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4. Estimates and smooth convergence [030Z]

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4. Estimates and smooth convergence

In this section we prove a priori estimates of all orders for the Ricci–flat metrics ω~t\tilde{\omega}_{t} which are uniform on compact sets of M\SM\backslash S, and then use these to prove Theorem 1.1. These estimates improve the results in [38], and use crucially the assumptions that MM is projective and that the smooth fibers MyM_{y} are tori.

Lemma 4.1.

There is a constant CC such that on UU the Ricci–flat metrics ω~t\tilde{\omega}_{t} satisfy

(4.1) C−1​(ω0+t​ωM)⩽ω~t⩽C⁡(ω0+t​ωM),C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M})\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M}),

for all small t>0t>0.

Proof.

This estimate is contained in the second-named author’s work [38], although it is not explicitly stated there. To see this, start from [38, (3.24)], which gives a constant CC so that on UU we have

C−1​(t​ωM)⩽ω~t.C^{-1}(t\omega_{M})\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t}.

Then use [38, Lemma 3.1] to get

C−1​ω0⩽ω~t,C^{-1}\omega_{0}\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t},

and so adding these two inequalities we get

C−1​(ω0+t​ωM)⩽ω~t,C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M})\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t},

or in other words trω~t​ωt⩽C\textrm{tr}_{\tilde{\omega}_{t}}\omega_{t}\leqslant C on UU, where ωt=ω0+t​ωM\omega_{t}=\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M} as before. To get the reverse inequality, we note that on UU we have

trωt​ω~t⩽(trω~t​ωt)n−1​ω~tnωtn⩽C​ω~tnωtn⩽C,\textrm{tr}_{\omega_{t}}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant(\textrm{tr}_{\tilde{\omega}_{t}}\omega_{t})^{n-1}\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{n}}{\omega_{t}^{n}}\leqslant C\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{n}}{\omega_{t}^{n}}\leqslant C,

where the last inequality follows from [38, (3.23)]. We thus get the reverse inequality

ω~t⩽C⁡(ω0+t​ωM),\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M}),

thus proving (4.1). ∎

From now on we fix a small ball B⊂N\f⁡(S)B\subset N\backslash f(S), and as before we call U=f−1​(B)U=f^{-1}(B) and we have the holomorphic covering map p:B×ℂn−m→Up:B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}\to U, with f∘p⁡(y,z)=yf\circ p(y,z)=y where (y,z)=(y1,…,ym,z1,…,zn−m)(y,z)=(y_{1},\dots,y_{m},z_{1},\dots,z_{n-m}) the standard coordinates on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}. We let λt:B×ℂn−m→B×ℂn−m\lambda_{t}:B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}\to B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} be the dilation

λt​(y,z)=(y,zt),\lambda_{t}(y,z)=\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right),

which takes the lattice t​Λy\sqrt{t}\Lambda_{y} to Λy\Lambda_{y}. If we pull back the Kähler potential φt\varphi_{t} on UU via pp we get a function φt∘p\varphi_{t}\circ p on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} which is periodic in zz with period Λy\Lambda_{y}, i.e. φt∘p⁡(y,z+ℓ)=φt∘p⁡(y,z)\varphi_{t}\circ p(y,z+\ell)=\varphi_{t}\circ p(y,z) for all ℓ∈Λy\ell\in\Lambda_{y}. The function φt∘p∘λt\varphi_{t}\circ p\circ\lambda_{t} is then periodic in zz with period t​Λy\sqrt{t}\Lambda_{y}. Note that since ω0\omega_{0} is the pullback of a metric from N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S), we have λt∗​p∗​ω0=p∗​ω0.\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\omega_{0}=p^{*}\omega_{0}.

Recall now that we have a nonnegative definite semi-flat form ωS​F\omega_{SF} on UU, and that ω0+ωS​F\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF} is then a semi-flat Kähler metric on UU. Since UU is diffeomorphic to a product B×MyB\times M_{y}, it follows that ωS​F\omega_{SF} and ωM\omega_{M} are cohomologous on UU. We now apply Proposition 3.1 and get a holomorphic section σ:B→U\sigma:B\to U and a real function ξ\xi on UU such that

(4.2) Tσ∗​ωS​F−ωM=−1​∂∂¯​ξT_{\sigma}^{*}\omega_{SF}-\omega_{M}=\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\xi

on UU, where TσT_{\sigma} is the fiberwise translation by σ\sigma.

Lemma 4.2.

There is a constant CC such that on the whole of B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} we have

(4.3) C−1​p∗​(ω0+ωS​F)⩽λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t⩽C​p∗​(ω0+ωS​F),C^{-1}p^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF})\leqslant\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant Cp^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF}),

for all small t>0t>0.

Proof.

