentials. The standard global analogue of the Skoda inequality is:

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Theorem 4.3. [73] On a fixed (X,ω)(X,\omega), there are positive constants α\alpha, CC depending only on X,ωX,\omega, such that

∫Xe−α​ϕ​ωn≤C,∀ϕ∈P​S​H​(X,ω)​ with ​supϕ=0.\int_{X}e^{-\alpha\phi}\omega^{n}\leq C,\quad\forall\phi\in PSH(X,\omega)\text{ with }\sup\phi=0.

In our applications, we need to work with a polarized algebraic degeneration of Calabi-Yau manifolds π:X→S∖{0}\pi:X\to S\setminus\{0\} near the large complex structure limit, as in section 3. Let ωF​S\omega_{FS} be a fixed Fubini-Study metric on (X,c1​(L))(X,c_{1}(L)) induced by a projective embedding via the sections of a high power of LL, and use ωF​S,t=1|log⁡|t||​ωF​S|Xt\omega_{FS,t}=\frac{1}{|\log|t||}\omega_{FS}|_{X_{t}} to define a family of background metrics on XtX_{t} in the class 1|log⁡|t||​c1​(L)\frac{1}{|\log|t||}c_{1}(L). The normalization factor 1|log⁡|t||\frac{1}{|\log|t||} is to ensure two different choices of Fubini-Study reference metrics would differ by a potential with C0C^{0} norm of order O⁡(1)O(1) independent of small tt. Recall d​μtd\mu_{t} is the normalized Calabi-Yau measure.

We adapted the Skoda inequality to a uniform version [51]:

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Theorem 4.4. (Uniform Skoda estimate) There are uniform positive constants α,A\alpha,A independent of tt for 0<|t|≪10<|t|\ll 1, such that for the normalised Calabi-Yau measures d​μtd\mu_{t},

∫Xte−α​u​d​μt≤A,∀u∈P​S​H​(Xt,ωF​S,t)​ with ​supXtu=0.\int_{X_{t}}e^{-\alpha u}d\mu_{t}\leq A,\quad\forall u\in PSH(X_{t},\omega_{FS,t})\text{ with }\sup_{X_{t}}u=0.

The proof involves covering XtX_{t} by plenty of small regions which look like standard balls in ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n}. An elementary but somewhat tricky construction of test function allows one to estimate L1L^{1} norms of the local potentials. One then applies the local version of Skoda inequality to each small region, and sum over all regions.

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