ScalingStacks

Proof. [03K0]

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Proof.

First, we prove the surjectivity of the linear operator ℒg\mathscr{L}_{g}. By standard Hodge theory, it holds that

(9.105) Ω+2​(ℳ)\displaystyle\Omega^{2}_{+}(\mathcal{M}) =ℋ+​(ℳ)⊕d+​(Ω1​(ℳ))\displaystyle=\mathcal{H}^{+}(\mathcal{M})\oplus d^{+}(\Omega^{1}(\mathcal{M}))
(9.106) Ω1​(ℳ)\displaystyle\Omega^{1}(\mathcal{M}) =d⁡(Ω0​(ℳ))⊕Ω̊1​(ℳ),\displaystyle=d(\Omega^{0}(\mathcal{M}))\oplus\mathring{\Omega}^{1}(\mathcal{M}),

where Ω̊1​(ℳ)\mathring{\Omega}^{1}(\mathcal{M}) denotes the space of divergence-free 11-forms on ℳ\mathcal{M}, therefore

(9.107) Ω+2​(ℳ)=ℋ+​(ℳ)⊕d+​(Ω̊1​(ℳ)).\Omega^{2}_{+}(\mathcal{M})=\mathcal{H}^{+}(\mathcal{M})\oplus d^{+}(\mathring{\Omega}^{1}(\mathcal{M})).

This clearly implies that

(9.108) ℒg=(d+⊕Id)⊗ℝ3:𝔄⟶𝔅.\mathscr{L}_{g}=(d^{+}\oplus\Id)\otimes\mathbb{R}^{3}:\mathfrak{A}\longrightarrow\mathfrak{B}.

is surjective.

The remainder of the proof is a contradiction argument. We will argue on the level of forms, and this will imply the result for triples. If (9.104) does not hold for a uniform constant, then there exists a sequence of gluing parameters βj→∞\beta_{j}\rightarrow\infty and ηj\eta_{j}, ξ¯j+\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j} with

(9.109) e10​δ⋅βj​‖d+​ηj+ξ¯j+‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)\displaystyle e^{10\delta\cdot\beta_{j}}\|d^{+}\eta_{j}+\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})} →0,\displaystyle\rightarrow 0,
(9.110) ‖ηj‖Cδ,ν,μ1,α​(ℳ)+‖ξ¯j+‖L2​(ℳ)\displaystyle\|\eta_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu,\mu}^{1,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}+\|\bar{{\xi}}^{+}_{j}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})} =1,\displaystyle=1,

as j→∞j\to\infty. Pairing d+​ηj+ξ¯j+d^{+}\eta_{j}+\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j} with ξ¯j+\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j} and integrating, and using (9.109), we obtain that

(9.111) ‖ξ¯j+‖L2​(ℳ)2≤ϵje−10δ⋅βj∫ℳ|ξ¯j+|(ρδ,ν+1,μ(0+α))−1dvolgβj≤ϵje−10δ⋅βj∥ξ¯+j∥L2​(ℳ){∫ℳ(ρδ,ν+1,μ(0+α))−2dvolgβj}12,\displaystyle\begin{split}\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})}^{2}&\leq\epsilon_{j}e^{-10\delta\cdot\beta_{j}}\int_{\mathcal{M}}|\bar{\xi}_{j}^{+}|(\rho_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{(0+\alpha)})^{-1}\dvol_{g_{\beta_{j}}}\\ &\leq\epsilon_{j}e^{-10\delta\cdot\beta_{j}}\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})}\Big\{\int_{\mathcal{M}}(\rho_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{(0+\alpha)})^{-2}\dvol_{g_{\beta_{j}}}\Big\}^{\frac{1}{2}},\end{split}

where ϵj→0\epsilon_{j}\to 0 as j→∞j\to\infty. It is easy to check that

(9.112) ∫ℳ(ρδ,ν+1,μ(0+α))−2​dvolgβj<C,\displaystyle\int_{\mathcal{M}}(\rho_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{(0+\alpha)})^{-2}\dvol_{g_{\beta_{j}}}<C,

where CC is independent of β\beta, so this implies that

(9.113) e10​δ⋅βj​‖ξ¯j+‖L2​(ℳ)→0e^{10\delta\cdot\beta_{j}}\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})}\to 0

as j→∞j\to\infty.