First of all notice that after replacing UU with a slightly smaller open set, the semi-flat metric ω0+ωS​F\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF} is uniformly equivalent to ωM\omega_{M}, which implies that

(4.4) C−1​(ω0+t​ωS​F)⩽ω0+t​ωM⩽C⁡(ω0+t​ωS​F),C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{SF})\leqslant\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{SF}),

for all small t>0t>0. Thanks to Lemma 4.1 on UU we have that

C−1​(ω0+t​T−σ∗​ωM)⩽T−σ∗​ω~t⩽C⁡(ω0+t​T−σ∗​ωM),C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+tT_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})\leqslant T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+tT_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}),

and since T−σ∗​ωMT_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M} is uniformly equivalent to ωM\omega_{M} we also have that

(4.5) C−1​(ω0+t​ωM)⩽T−σ∗​ω~t⩽C⁡(ω0+t​ωM),C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M})\leqslant T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M}),

and combining (4.4) and (4.5) we get

(4.6) C−1​(ω0+t​ωS​F)⩽T−σ∗​ω~t⩽C⁡(ω0+t​ωS​F),C^{-1}(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{SF})\leqslant T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(\omega_{0}+t\omega_{SF}),

on UU. If we pull back (4.6) by p∘λtp\circ\lambda_{t} we get

(4.7) C−1​(p∗​ω0+t​λt∗​p∗​ωS​F)⩽λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t⩽C⁡(p∗​ω0+t​λt∗​p∗​ωS​F),C^{-1}(p^{*}\omega_{0}+t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\omega_{SF})\leqslant\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant C(p^{*}\omega_{0}+t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\omega_{SF}),

on all of B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}. We claim that on the whole of B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} we have that

(4.8) t​λt∗​p∗​ωS​F=p∗​ωS​F.t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\omega_{SF}=p^{*}\omega_{SF}.

In fact, the construction of ωS​F\omega_{SF} in section 3 gives that p∗​ωS​F=−1​∂∂¯​η,p^{*}\omega_{SF}=\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\eta, for a function η\eta on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} that satisfies

(4.9) η∘λt​(y,z)=η⁡(y,zt)=1t​η​(y,z),\eta\circ\lambda_{t}(y,z)=\eta\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)=\frac{1}{t}\eta(y,z),

for all (y,z)(y,z) in B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} and any t>0t>0. It follows then that

(4.10) t​λt∗​p∗​ωS​F=t​λt∗​−1​∂∂¯​η=t​−1​∂∂¯​(η∘λt)=−1​∂∂¯​η=p∗​ωS​F,t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\omega_{SF}=t\lambda_{t}^{*}\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\eta=t\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}(\eta\circ\lambda_{t})=\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\eta=p^{*}\omega_{SF},

as claimed. Combining (4.7) and (4.8) we get the bound (4.3). ∎

Proposition 4.3.

Given any compact set KK in B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} and any k⩾0k\geqslant 0 there exists a constant CC independent of t>0t>0 such that

(4.11) ‖λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t‖Ck​(K,δ)⩽C,\|\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\|_{C^{k}(K,\delta)}\leqslant C,

where δ\delta is the Euclidean metric on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}.

Proof.

We pull back (1.1) via T−σ∘p∘λtT_{-\sigma}\circ p\circ\lambda_{t} and get

(λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t)n​(y,z)=ct​tn−m​(λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,z)=ct​(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,zt),\begin{split}(\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t})^{n}(y,z)&=c_{t}t^{n-m}(\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}(y,z)\\ &=c_{t}(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right),\end{split}

since the pullback under λt\lambda_{t} of any volume form f⁡(y,z)​d​y1∧⋯∧d​z¯n−mf(y,z)dy^{1}\wedge\dots\wedge d\overline{z}^{n-m} on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} equals tm−n​f​(y,zt)​d​y1∧⋯∧d​z¯n−m.t^{m-n}f(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}})dy^{1}\wedge\dots\wedge d\overline{z}^{n-m}. We now claim that in fact we have

(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,zt)=(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,z).(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)=(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}(y,z).

To see this, consider the (n,0)(n,0)-form

d​y1∧⋯∧d​ym∧d​z1∧⋯∧d​zn−mdy^{1}\wedge\dots\wedge dy^{m}\wedge dz^{1}\wedge\dots\wedge dz^{n-m}

on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}. This form is invariant under the ℤ2​n−2​m\mathbb{Z}^{2n-2m}-action described above

(n1,…,n2​n−2​m)⋅(y,z)=(y,z+∑ini​vi​(y)),(n_{1},\dots,n_{2n-2m})\cdot(y,z)=(y,z+\sum_{i}n_{i}v_{i}(y)),

where (y,z)=(y1,…,ym,z1,…,zn−m)(y,z)=(y_{1},\dots,y_{m},z_{1},\dots,z_{n-m}), and so it descends to a holomorphic (n,0)(n,0)-form to the quotient (B×ℂn−m)/Λ(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m})/\Lambda and using the biholomorphism with UU we get a holomorphic (n,0)(n,0)-form Ω\Omega on UU. We can then consider the volume form (−1)n2​Ω∧Ω¯(\sqrt{-1})^{n^{2}}\Omega\wedge\overline{\Omega}, and we have

T−σ∗​ωMn=h⋅(−1)n2​Ω∧Ω¯,T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}^{n}=h\cdot(\sqrt{-1})^{n^{2}}\Omega\wedge\overline{\Omega},

where hh is a smooth positive function on UU. Taking −1​∂∂¯​log\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\log of both sides we get

