ScalingStacks

Proof. [025M]

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Proof.

We denote the norm of (V∨)∨(V^{\vee})^{\vee} by ‖.‖′\|\raisebox{1.72218pt}{.}\|^{\prime}, that is,

‖v‖′=sup{|ϕ⁡(v)|‖ϕ‖∨∣ϕ∈V∨∖{0}}.\|v\|^{\prime}=\sup\left\{\frac{|\phi(v)|}{\|\phi\|^{\vee}}\mid\phi\in V^{\vee}\setminus\{0\}\right\}.

Note that |ϕ⁡(v)|≤‖v‖​‖ϕ‖∨|\phi(v)|\leq\|v\|\|\phi\|^{\vee} for all v∈Vv\in V and ϕ∈V∨\phi\in V^{\vee}. In particular, ‖v‖′≤‖v‖\|v\|^{\prime}\leq\|v\|. For v∈V∖{0}v\in V\setminus\{0\}, we set W:=k​vW:=kv and choose ψ∈W∨\psi\in W^{\vee} with ψ⁡(v)=1\psi(v)=1. Then ‖ψ‖∨=1/‖v‖\|\psi\|^{\vee}=1/\|v\|. For any α∈(0,1)\alpha\in(0,1), by Lemma 1.6, there is φ∈V∨\varphi\in V^{\vee} such that φ|W=ψ\left.{\varphi}\right|_{{W}}=\psi and ‖φ‖∨≤α−1​‖ψ‖∨\|\varphi\|^{\vee}\leq\alpha^{-1}\|\psi\|^{\vee}. As |φ⁡(v)|/‖φ‖∨≤‖v‖′|\varphi(v)|/\|\varphi\|^{\vee}\leq\|v\|^{\prime}, we have α​‖v‖≤‖v‖′\alpha\|v\|\leq\|v\|^{\prime}. Thus we obtain ‖v‖≤‖v‖′\|v\|\leq\|v\|^{\prime} by taking α→1\alpha\to 1. ∎

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