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4. Local special lagrangian fibrations [05DS]

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4. Local special lagrangian fibrations

In this section, we study the deformation of special lagrangian fibrations under the convergence of Calabi-Yau metrics. Let (Y,ω,g,J,Ω)(Y,\omega,g,J,\Omega) be a complete flat Calabi-Yau nn-manifold.

Condition 4.1.

Assume that

  • i)

    Y=Tn×ℝnY=T^{n}\times\mathbb{R}^{n}, g=h+hEg=h+h_{E}, and the natural projection f:Y⟶ℝnf:Y\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} is a special lagrangian fibration of (Y,ω,Ω)(Y,\omega,\Omega), where Tn=ℝn/ΛT^{n}=\mathbb{R}^{n}/\Lambda is a torus, Λ\Lambda is a lattice in ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n}, hEh_{E} is the standard Euclidean metric on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n}, and hh is the standard flat metric induced by hEh_{E}.

  • ii)

    We assume that there are parallel 1-forms d​x1,⋯,d​xndx_{1},\cdots,dx_{n} on (Tn,h)(T^{n},h), which are pointwise linear independent, and coordinates y1,⋯,yny_{1},\cdots,y_{n} on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n} such that

    g=h+hE=∑(d​xj2+d​yj2),ω=∑d​xj∧d​yj,Ω=⋀j=1n(d​xj+−1​d​yj).g=h+h_{E}=\sum(dx_{j}^{2}+dy_{j}^{2}),\ \ \ \omega=\sum dx_{j}\wedge dy_{j},\ \ \ \Omega=\bigwedge_{j=1}^{n}(dx_{j}+\sqrt{-1}dy_{j}).
  • iii)

    There is a family of Calabi-Yau structures (ωk,gk,Jk,Ωk)(\omega_{k},g_{k},J_{k},\Omega_{k}) converging to (ω,g,J,Ω)(\omega,g,J,\Omega) in the C∞C^{\infty}-sense on Y2​r=Tn×BhE​(0,2​r)Y_{2r}=T^{n}\times B_{h_{E}}(0,2r) for a r≫1r\gg 1, where BhE​(0,2​r)={y∈ℝn|‖y‖hE<2​r}B_{h_{E}}(0,2r)=\{y\in\mathbb{R}^{n}|\|y\|_{h_{E}}<2r\}. Moreover, ωk∈[ω]∈H2​(Y2​r,ℝ)\omega_{k}\in[\omega]\in H^{2}(Y_{2r},\mathbb{R}).

  • vi)

    There is a finite group Γ\Gamma acting on Y2​rY_{2r} preserving ωk,gk,Ωk,ω,g,Ω\omega_{k},g_{k},\Omega_{k},\omega,g,\Omega, and Tn×{0}T^{n}\times\{0\} is a invariant set. The Γ\Gamma-action is a product action on Tn×BhE​(0,2​r)T^{n}\times B_{h_{E}}(0,2r). The natural projection f:Y⟶ℝnf:Y\longrightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} is Γ\Gamma-equivariant.

The goal of this section is to construct equivariant special lagrangian fibrations on (Yr,ωk,Ωk)(Y_{r},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) for k≫1k\gg 1.

Denote L=Tn×{0}L=T^{n}\times\{0\}, which is a special lagrangian submanifold of (Y,ω,Ω)(Y,\omega,\Omega), i.e. ω|L=0\omega|_{L}=0 and Im​Ω|L=0{\rm Im}\Omega|_{L}=0. Note that we can identify YY with the total space of the normal bundle ν⁡(L)\nu(L) by the exponential map from ν⁡(L)\nu(L) to YY, expL,g:(x,∑jyj​∂∂yj)↦(x,y)\exp_{L,g}:(x,\sum_{j}y_{j}\frac{\partial}{\partial y_{j}})\mapsto(x,y) where x∈Lx\in L and y=(y1,⋯,yn)y=(y_{1},\cdots,y_{n}). There is a canonical bundle isomorphism from ν⁡(L)\nu(L) to the cotangent bundle T∗​LT^{*}L given by v↦ι⁡(v)​ωv\mapsto\iota(v)\omega where v∈νx​(L)v\in\nu_{x}(L). Thus we can identify YY with the total space of T∗​LT^{*}L by the map

(1) (x,y)↦(x,ι⁡(∑jyj​∂∂yj)​ω)=(x,∑jyj​d​xj),(x,y)\mapsto(x,\iota(\sum_{j}y_{j}\frac{\partial}{\partial y_{j}})\omega)=(x,\sum_{j}y_{j}dx_{j}),

where x∈Lx\in L and y=(y1,⋯,yn)∈ℝny=(y_{1},\cdots,y_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}. We do not distinguish YY with T∗​LT^{*}L in this section for convenience. For a 1-form σ\sigma on LL, and a y∈ℝny\in\mathbb{R}^{n}, which can be regarded as a 1-form from above,