−1​∂∂¯​log⁡h=−1​∂∂¯​log⁡T−σ∗​ωMn(−1)n2​Ω∧Ω¯=0,\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\log h=\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\log\frac{T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}^{n}}{(\sqrt{-1})^{n^{2}}\Omega\wedge\overline{\Omega}}=0,

since T−σ∗​ωMT_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M} is Ricci–flat and Ω\Omega is a holomorphic (n,0)(n,0)-form. So log⁡h\log h is pluriharmonic on UU, and this implies that its restriction to any fiber MyM_{y} with y∈By\in B is constant. Pulling back via pp we get

(p∗​T−σ∗​ωMn)​(y,z)=(h∘p)​(y,z)​(−1)n2​d​y1∧⋯∧d​z¯n−m,(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}^{n})(y,z)=(h\circ p)(y,z)(\sqrt{-1})^{n^{2}}dy^{1}\wedge\dots\wedge d\overline{z}^{n-m},

but since hh is constant along the fibers of ff and pp is compatible with the projection to BB we get that the function (h∘p)​(y,z)(h\circ p)(y,z) on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} is independent of zz. In particular we have

(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,zt)=(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n​(y,z),(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)=(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}(y,z),

and so the rescaled metrics λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t} satisfy the nondegenerate complex Monge-Ampère equation

(λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t)n=(p∗​ω0+t​λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ωM+−1​∂∂¯​φ~t)n=ct​(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n(\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t})^{n}=(p^{*}\omega_{0}+t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\tilde{\varphi}_{t})^{n}=c_{t}(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}

on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}, where we have set

φ~t=φt∘T−σ∘p∘λt.\tilde{\varphi}_{t}=\varphi_{t}\circ T_{-\sigma}\circ p\circ\lambda_{t}.

We claim that the estimates (4.11) hold. To see this, we use (4.2) and get

(4.12) p∗​ωS​F=p∗​T−σ∗​ωM+p∗​T−σ∗​−1​∂∂¯​ξ,p^{*}\omega_{SF}=p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}+p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\xi,

for a function ξ\xi on UU. On B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} we can then use (4.10) and (4.12) and write

(4.13) λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t=p∗​ω0+t​λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ωM+−1​∂∂¯​φ~t=p∗​ω0+t​λt∗​p∗​(ωS​F−T−σ∗​−1​∂∂¯​ξ)+−1​∂∂¯​φ~t=p∗​ω0+p∗​ωS​F−t​λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​−1​∂∂¯​ξ+−1​∂∂¯​φ~t=p∗​(ω0+ωS​F)+−1​∂∂¯​ut,\begin{split}\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}&=p^{*}\omega_{0}+t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\tilde{\varphi}_{t}\\ &=p^{*}\omega_{0}+t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}(\omega_{SF}-T_{-\sigma}^{*}\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\xi)+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\tilde{\varphi}_{t}\\ &=p^{*}\omega_{0}+p^{*}\omega_{SF}-t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\xi+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\tilde{\varphi}_{t}\\ &=p^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF})+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}u_{t},\end{split}

where for simplicity we write ut=φ~t−t⁡(ξ∘T−σ∘p∘λt).u_{t}=\tilde{\varphi}_{t}-t(\xi\circ T_{-\sigma}\circ p\circ\lambda_{t}). The functions utu_{t} are uniformly bounded in C0​(B×ℂn−m)C^{0}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}) because of the L∞L^{\infty} bound for φt\varphi_{t} from [9, 10] and because ξ\xi is a fixed function on UU. The functions utu_{t} satisfy the complex Monge-Ampère equations

(4.14) (p∗​ω0+p∗​ωS​F+−1​∂∂¯​ut)n=ct​(p∗​T−σ∗​ωM)n(p^{*}\omega_{0}+p^{*}\omega_{SF}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}u_{t})^{n}=c_{t}(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M})^{n}

on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}, and on any compact subset KK of B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} the Kähler metric p∗​(ω0+ωS​F)p^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF}) is C∞C^{\infty} equivalent to the Euclidean metric δ\delta (with constants that depend only on KK). The bounds (4.3) imply that

C−1​δ⩽p∗​(ω0+ωS​F)+−1​∂∂¯​ut⩽C​δ,C^{-1}\delta\leqslant p^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF})+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}u_{t}\leqslant C\delta,

on KK for all small t>0t>0, where CC depends on KK. The constants ctc_{t} are bounded uniformly and away from zero. After shrinking KK slightly we can then apply the Evans-Krylov theory (as explained for example in [13, 32]) and Schauder estimates to get higher order estimates ‖ut‖Ck​(K,δ)⩽C⁡(k)\|u_{t}\|_{C^{k}(K,\delta)}\leqslant C(k) for all k⩾0k\geqslant 0, thus proving (4.11). ∎

Lemma 4.4.

Given any compact set K⊂M\SK\subset M\backslash S there is a constant CKC_{K} such that the sectional curvature of ω~t\tilde{\omega}_{t} satisfies

(4.15) supK|Sec⁡(ω~t)|⩽CK,\sup_{K}|\mathrm{Sec}(\tilde{\omega}_{t})|\leqslant C_{K},

for all small t>0t>0.

Proof.