Next, since the triple 𝝎ℳ\bm{\omega}^{\mathcal{M}} is harmonic and spans ℋ+​(ℳ)\mathcal{H}_{+}(\mathcal{M}) at every point, we can write

(9.114) ξ¯+=λ1​ω1+λ2​ω2+λ3​ω3.\bar{\xi}^{+}=\lambda_{1}\omega_{1}+\lambda_{2}\omega_{2}+\lambda_{3}\omega_{3}.

Recall by the definition of the triple 𝝎βℳ\bm{\omega}_{\beta}^{\mathcal{M}}, for every 1≤p,q≤31\leq p,q\leq 3,

(9.115) 12​∫ℳωp∧ωq=∫ℳQp​q​dvol𝝎βℳ,\frac{1}{2}\int_{\mathcal{M}}\omega_{p}\wedge\omega_{q}=\int_{\mathcal{M}}Q_{pq}\dvol_{\bm{\omega}_{\beta}^{\mathcal{M}}},

and so for any self-dual harmonic form ξ¯+∈ℋ+​(ℳ)\bar{\xi}^{+}\in\mathcal{H}_{+}(\mathcal{M}),

(9.116) ‖ξ¯+‖L2​(ℳ)2\displaystyle\|\bar{\xi}^{+}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})}^{2} =2​∑p,q=13λp​λq​∫ℳQp​q​dvol𝝎βℳ,\displaystyle=2\sum_{p,q=1}^{3}\lambda_{p}\lambda_{q}\int_{\mathcal{M}}Q_{pq}\dvol_{\bm{\omega}_{\beta}^{\mathcal{M}}},

so applying the volume estimate

(9.117) C−1​β2≤Volg⁡(ℳ)≤C​β2,C^{-1}\beta^{2}\leq\Vol_{g}(\mathcal{M})\leq C\beta^{2},

and Proposition 6.4, we have the estimate

(9.118) C−1​βj2​(λ1,j2+λ2,j2+λ3,j2)≤‖ξ¯j+‖L2​(ℳ)2.\displaystyle C^{-1}\beta_{j}^{2}(\lambda_{1,j}^{2}+\lambda_{2,j}^{2}+\lambda_{3,j}^{2})\leq\|\bar{\xi}_{j}^{+}\|_{L^{2}(\mathcal{M})}^{2}.

The above and (9.113) imply that βj​λk,j​e10​δ⋅βj→0\beta_{j}\lambda_{k,j}e^{10\delta\cdot\beta_{j}}\to 0 as j→∞j\to\infty for k=1,2,3k=1,2,3. We then have

(9.119) ‖ξ¯j+‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)=‖λ1,j​ω1+λ2,j​ω2+λ3,j​ω3‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)≤λ1,j​‖ω1‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)+λ2,j​‖ω2‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)+λ3,j​‖ω3‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ).\displaystyle\begin{split}\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}&=\|\lambda_{1,j}\omega_{1}+\lambda_{2,j}\omega_{2}+\lambda_{3,j}\omega_{3}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}\\ &\leq\lambda_{1,j}\|\omega_{1}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}+\lambda_{2,j}\|\omega_{2}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}+\lambda_{3,j}\|\omega_{3}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}.\end{split}

Since

(9.120) ‖ωk‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)≤C​e5​δ⋅βj,\displaystyle\|\omega_{k}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}\leq Ce^{5\delta\cdot\beta_{j}},

for 1≤k≤31\leq k\leq 3, the above implies that

(9.121) ∥ξ¯+j∥Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)≤Cϵjβj−1e−5δ⋅βj,\displaystyle\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}\leq C\epsilon_{j}\beta_{j}^{-1}e^{-5\delta\cdot\beta_{j}},

for some sequence ϵj→0\epsilon_{j}\to 0 as j→∞j\to\infty, so we have proved that

(9.122) ‖ξ¯j+‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)→0,\displaystyle\|\bar{\xi}^{+}_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})}\rightarrow 0,

as j→∞j\to\infty. Consequently, our sequence satisfies

(9.123) ‖d+​ηj‖Cδ,ν+1,μ0,α​(ℳ)\displaystyle\|d^{+}\eta_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu+1,\mu}^{0,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})} →0,\displaystyle\rightarrow 0,
(9.124) ‖ηj‖Cδ,ν,μ1,α​(ℳ)\displaystyle\|\eta_{j}\|_{C_{\delta,\nu,\mu}^{1,\alpha}(\mathcal{M})} →1,\displaystyle\to 1,

as j→∞j\to\infty, which contradicts Proposition 9.2. ∎

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