ScalingStacks

Proof. [0262]

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Proof.

Clearly we may assume that G≠{0}G\not=\{0\}, so that G∩ℝ>0≠∅G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0}\not=\emptyset. We set δ=inf(G∩ℝ>0)\delta=\inf(G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0}). If δ∈G∩ℝ>0\delta\in G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0}, then G=ℤ​δG=\mathbb{Z}\delta. Indeed, for g∈Gg\in G, let nn be an integer such that n≤g/δ<n+1n\leq g/\delta<n+1. Thus 0≤g−n​δ<δ0\leq g-n\delta<\delta, and hence g=n​δg=n\delta. Therefore, GG is discrete.

Next we assume that δ∉G∩ℝ>0\delta\not\in G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0}. Then there is a sequence {δn}n=1∞\{\delta_{n}\}_{n=1}^{\infty} in G∩ℝ>0G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0} such that δn>δn+1\delta_{n}>\delta_{n+1} for all nn and limn→∞δn=δ\lim_{n\to\infty}\delta_{n}=\delta. If we set an=δn−δn+1a_{n}=\delta_{n}-\delta_{n+1}, then an∈G∩ℝ>0a_{n}\in G\cap\mathbb{R}_{>0} and limn→∞an=0\lim_{n\to\infty}a_{n}=0. For an open interval (α,β)(\alpha,\beta) of ℝ\mathbb{R} (α<β\alpha<\beta), we choose ana_{n} and an integer mm such that an<β−αa_{n}<\beta-\alpha and m<β/an≤m+1m<\beta/a_{n}\leq m+1. Then we have m​an<βma_{n}<\beta and

α<β−an≤(m+1)​an−an=m​an,\alpha<\beta-a_{n}\leq(m+1)a_{n}-a_{n}=ma_{n},

so that m​an∈(α,β)∩Gma_{n}\in(\alpha,\beta)\cap G. Thus GG is dense. ∎

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