We can assume that KK is sufficiently small so that f⁡(K)⊂Bf(K)\subset B for a ball BB as before, and that there is a compact set K′⊂B×ℂn−mK^{\prime}\subset B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} so that p:K′→Tσ​(K)p:K^{\prime}\to T_{\sigma}(K) is a biholomorphism. We then have

supK|Sec⁡(ω~t)|=supTσ​(K)|Sec⁡(T−σ∗​ω~t)|=supK′|Sec⁡(p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t)|=supλt−1​(K′)|Sec⁡(λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t)|.\begin{split}\sup_{K}|\mathrm{Sec}(\tilde{\omega}_{t})|&=\sup_{T_{\sigma}(K)}|\mathrm{Sec}(T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t})|=\sup_{K^{\prime}}|\mathrm{Sec}(p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t})|\\ &=\sup_{\lambda_{t}^{-1}(K^{\prime})}|\mathrm{Sec}(\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t})|.\end{split}

For t>0t>0 small enough, the sets λt−1​(K)\lambda_{t}^{-1}(K) are all contained in a fixed compact set K′′⊂B×ℂn−mK^{\prime\prime}\subset B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}. From (4.3) and (4.11) we then get a uniform bound for the sectional curvatures of λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t} on K′′K^{\prime\prime}, and this proves (4.15). ∎

Lemma 4.5.

Given any compact set KK in B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} and any k⩾0k\geqslant 0 there exists a constant CC independent of t>0t>0 such that

(4.16) ‖p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t‖Ck​(K,δ)⩽C,\|p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\|_{C^{k}(K,\delta)}\leqslant C,

where δ\delta is the Euclidean metric on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}.

Proof.

Given KK, for all t>0t>0 small enough the sets λt−1​(K)\lambda_{t}^{-1}(K) are all contained in a fixed compact set K′⊂B×ℂn−mK^{\prime}\subset B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}. We wish to deduce (4.16) from (4.11). To see this, write on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}

λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t=−1​(∑i,jAi​j¯​(t,y,z)​d​zi∧d​z¯j+∑i,jBi​j¯​(t,y,z)​d​yi∧d​y¯jCLOSE+∑i,jCi​j¯(t,y,z)dyi∧dz¯j+∑i,jDi​j¯(t,y,z)dzi∧dy¯j).\begin{split}\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}=&\sqrt{-1}\bigg(\sum_{i,j}A_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z)dz^{i}\wedge d\overline{z}^{j}+\sum_{i,j}B_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z)dy^{i}\wedge d\overline{y}^{j}\\ &+\sum_{i,j}C_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z)dy^{i}\wedge d\overline{z}^{j}+\sum_{i,j}D_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z)dz^{i}\wedge d\overline{y}^{j}\bigg).\end{split}

Thanks to (4.11), on K′K^{\prime} the coefficents A,B,C,DA,B,C,D satisfy uniform CkC^{k} estimates in the variables (y,z)(y,z) independent of tt. We then pull back this equation via the map λ1/t\lambda_{1/t} (the inverse of λt\lambda_{t}) and get

p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t=−1​(t​∑i,jAi​j¯​(t,y,z​t)​d​zi∧d​z¯j+∑i,jBi​j¯​(t,y,z​t)​d​yi∧d​y¯jCLOSE+t∑i,jCi​j¯(t,y,zt)dyi∧dz¯j+t∑i,jDi​j¯(t,y,zt)dzi∧dy¯j),\begin{split}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}&=\sqrt{-1}\bigg(t\sum_{i,j}A_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z\sqrt{t})dz^{i}\wedge d\overline{z}^{j}+\sum_{i,j}B_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z\sqrt{t})dy^{i}\wedge d\overline{y}^{j}\\ &+\sqrt{t}\sum_{i,j}C_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z\sqrt{t})dy^{i}\wedge d\overline{z}^{j}+\sqrt{t}\sum_{i,j}D_{i\overline{j}}(t,y,z\sqrt{t})dz^{i}\wedge d\overline{y}^{j}\bigg),\end{split}

and the new coefficients are uniformly bounded in CkC^{k} on KK, thus proving (4.16). ∎

Proposition 4.6.

As tt goes to zero we have

ω~t→f∗​ω\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to f^{*}\omega

in Cl​o​c∞​(M\S,ωM)C^{\infty}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}), where ω=ωN+−1​∂∂¯​φ\omega=\omega_{N}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\varphi is a Kähler metric on N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S) with Ric⁡(ω)=ωWP\Ric(\omega)=\omega_{\rm WP} as in Theorem 1.1.

Proof.

Recall that ω~t=ω0+t​ωM+−1​∂∂¯​φt\tilde{\omega}_{t}=\omega_{0}+t\omega_{M}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\varphi_{t}, so that

p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t=p∗​ω0+t​p∗​T−σ∗​ωM+−1​∂∂¯​(φt∘T−σ∘p).p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}=p^{*}\omega_{0}+tp^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\omega_{M}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}(\varphi_{t}\circ T_{-\sigma}\circ p).

