ScalingStacks

Proof. [01Z9]

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Proof.

The proof is by contradiction. So let us assume for some ϵ>0\epsilon>0 there is no such δ⁡(v,ϵ)>0\delta({\rm v},\epsilon)>0. Thus, we have a sequence of spaces (Mj4,gj,pj)(M^{4}_{j},g_{j},p_{j}) with Vol⁡(B1​(pj))>v>0{\rm Vol}(B_{1}(p_{j}))>{\rm v}>0, |RicMj4|≤δj→0|{\rm Ric}_{M^{4}_{j}}|\leq\delta_{j}\to 0 and |𝒱4​(pj)−𝒱1/4​(pj)|<δj→0|\mathcal{V}_{4}(p_{j})-\mathcal{V}_{1/4}(p_{j})|<\delta_{j}\to 0, but the conclusions of the theorem fail. After passing to a subsequence we can take a limit

(Mj4,dj,pj)⟶dG​H(X,d,p).\displaystyle(M^{4}_{j},d_{j},p_{j})\stackrel{{\scriptstyle d_{GH}}}{{\longrightarrow}}(X,d,p)\,. (8.5)

Using the almost volume cone implies almost metric cone theorem of [ChCo1], we then have

B4​(p)=B4​(y0),\displaystyle B_{4}(p)=B_{4}\big(y_{0})\,, (8.6)

where y0∈C⁡(Y)y_{0}\in C(Y) is the cone vertex and YY some metric space of diameter ≤π\leq\pi.

Now using Theorem 1.1, we know that away from a set of codimension 44 in C⁡(Y)C(Y), the harmonic radius rh>0r_{h}>0 is bounded uniformly from below. Assume there is some point y∈Yy\in Y such that rh​(y)=0r_{h}(y)=0 and consider the ray γy\gamma_{y} in C⁡(Y)C(Y) through the point yy. In that case, it would follow that for every point of γy\gamma_{y}, the harmonic radius rh=0r_{h}=0 vanishes. The ray γ\gamma has Hausdorff dimension 11, and therefore its existence would contradict Theorem 1.1. Thus, we conclude that rh>0r_{h}>0 and that Y=(Y,gY)Y=(Y,g_{Y}) is a C1,α∩W2,qC^{1,\alpha}\cap W^{2,q} manifold for every α<1\alpha<1 and q<∞q<\infty.

Now by writing the formula for the Ricci tensor in harmonic coordinates and using |RicMj4|→0|{\rm Ric}_{M^{4}_{j}}|\to 0, it follows that C⁡(Y)C(Y) is smooth and Ricci flat away from the vertex. In particular, since C⁡(Y)C(Y) is a metric cone over YY, we must RicY3=3​gY{\rm Ric}_{Y^{3}}=3g^{Y}. Since in dimension 33, constant Ricci curvature implies constant sectional curvature, it follows Y=S3/ΓY=S^{3}/\Gamma has constant sectional curvature ≡1\equiv 1. Additionally, we know from the volume bound, Vol⁡(B1​(p))>v>0{\rm Vol}(B_{1}(p))>{\rm v}>0, that the order |Γ|<N⁡(v)|\Gamma|<N({\rm v}) is uniformly bounded. In particular, we have that C⁡(Y)=ℝ4/ΓC(Y)=\mathds{R}^{4}/\Gamma is an orbifold with an isolated singularity.

It now follows that there exists r0​(v)>0r_{0}({\rm v})>0 such that for y∈ℝ4/Γy\in\mathds{R}^{4}/\Gamma with |y|=1|y|=1, we have

B2​r0​(y)=B2​r0​(04),\displaystyle B_{2r_{0}}(y)=B_{2r_{0}}(0^{4})\,, (8.7)

where 04∈ℝ40^{4}\in\mathds{R}^{4}. In particular, for all jj sufficiently large, we have from the standard ϵ\epsilon-regularity theorem, Theorem 2.3, that for all x∈Aϵ,2​(pj)x\in A_{\epsilon,2}(p_{j}), the harmonic radius, rh​(x)>r0​(v,ϵ)=r0​(v)​ϵr_{h}(x)>r_{0}({\rm v},\epsilon)=r_{0}({\rm v})\epsilon is bounded uniformly from below independent of jj. Thus, if there exists ϵ\epsilon as above, for which there is no δ⁡(v,ϵ)\delta({\rm v},\epsilon), it must be (2) that fails to hold.

However, by using again the diffeomorphism statement of Theorem 8.1, we have that for jj sufficiently large, there exists diffeomorphisms

Φj:Aϵ,2​(0)→Mj4,\displaystyle\Phi_{j}:A_{\epsilon,2}(0)\to M^{4}_{j}\,, (8.8)

such that

Φj∗​gj⟶C1,α∩W2,qd​r2+r2​gY.\displaystyle\Phi_{j}^{*}g_{j}\stackrel{{\scriptstyle C^{1,\alpha}\cap W^{2,q}}}{{\longrightarrow}}dr^{2}+r^{2}g_{Y}\,. (8.9)

For jj sufficiently large, this implies that (2) holds; a contradiction. ∎

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