L⁡(y,σ)={(x,y+σ⁡(x))|x∈L}L(y,\sigma)=\{(x,y+\sigma(x))|x\in L\}

denotes the graph of y+σy+\sigma, i.e. y=∑yj​d​xjy=\sum y_{j}dx_{j}, σ=∑σj​d​xj\sigma=\sum\sigma_{j}dx_{j}, and

L⁡(y,σ)={(x,y1+σ1​(x),⋯,yn+σn​(x))|x∈L}.L(y,\sigma)=\{(x,y_{1}+\sigma_{1}(x),\cdots,y_{n}+\sigma_{n}(x))|x\in L\}.

There are two constants ak>0a_{k}>0 and θk∈ℝ\theta_{k}\in\mathbb{R}, for any kk, such that

∫LΩk=ak​e−−1​θk​∫LΩ0=ak​e−−1​θk​∫LRe​Ω0,\int_{L}\Omega_{k}=a_{k}e^{-\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}\int_{L}\Omega_{0}=a_{k}e^{-\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}\int_{L}{\rm Re}\Omega_{0},

limk⟶∞ak=1\lim\limits_{k\longrightarrow\infty}a_{k}=1 and limk⟶∞θk=0\lim\limits_{k\longrightarrow\infty}\theta_{k}=0 by the smooth convergence of Ωk\Omega_{k}. There are real 1-forms αk\alpha_{k} and complex value (n−1)(n-1)-forms βk\beta_{k} such that

ωk=ω0−d​αk,Ωk=ak​e−−1​θk​(Ω0+d​βk)\omega_{k}=\omega_{0}-d\alpha_{k},\ \ \ \Omega_{k}=a_{k}e^{-\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}(\Omega_{0}+d\beta_{k})

by ωk∈[ω]∈H2​(Y2​r,ℝ)\omega_{k}\in[\omega]\in H^{2}(Y_{2r},\mathbb{R}). By the smooth convergence of ωk\omega_{k} and Ωk\Omega_{k},

(2) limk⟶∞‖d​αk‖C2​(Y2​r,g)=limk⟶∞‖d​βk‖C2​(Y2​r,g)=0.\lim_{k\longrightarrow\infty}\|d\alpha_{k}\|_{C^{2}(Y_{2r},g)}=\lim_{k\longrightarrow\infty}\|d\beta_{k}\|_{C^{2}(Y_{2r},g)}=0.

Define a diffeomorphism Π:L⟶L⁡(y,σ)\Pi:L\longrightarrow L(y,\sigma) by x↦(x,y+σ⁡(x))x\mapsto(x,y+\sigma(x)) for a y∈ℝny\in\mathbb{R}^{n} and a 1-form σ\sigma on LL. If

(3) 𝔉k(y,σ)=(−Π∗ωk|L⁡(y,σ),∗hak−1Π∗Ime−1​θkΩk|L⁡(y,σ)),\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)=(-\Pi^{*}\omega_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)},*_{h}a_{k}^{-1}\Pi^{*}{\rm Im}e^{\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}\Omega_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)}),

where ∗h*_{h} is the Hodge star operator on (L,h)(L,h), then L⁡(y,σ)L(y,\sigma) is a special lagrangian submanifold of (Y,ωk,Ωk)(Y,\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) of phase θk\theta_{k} if and only if

𝔉k​(y,σ)=0.\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)=0.

A straightforward calculation (c.f. [28]) gives

(4) 𝔉k(y,σ)=(dσ+Π∗dαk|L⁡(y,σ),∗hd∗hσ+∗hΠ∗dImβk|L⁡(y,σ)).\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)=(d\sigma+\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)},*_{h}d*_{h}\sigma+*_{h}\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)}).

We denote Ωj​(L)\Omega^{j}(L) the space of jj-forms on LL, and define two Banach spaces 𝔅1=C1,α(dΩ0(L)⊕d∗hΩ2(L))\mathfrak{B}_{1}=C^{1,\alpha}(d\Omega^{0}(L)\oplus d^{*_{h}}\Omega^{2}(L)) and 𝔅2=C0,α(dΩ1(L)⊕d∗hΩ1(L))\mathfrak{B}_{2}=C^{0,\alpha}(d\Omega^{1}(L)\oplus d^{*_{h}}\Omega^{1}(L)). Then 𝔉k\mathfrak{F}_{k} defines a smooth map 𝔉k:𝒰⁡(r)⟶𝔅2\mathfrak{F}_{k}:\mathcal{U}(r)\longrightarrow\mathfrak{B}_{2} for any kk, where 𝒰⁡(r)={‖y‖hE+‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)<2​r|(y,σ)∈ℝn×𝔅1}\mathcal{U}(r)=\{\|y\|_{h_{E}}+\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}<2r|(y,\sigma)\in\mathbb{R}^{n}\times\mathfrak{B}_{1}\}.