We now fix a compact set K⊂M\SK\subset M\backslash S, which we can assume is sufficiently small so that f⁡(K)⊂Bf(K)\subset B for a ball BB as before, and that there is a compact set K′⊂B×ℂn−mK^{\prime}\subset B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} such that p:K′→Tσ​(K)p:K^{\prime}\to T_{\sigma}(K) is a biholomorphism. From (4.16) (together with the L∞L^{\infty} bound for φt\varphi_{t} from [9, 10]) we see that

‖φt∘T−σ∘p‖Ck​(K′,δ)⩽C⁡(k),\|\varphi_{t}\circ T_{-\sigma}\circ p\|_{C^{k}(K^{\prime},\delta)}\leqslant C(k),

and therefore also

(4.17) ‖φt‖Ck​(K,ωM)⩽C⁡(k),\|\varphi_{t}\|_{C^{k}(K,\omega_{M})}\leqslant C(k),

since T−σ∘p:K′→KT_{-\sigma}\circ p:K^{\prime}\to K is a fixed biholomorphism. From [38] we know that φt→f∗​φ\varphi_{t}\to f^{*}\varphi in Cl​o​c1,α​(M\S,ωM)C^{1,\alpha}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}), and so (4.17) implies that φt→f∗​φ\varphi_{t}\to f^{*}\varphi in Cl​o​c∞​(M\S,ωM)C^{\infty}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}), and therefore that ω~t→f∗​ω\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to f^{*}\omega in Cl​o​c∞​(M\S,ωM)C^{\infty}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}). ∎

As a corollary of this, for any compact subset K⊂M\SK\subset M\backslash S, there is a positive function ε⁡(t)\varepsilon(t) which goes to zero as t→0t\rightarrow 0, such that

(4.18) f∗​ω−ε⁡(t)​ωM⩽ω~t⩽f∗​ω+ε⁡(t)​ωMf^{*}\omega-\varepsilon(t)\omega_{M}\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t}\leqslant f^{*}\omega+\varepsilon(t)\omega_{M}

on KK, as well as

(4.19) e−ε⁡(t)​f∗​ω⩽ω~t.e^{-\varepsilon(t)}f^{*}\omega\leqslant\tilde{\omega}_{t}.

We now finish the proof of Theorem 1.1. We have already proved the first two statements in Proposition 4.6 and Lemma 4.4, and it remains to prove (1.3). We will present two proofs of (1.3), one which uses the fact that the fibers are tori, and another one which only uses the convergence result in Proposition 4.6.

For the first proof, we need the following lemma

Lemma 4.7.

As tt goes to zero we have

(4.20) λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t→p∗​(ωS​F+f∗​ω)\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to p^{*}(\omega_{SF}+f^{*}\omega)

in Cl​o​c∞​(B×ℂn−m,δ)C^{\infty}_{loc}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m},\delta), where δ\delta is the Euclidean metric.

Proof.

Recall that from (4.13) we see that on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}

λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t=p∗​(ω0+ωS​F)+−1​∂∂¯​ut,\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}=p^{*}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{SF})+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}u_{t},

where the functions ut=φ~t−t​λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ξu_{t}=\tilde{\varphi}_{t}-t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\xi have uniform C∞C^{\infty} bounds on compact sets. We need to show that as tt goes to zero we have ut→(f∘p)∗​φu_{t}\to(f\circ p)^{*}\varphi in Cl​o​c∞​(B×ℂn−m,δ)C^{\infty}_{loc}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m},\delta), where f∗​φf^{*}\varphi is the C1,αC^{1,\alpha} limit of φt\varphi_{t} from [38]. To prove this we need another estimate from the second-named author’s work [38, (3.9)], which implies that there is a constant CC (that depends on the initial choice of BB) so that for all 0<t⩽10<t\leqslant 1 we have

(4.21) supy∈BoscMy​φt⩽C​t.\sup_{y\in B}\mathrm{osc}_{M_{y}}\varphi_{t}\leqslant Ct.

We now use this together with the fact that φt→f∗​φ\varphi_{t}\to f^{*}\varphi in C0C^{0} to get that for any (y,z)(y,z) in B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} we have

|φ~t​(y,z)−(f∘p)∗​φ​(y,z)|=|φt∘T−σ∘p⁡(y,zt)−φ⁡(y)|⩽|φt∘p⁡(y,zt−σ~​(y))−φt∘p⁡(y,z)|+|φt∘p⁡(y,z)−((f∗​φ)∘p)​(y)|⩽C​t+supU|φt−f∗​φ|,\begin{split}|\tilde{\varphi}_{t}(y,z)-(f\circ p)^{*}\varphi(y,z)|&=\left|\varphi_{t}\circ T_{-\sigma}\circ p\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}\right)-\varphi(y)\right|\\ &\leqslant\left|\varphi_{t}\circ p\left(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}-\tilde{\sigma}(y)\right)-\varphi_{t}\circ p(y,z)\right|\\ &\ \ \ \ +|\varphi_{t}\circ p(y,z)-((f^{*}\varphi)\circ p)(y)|\\ &\leqslant Ct+\sup_{U}|\varphi_{t}-f^{*}\varphi|,\end{split}

where in the last line we used (4.21) because the points p​(y,zt−σ~​(y))p(y,\frac{z}{\sqrt{t}}-\tilde{\sigma}(y)) and p⁡(y,z)p(y,z) lie in the same fiber MyM_{y}. Letting tt go to zero we see that φ~t→(f∘p)∗​φ\tilde{\varphi}_{t}\to(f\circ p)^{*}\varphi in C0​(B×ℂn−m)C^{0}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}). On the other hand we have that t​λt∗​p∗​ξ→0t\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\xi\to 0 in C0​(B×ℂn−m)C^{0}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}), and so ut→(f∘p)∗​φu_{t}\to(f\circ p)^{*}\varphi in C0​(B×ℂn−m)C^{0}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}). Thanks to the higher order estimates for utu_{t}, we also have that ut→(f∘p)∗​φu_{t}\to(f\circ p)^{*}\varphi in Cl​o​c∞​(B×ℂn−m,δ)C^{\infty}_{loc}(B\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m},\delta), up to shrinking BB slightly. ∎

We can now complete the proof of Theorem 1.1.

