ScalingStacks

4.6 Gluing the regions [023Z]

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4.6 Gluing the regions

We now glue the potential uu in the generic region 1≪min⁡{x1,x2}1\ll\min\{x_{1},x_{2}\}, and the potential ϕD1(2)\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)} in the region x1≫|x2|+1x_{1}\gg|x_{2}|+1 (and a completely similar potential ϕD2(2)\phi_{D_{2}}^{(2)} in the region x2≫|x1|+1x_{2}\gg|x_{1}|+1). We now take a smooth cutoff function η:ℝ→[0,1]\eta:\mathbb{R}\to[0,1], with

η⁡(x)={1,x≤1,0,x≥2.\eta(x)=\begin{cases}1,\quad x\leq 1,\\ 0,\quad x\geq 2.\end{cases}

The glued potential is defined for |x1|+|x2|≫1|x_{1}|+|x_{2}|\gg 1,

ϕg​l​u​e=η⁡(C~​x2x1)​(ϕD1(2)−u)+η⁡(C~​x1x2)​(ϕD2(2)−u)+u,\phi_{glue}=\eta(\tilde{C}\frac{x_{2}}{x_{1}})(\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)}-u)+\eta(\tilde{C}\frac{x_{1}}{x_{2}})(\phi_{D_{2}}^{(2)}-u)+u, (35)

where C~≫1\tilde{C}\gg 1 is some large fixed constant, specifying the gluing region x1∼C~​x2x_{1}\sim\tilde{C}x_{2} (resp. x2∼C~​x1x_{2}\sim\tilde{C}x_{1}). For large x1≥C~​x~2x_{1}\geq\tilde{C}\tilde{x}_{2}, then ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} agrees with ϕD1(2)\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)}, while for 2​C~​x~2≤x1≤(2​C~)−1​x22\tilde{C}\tilde{x}_{2}\leq x_{1}\leq(2\tilde{C})^{-1}x_{2}, then ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} agrees with uu.

Lemma 4.12.

For |x1|+|x2|≫1|x_{1}|+|x_{2}|\gg 1, the local Ck,αC^{k,\alpha}-norm of the metric gluing error

‖η⁡(C~​x2x1)​(ϕD1(2)−u)‖k,α,l​o​c=O⁡(x1−2​n−1n−1).\left\lVert\eta(\tilde{C}\frac{x_{2}}{x_{1}})(\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)}-u)\right\rVert_{k,\alpha,loc}=O(x_{1}^{-\frac{2n-1}{n-1}}).

In particular the glued metric remains Kähler.

Proof.

In the gluing region x1∼C~​x2x_{1}\sim\tilde{C}x_{2}, namely x1,x2x_{1},x_{2} and x~1\tilde{x}_{1} are comparably large, the deviation between ϕD1(2)\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)} and uu comes from the O⁡(e−c​x21/2)O(e^{-cx_{2}^{1/2}}) small deviation between the Tian-Yau potential and the Calabi ansatz, and the correction term x~1n+2n−2​nn−1​U\tilde{x}_{1}^{\frac{n+2}{n}-\frac{2n}{n-1}}U. Ignoring the exponentially small effects, the only important term is x~1n+2n−2​nn−1​x21n−1\tilde{x}_{1}^{\frac{n+2}{n}-\frac{2n}{n-1}}x_{2}^{\frac{1}{n-1}}. We compute from Lemma 4.7

‖d​dc​(η​x~1n+2n−2​nn−1​x21n−1)‖k,α,l​o​c=O⁡(x1n+2n−2​nn−1+1n−1−2+n−2n)=O⁡(x1−2​n−1n−1).\left\lVert dd^{c}(\eta\tilde{x}_{1}^{\frac{n+2}{n}-\frac{2n}{n-1}}x_{2}^{\frac{1}{n-1}})\right\rVert_{k,\alpha,loc}=O(x_{1}^{\frac{n+2}{n}-\frac{2n}{n-1}+\frac{1}{n-1}-2+\frac{n-2}{n}})=O(x_{1}^{-\frac{2n-1}{n-1}}).

