ScalingStacks

Theorem 7.1 . [02IB]

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Theorem 7.1.

There exist hyperkähler metrics on the K3 surface that contain a strictly stable minimal sphere which is not holomorphic with respect to any complex structure compatible with the metric.

Proof.

In [30, Proposition 5.5] Micallef–Wolfson show that the double cover of the Atiyah–Hitchin manifold, the rotationally symmetric D1D_{1} ALF space, contains a strictly stable minimal 22–sphere Σ\Sigma with [Σ]⋅[Σ]=−4[\Sigma]\cdot[\Sigma]=-4. Since every holomorphic curve Σ\Sigma of genus γ\gamma in a hyperkähler 44–manifold must have [Σ]⋅[Σ]=2​γ−2[\Sigma]\cdot[\Sigma]=2\gamma-2 by the adjunction formula, this minimal 22–sphere cannot be holomorphic with respect to any complex structure. One can also use the isometric action of S​U​(2)SU(2) on the Atiyah–Hitchin metric to prove this fact: the S​U​(2)SU(2) action preserves the metric but rotates the complex structures (equivalently, the hyperkähler triple) and the minimal 22–sphere is an S​U​(2)SU(2)–orbit. Hence the periods ∫Σωi\int_{\Sigma}{\omega_{i}} are forced to vanish.

Now, consider an approximate hyperkähler metric gϵg_{\epsilon} obtained in Section 5 by using the rotationally symmetric D1D_{1} ALF space as one of the building blocks. Thus gϵg_{\epsilon} contains a strictly stable minimal sphere Σ\Sigma with [Σ]⋅[Σ]=−4[\Sigma]\cdot[\Sigma]=-4.

Because of strict stability, Σ\Sigma has no Jacobi fields. Then we can invoke White’s Implicit Function Theorem for minimal immersions with respect to variations of the ambient metric [40, Theorem 2.1] to deform Σ\Sigma into a minimal immersion with respect to the hyperkähler metric produced by Theorem 6.15 starting from gϵg_{\epsilon}. As before, this minimal 22–sphere cannot be holomorphic with respect to any complex structure because of its self-intersection number. It is strictly stable by continuity of the spectrum of the Jacobi operator. ∎

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