Proof.

Recall that thanks to Lemma 4.7, on B×ℂn−mB\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m} we can write

λt∗​p∗​T−σ∗​ω~t−p∗​(ωS​F+f∗​ω)=Et,\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}-p^{*}(\omega_{SF}+f^{*}\omega)=E_{t},

where the error term EtE_{t} is a (1,1)(1,1)-form that goes to zero smoothly on compact sets. From (4.8) we also have that

Et=λt∗​p∗​(T−σ∗​ω~t−f∗​ω−t​ωS​F).E_{t}=\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}(T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}-f^{*}\omega-t\omega_{SF}).

If we restrict the form T−σ∗​ω~t−f∗​ω−t​ωS​FT_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}-f^{*}\omega-t\omega_{SF} to a fiber MyM_{y} and divide by tt we get

Ett|{y}×ℂn−m=λt∗​p∗​(T−σ∗​ω~t|Myt−ωS​F,y)\frac{E_{t}}{t}\bigg|_{\{y\}\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}}=\lambda_{t}^{*}p^{*}\left(\frac{T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}}{t}-\omega_{SF,y}\right)

Pulling back this via the map λ1/t\lambda_{1/t} (the inverse of λt\lambda_{t}) we get

λ1/t∗​Ett|{y}×ℂn−m=p∗​(T−σ∗​ω~t|Myt−ωS​F,y).\frac{\lambda_{1/t}^{*}E_{t}}{t}\bigg|_{\{y\}\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}}=p^{*}\left(\frac{T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}}{t}-\omega_{SF,y}\right).

Explicitly we have λ1/t​(y,z)=(y,z​t)\lambda_{1/t}(y,z)=(y,z\sqrt{t}), which implies that λ1/t∗​d​zi=t​d​zi\lambda_{1/t}^{*}dz^{i}=\sqrt{t}dz^{i}, and so

λ1/t∗​Ett|{y}×ℂn−m​(y,z)=Et|{y}×ℂn−m​(y,z​t),\frac{\lambda_{1/t}^{*}E_{t}}{t}\bigg|_{\{y\}\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}}(y,z)=E_{t}\bigg|_{\{y\}\times\mathbb{C}^{n-m}}(y,z\sqrt{t}),

which goes to zero smoothly as tt approaches zero, uniformly in yy. It follows that T−σ∗​ω~t|Myt\frac{T_{-\sigma}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}}{t} converges smoothly to ωS​F,y\omega_{SF,y}, and the convergence is uniform as yy varies on compact sets of N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S). Pulling back via TσT_{\sigma}, and using the fact that Tσ∗​ωS​F,y=ωS​F,yT_{\sigma}^{*}\omega_{SF,y}=\omega_{SF,y}, we see that also ω~t|Myt\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}}{t} converges smoothly to ωS​F,y\omega_{SF,y}, as desired. ∎

Remark 4.8.

Note that in particular we get the estimate

supMy|∇(ω~|My)|ωM2⩽C​t2,\sup_{M_{y}}\left|\nabla(\tilde{\omega}|_{M_{y}})\right|^{2}_{\omega_{M}}\leqslant Ct^{2},

which improves [38, (2.11)].

We now give a second proof of (1.3). In fact we show that in general (1.3) follows from Proposition 4.6, without assuming that MM is projective or that the fibers MyM_{y} are tori (in general MyM_{y} is a Calabi-Yau manifold). This will finish the proof of Theorem 1.1.

Proposition 4.9.

Assume the same setting as in the Introduction, except that MM need not be projective and MyM_{y} need not be a torus. If we have that

(4.22) ω~t→f∗​ω\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to f^{*}\omega

in Cl​o​c∞​(M\S,ωM)C^{\infty}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}), where ω\omega is as before, then on each fiber MyM_{y} with y∈N\f⁡(S)y\in N\backslash f(S) we have

(4.23) ω~t|Myt→ωS​F,y,\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}}{t}\to\omega_{SF,y},

where ωS​F,y\omega_{SF,y} is the unique Ricci–flat metric on MyM_{y} cohomologous to ωM|My\omega_{M}|_{M_{y}} and the convergence is smooth and uniform as yy varies on a compact subset of N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S).

Proof.