∎

We also need to extend the gluing ansatz to a Kähler metric over the compact region with x1,x2=O⁡(1)x_{1},x_{2}=O(1). We can first extend ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} to a smooth potential over XX, which may not be Kähler inside a fixed compact set. Taking a very ample linear system H0​(X¯,m⁡(d1+d2)​L0)H^{0}(\bar{X},m(d_{1}+d_{2})L_{0}) for m≫1m\gg 1, we can construct a Fubini-Study metric on X¯\bar{X}. Using the defining section S1​S2∈H0​(X¯,(d1+d2)​L0)S_{1}S_{2}\in H^{0}(\bar{X},(d_{1}+d_{2})L_{0}) of the divisor D1+D2D_{1}+D_{2}, we can regard the Fubini-Study metric as a function on X=X¯∖D1∪D2X=\bar{X}\setminus D_{1}\cup D_{2}, of the form

ϕF​S=log∑i|si(S1​S2)m|2.\phi_{FS}=\log\sum_{i}|\frac{s_{i}}{(S_{1}S_{2})^{m}}|^{2}.

Clearly ϕF​S\phi_{FS} tends to infinity near D1∪D2D_{1}\cup D_{2} at a speed comparable to x1+x2x_{1}+x_{2}. We take some large constant A≫1A\gg 1, and R≫1R\gg 1 depending on AA, and add to ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} the term A​ϕF​S​η​(ϕF​SR).A\phi_{FS}\eta(\frac{\phi_{FS}}{R}). Intuitively, the cutoff function η\eta turns off the Fubini-Study potential outside a large compact subset. By making AA large enough, we can improve ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} to be Kähler in a fixed compact set. For R≫1R\gg 1, the cutoff error in the region ϕF​S∼R\phi_{FS}\sim R is suppressed by d​dc​ϕg​l​u​edd^{c}\phi_{glue}, and the metric remains positive. By a slight abuse, we shall continue to use ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} to refer to the global Kähler metric on XX.

Define the volume error function E​r​r2Err_{2} by

(d​dc​ϕg​l​u​e)n=K0​(1+E​r​r2)​−1n2​Ω∧Ω¯.(dd^{c}\phi_{glue})^{n}=K_{0}(1+Err_{2})\sqrt{-1}^{n^{2}}\Omega\wedge\overline{\Omega}. (36)
Corollary 4.13.

The volume form error of the glued ansatz is

‖E​r​r2‖k,α,l​o​c=O⁡((1+|x1|+|x2|)−2​n−1n−1).\left\lVert Err_{2}\right\rVert_{k,\alpha,loc}=O((1+|x_{1}|+|x_{2}|)^{-\frac{2n-1}{n-1}}).
Proof.

For |x2|+1≪x1|x_{2}|+1\ll x_{1}, Lemma 4.11 says that the volume form error of ϕD1(2)\phi_{D_{1}}^{(2)} is O⁡(x1−2​nn−1​x21n−1)=O⁡(x1−2​n−1n−1)O(x_{1}^{-\frac{2n}{n-1}}x_{2}^{\frac{1}{n-1}})=O(x_{1}^{-\frac{2n-1}{n-1}}). In the gluing region x1∼C~​x2x_{1}\sim\tilde{C}x_{2}, the volume form error is controlled by the metric gluing error, which is again O⁡(x1−2​n−1n−1)O(x_{1}^{-\frac{2n-1}{n-1}}) by Lemma 4.12. What happens near D2D_{2} is completely analogous. Finally, in the compact region x1,x2=O⁡(1)x_{1},x_{2}=O(1), the smoothness of ϕg​l​u​e\phi_{glue} means that the local Ck,αC^{k,\alpha}-norm is O⁡(1)O(1). ∎

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