ScalingStacks

Proof. [03HC]

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Proof.

By the definition of β„±\mathcal{F} and 𝒰\mathcal{U}, it suffices to prove

(4.55) ∫0∞eF⁑(t)​𝑑t≀(1+Ο€)​eF⁑(t0),\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{F(t)}dt\leq(1+\sqrt{\pi})e^{F(t_{0})},

and

(4.56) ∫0∞eU⁑(t)​𝑑t≀(1+Ο€)​eU⁑(s0).\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{U(t)}dt\leq(1+\sqrt{\pi})e^{U(s_{0})}.

We only prove the first inequality and the second can be proved in exactly the same way. In fact, the second can be proved exactly the same way. Denote a≑2​ya\equiv 2y. For ϡ∈(βˆ’1,1]\epsilon\in(-1,1] we have

F⁑(t0​(1+Ο΅))βˆ’F⁑(t0)\displaystyle F(t_{0}(1+\epsilon))-F(t_{0}) =βˆ’Ο΅β‘(Ο΅+2)​t02+ϡ​a​t0+h​log⁑(1+Ο΅)\displaystyle=-\epsilon(\epsilon+2)t_{0}^{2}+\epsilon at_{0}+h\log(1+\epsilon)
=βˆ’Ο΅2​t02+h⁑(log⁑(1+Ο΅)βˆ’Ο΅)\displaystyle=-\epsilon^{2}t_{0}^{2}+h(\log(1+\epsilon)-\epsilon)
(4.57) β‰€βˆ’Ο΅2​t02βˆ’h⁑(Ο΅22βˆ’Ο΅33)β‰€βˆ’Ο΅2​(t02+h6).\displaystyle\leq-\epsilon^{2}t_{0}^{2}-h(\frac{\epsilon^{2}}{2}-\frac{\epsilon^{3}}{3})\leq-\epsilon^{2}(t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6}).

The above computations imply that under the transformation t=t0​(1+Ο΅)t=t_{0}(1+\epsilon),

∫02​t0exp⁑(F⁑(t))​𝑑t\displaystyle\int_{0}^{2t_{0}}\exp(F(t))dt β‰€βˆ«02​t0exp⁑(F⁑(t0)βˆ’Ο΅2​(t02+h6))​𝑑t\displaystyle\leq\int_{0}^{2t_{0}}\exp\Big(F(t_{0})-\epsilon^{2}(t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6})\Big)dt
=t0​exp⁑(F⁑(t0))β€‹βˆ«βˆ’11exp⁑(βˆ’(t02+h6)​ϡ2)​𝑑ϡ\displaystyle=t_{0}\exp(F(t_{0}))\int_{-1}^{1}\exp\Big(-(t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6})\epsilon^{2}\Big)d\epsilon
=t0t02+h6​exp⁑(F⁑(t0))β€‹βˆ«βˆ’t02+h6t02+h6exp⁑(βˆ’Ο„2)​𝑑τ\displaystyle=\frac{t_{0}}{\sqrt{t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6}}}\exp(F(t_{0}))\int_{-\sqrt{t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6}}}^{\sqrt{t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6}}}\exp(-\tau^{2})d\tau
(4.58) ≀π​exp⁑(F⁑(t0)).\displaystyle\leq\sqrt{\pi}\exp(F(t_{0})).

In addition, let t>2​t0t>2t_{0}, then

(4.59) F⁑(t)βˆ’F⁑(2​t0)≀F′​(2​t0)​(tβˆ’2​t0),\displaystyle F(t)-F(2t_{0})\leq F^{\prime}(2t_{0})(t-2t_{0}),

and hence

(4.60) ∫2​t0∞exp⁑(F⁑(t))​𝑑t≀exp⁑(F⁑(2​t0))β€‹βˆ«2​t0∞exp⁑(F′​(2​t0)​(tβˆ’2​t0))​𝑑t=exp⁑(F⁑(2​t0))βˆ’F′​(2​t0).\displaystyle\int_{2t_{0}}^{\infty}\exp(F(t))dt\leq\exp(F(2t_{0}))\int_{2t_{0}}^{\infty}\exp\Big(F^{\prime}(2t_{0})(t-2t_{0})\Big)dt=\frac{\exp(F(2t_{0}))}{-F^{\prime}(2t_{0})}.

It can be directly computed that

(4.61) F′​(2​t0)=βˆ’4​t0+a+h2​t0=βˆ’4​t02+h2​t0<0,F^{\prime}(2t_{0})=-4t_{0}+a+\frac{h}{2t_{0}}=-\frac{4t_{0}^{2}+h}{2t_{0}}<0,

then

(4.62) ∫2​t0∞exp⁑(F⁑(t))​𝑑t≀2​t04​t02+h​exp⁑(F⁑(2​t0))≀2​t04​t02+hβ‹…exp⁑(F⁑(t0))exp⁑(t02+h6)≀exp⁑(F⁑(t0)).\displaystyle\int_{2t_{0}}^{\infty}\exp(F(t))dt\leq\frac{2t_{0}}{4t_{0}^{2}+h}\exp(F(2t_{0}))\leq\frac{2t_{0}}{4t_{0}^{2}+h}\cdot\frac{\exp(F(t_{0}))}{\exp(t_{0}^{2}+\frac{h}{6})}\leq\exp(F(t_{0})).

Combining the above calculations,

(4.63) ∫0∞exp⁑(F⁑(t))​𝑑t≀(1+Ο€)​exp⁑(F⁑(t0)).\int_{0}^{\infty}\exp(F(t))dt\leq(1+\sqrt{\pi})\exp(F(t_{0})).

∎

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