For simplicity of notation call ωy=ωM|My\omega_{y}=\omega_{M}|_{M_{y}} and ω~y=ω~t|My\tilde{\omega}_{y}=\tilde{\omega}_{t}|_{M_{y}}. On each fiber MyM_{y} we have that Ric⁡(ωy)=−1​∂∂¯​Fy\Ric(\omega_{y})=\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}F_{y} for some smooth function FyF_{y} normalized by ∫My(eFy−1)​ωyn−m=0\int_{M_{y}}(e^{F_{y}}-1)\omega_{y}^{n-m}=0. The functions FyF_{y} vary smoothly in y∈N\f⁡(S)y\in N\backslash f(S), because so do the Kähler metrics ωy\omega_{y}. The unique Ricci–flat metric on MyM_{y} cohomologous to ωy\omega_{y} is given by ωS​F,y=ωy+−1​∂∂¯​ζy\omega_{SF,y}=\omega_{y}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\zeta_{y} and solves the complex Monge-Ampère equation on MyM_{y}

ωS​F,yn−m=(ωy+−1​∂∂¯​ζy)n−m=eFy​ωyn−m.\omega_{SF,y}^{n-m}=(\omega_{y}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\zeta_{y})^{n-m}=e^{F_{y}}\omega_{y}^{n-m}.

Recall from [38, Section 2] that we have

ω0m∧ωMn−m=H​ωMn,\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{M}^{n-m}=H\omega_{M}^{n},

where H⩾0H\geqslant 0 is a smooth function on MM that vanishes precisely on SS. A simple calculation [38, (3.5)] shows that on MyM_{y} we have

Ric(ωy)=−−1∂∂¯logH+(Ric(ωM))|My=−−1∂∂¯logH,\Ric(\omega_{y})=-\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\log H+(\Ric(\omega_{M}))|_{M_{y}}=-\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\log H,

since we picked ωM\omega_{M} to be Ricci–flat. It follows that on MyM_{y} the functions FyF_{y} and −log⁡H-\log H differ by a constant, which we can identify as follows: thanks to Yau’s estimates, the functions ζy\zeta_{y} vary smoothly in yy and so they define a smooth function ζ\zeta on M\SM\backslash S. We then defined ωS​F=ωM+−1​∂∂¯​ζ\omega_{SF}=\omega_{M}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\zeta, which is a semi-flat form on M\SM\backslash S (here semi-flat means that its restriction to each fiber MyM_{y} is Ricci–flat). This semi-flat form is in general different from the one constructed locally in section 3, although they are equal when restricted to each fiber MyM_{y}. Even though ωS​F\omega_{SF} is not necessarily nonnegative, on M\SM\backslash S the (n,n)(n,n)-form ωS​Fn−m∧ω0m\omega_{SF}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m} is strictly positive, and so we can define a smooth positive function GG on M\SM\backslash S by

(4.24) G=ωMnω0m∧ωS​Fn−m.G=\frac{\omega_{M}^{n}}{\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{SF}^{n-m}}.

It is shown in [35, Lemma 3.3], [38, p.445] that GG is a positive constant on each fiber MyM_{y}, and we claim we have

(4.25) eFy=1G​H.e^{F_{y}}=\frac{1}{GH}.

This is because on MyM_{y} we have

1H=ωMnω0m∧ωMn−m=ωMnω0m∧ωS​Fn−m⋅ωS​F,yn−mωyn−m=G​eFy.\frac{1}{H}=\frac{\omega_{M}^{n}}{\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{M}^{n-m}}=\frac{\omega_{M}^{n}}{\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{SF}^{n-m}}\cdot\frac{\omega_{SF,y}^{n-m}}{\omega_{y}^{n-m}}=Ge^{F_{y}}.

On MyM_{y} we can then write, using (1.1), (4.25)

(4.26) (ω~yt)n−m=tm−n​ω~yn−mωyn−m​ωyn−m=tm−n​ω~yn−m∧ω0mωMn−m∧ω0m​ωyn−m=ω~yn−m∧ω0mω~tn⋅ctH​ωyn−m=ω~yn−m∧ω0mω~tn​(ct​G)​eFy​ωyn−m.\begin{split}\left(\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}\right)^{n-m}&=t^{m-n}\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}}{\omega_{y}^{n-m}}\omega_{y}^{n-m}=t^{m-n}\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\omega_{M}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}\omega_{y}^{n-m}\\ &=\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{n}}\cdot\frac{c_{t}}{H}\omega_{y}^{n-m}\\ &=\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{n}}(c_{t}G)e^{F_{y}}\omega_{y}^{n-m}.\end{split}

We also have a pointwise identity on MyM_{y}

ω~yn−m∧ω0mω~tn=ω~yn−m∧ω0m(nm)​ω~yn−m∧ω~tm=ωyn−m∧ω0m(nm)​ωyn−m∧ω~tm,\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{n}}=\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\binom{n}{m}\tilde{\omega}_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{m}}=\frac{\omega_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\binom{n}{m}\omega_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{m}},

and we will write

ft=ct​G​ωyn−m∧ω0m(nm)​ωyn−m∧ω~tm,f_{t}=c_{t}G\frac{\omega_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\binom{n}{m}\omega_{y}^{n-m}\wedge\tilde{\omega}_{t}^{m}},

so that we can recast (4.26) as

(4.27) (ω~yt)n−m=ft​ωS​F,yn−m.\left(\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}\right)^{n-m}=f_{t}\omega_{SF,y}^{n-m}.

Notice that the functions ftf_{t} are the restriction to MyM_{y} of smooth functions on M\SM\backslash S. We claim that as tt approaches zero the functions ftf_{t} converge to 11 in Cl​o​c∞​(M\S,ωM)C^{\infty}_{loc}(M\backslash S,\omega_{M}). To see this, first of all note that by definition we have

(4.28) limt→0ct=(nm)​∫Mω0m∧ωMn−m∫MωMn>0,\lim_{t\to 0}c_{t}=\binom{n}{m}\frac{\int_{M}\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{M}^{n-m}}{\int_{M}\omega_{M}^{n}}>0,

see also [10], [38, (2.6)]. We now use the assumption (4.22), and so the functions ftf_{t} converge smoothly to

(4.29) G​(nm)​∫Mω0m∧ωMn−m∫MωMn⋅ωMn−m∧ω0m(nm)​ωMn−m∧(f∗​ω)m.G\binom{n}{m}\frac{\int_{M}\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{M}^{n-m}}{\int_{M}\omega_{M}^{n}}\cdot\frac{\omega_{M}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\binom{n}{m}\omega_{M}^{n-m}\wedge(f^{*}\omega)^{m}}.

To see why this equals one, recall from [38, (4.3)] that the limit metric ω\omega on N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S) satisfies

(4.30) ωm=G​∫Mω0m∧ωMn−m∫MωMn​ωNm,\omega^{m}=G\frac{\int_{M}\omega_{0}^{m}\wedge\omega_{M}^{n-m}}{\int_{M}\omega_{M}^{n}}\omega_{N}^{m},

where our function GG is defined so that it differs from the function FF in [38, (4.3)] by the constant factor ∫M(ω0+ωM)n/∫MωMn\int_{M}(\omega_{0}+\omega_{M})^{n}/\int_{M}\omega_{M}^{n}. Substituting (4.30) into (4.29) we see that the limit of ftf_{t} equals

ωMn−m∧ω0mωMn−m∧(f∗​ωN)m=1.\frac{\omega_{M}^{n-m}\wedge\omega_{0}^{m}}{\omega_{M}^{n-m}\wedge(f^{*}\omega_{N})^{m}}=1.

Note now that from the main result of [38] we have that on each fiber MyM_{y}

(4.31) C−1​ωy⩽ω~yt⩽C​ωy,C^{-1}\omega_{y}\leqslant\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}\leqslant C\omega_{y},

where CC is uniform as yy varies in a compact set of N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S). From the definition on MyM_{y} we have

ω~yt=ωy+−1​∂∂¯​(φtt),\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}=\omega_{y}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\left(\frac{\varphi_{t}}{t}\right),

where φtt\frac{\varphi_{t}}{t} satisfies the C0C^{0} estimate (4.21). The metrics ω~yt\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t} satisfy the complex Monge-Ampère equations on MyM_{y}

(4.32) (ω~yt)n−m=(ωy+−1​∂∂¯​(φtt))n−m=ft​eFy​ωyn−m,\left(\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}\right)^{n-m}=\left(\omega_{y}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\overline{\partial}\left(\frac{\varphi_{t}}{t}\right)\right)^{n-m}=f_{t}e^{F_{y}}\omega_{y}^{n-m},

and we have just shown that the functions ft​eFyf_{t}e^{F_{y}} are bounded in C∞​(My,ωy)C^{\infty}(M_{y},\omega_{y}) and away from zero, so we can apply the theory of Evans-Krylov and Schauder estimates on MyM_{y} to (4.32) (using (4.21) and (4.31)) to get bounds

‖ω~yt‖Ck​(My,ωy)⩽C⁡(k),\left\|\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t}\right\|_{C^{k}(M_{y},\omega_{y})}\leqslant C(k),

independent of tt. It follows that given any sequence ti→0t_{i}\to 0 we can find a subsequence (still denoted by tit_{i}) and a smooth Kähler metric αy\alpha_{y} on MyM_{y} so that ω~yti→αy\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t_{i}}\to\alpha_{y} in C∞​(ωy)C^{\infty}(\omega_{y}). Equation (4.27) in the limit becomes

αyn−m=ωS​F,yn−m,\alpha_{y}^{n-m}=\omega_{SF,y}^{n-m},

and so by the uniqueness of Ricci–flat metrics in a given cohomology class we must have αy=ωS​F,y\alpha_{y}=\omega_{SF,y}. Therefore the whole sequence ω~yt\frac{\tilde{\omega}_{y}}{t} converges smoothly to ωS​F,y\omega_{SF,y} as desired, and the convergence is uniform as yy varies on compact sets of N\f⁡(S)N\backslash f(S). ∎

Remark 4.10.

In fact the proof of Proposition 4.9 shows that if we just have that ω~t→f∗​ω\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to f^{*}\omega in Cl​o​c0​(M\S)C^{0}_{loc}(M\backslash S) (or in the C2C^{2} topology of Kähler potentials) then (1.3) holds in the C1,αC^{1,\alpha} topology of Kähler potentials. It seems that just having ω~t→f∗​ω\tilde{\omega}_{t}\to f^{*}\omega in the C1,αC^{1,\alpha} topology of Kähler potentials (which is proved in [38] in general) is not quite enough to deduce (1.3).

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.