Lemma 4.2.

For any y∈BhE​(0,2​r)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,2r),

‖𝔉k​(y,0)‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g),\|\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,0)\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)},

for a constant CC independent of kk.

Proof.

Since

𝔉k(y,0)=(Π∗dαk|L⁡(y,0),∗hΠ∗dImβk|L⁡(y,0)),\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,0)=(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,0)},*_{h}\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,0)}),

we obtain the conclusion by straightforward calculations. ∎

The differentials of 𝔉k​(y,σ)\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma) are

(5) Dσ𝔉k(y,σ)σ˙=(dσ˙,∗hd∗hσ˙)+(Dσ(Π∗dαk|L⁡(y,σ))σ˙,∗hDσ(Π∗dImβk|L⁡(y,σ))σ˙),D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)\dot{\sigma}=(d\dot{\sigma},*_{h}d*_{h}\dot{\sigma})+(D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{\sigma},*_{h}D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{\sigma}),
(6) Dy𝔉k(y,σ)y˙=(Dy(Π∗dαk|L⁡(y,σ))y˙,∗hDy(Π∗dImβk|L⁡(y,σ))y˙)D_{y}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)\dot{y}=(D_{y}(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{y},*_{h}D_{y}(\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{y})
andD​𝔉k​(y,σ)​(y˙+σ˙)=Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)​σ˙+Dy​𝔉k​(y,σ)​y˙.{\rm and}\ \ \ D\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)(\dot{y}+\dot{\sigma})=D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)\dot{\sigma}+D_{y}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)\dot{y}.

Under the frame field d​x1,⋯,d​xndx_{1},\cdots,dx_{n} and coordinates y1,⋯,yny_{1},\cdots,y_{n},

d​αk=∑i​j(αk,i​j​d​xi∧d​xj+αk,i⁡(n+j)​d​xi∧d​yj+αk,(n+i)​(n+j)​d​yi∧d​yj).d\alpha_{k}=\sum_{ij}(\alpha_{k,ij}dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\alpha_{k,i(n+j)}dx_{i}\wedge dy_{j}+\alpha_{k,(n+i)(n+j)}dy_{i}\wedge dy_{j}).

The differential is

D⁡(Π∗​d​αk|L⁡(y,σ))​(y˙+σ˙)\displaystyle D(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})(\dot{y}+\dot{\sigma}) =\displaystyle= ∑i​j​l(∂αk,i​j∂yl​(y˙l+σ˙l)​d​xi∧d​xj+αk,i⁡(n+j)​d​xi∧d​σ˙jCLOSE\displaystyle\sum_{ijl}(\frac{\partial\alpha_{k,ij}}{\partial y_{l}}(\dot{y}_{l}+\dot{\sigma}_{l})dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\alpha_{k,i(n+j)}dx_{i}\wedge d\dot{\sigma}_{j}
+∂αk,i⁡(n+j)∂yl​(y˙l+σ˙l)​d​xi∧d​σj+αk,(n+i)​(n+j)​d​σi∧d​σ˙j\displaystyle+\frac{\partial\alpha_{k,i(n+j)}}{\partial y_{l}}(\dot{y}_{l}+\dot{\sigma}_{l})dx_{i}\wedge d\sigma_{j}+\alpha_{k,(n+i)(n+j)}d\sigma_{i}\wedge d\dot{\sigma}_{j}
OPEN∂αk,(n+i)​(n+j)∂yl​(y˙l+σ˙l)​d​σi∧d​σj).\displaystyle\frac{\partial\alpha_{k,(n+i)(n+j)}}{\partial y_{l}}(\dot{y}_{l}+\dot{\sigma}_{l})d\sigma_{i}\wedge d\sigma_{j}).

We obtain

(7) ‖Dσ​(d​αk|L)​σ˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​αk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​‖σ˙‖C1,α​(L,h),\|D_{\sigma}(d\alpha_{k}|_{L})\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\alpha_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}\|\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)},
‖Dσ​(Π∗​d​αk|L⁡(y,σ))​σ˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​αk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,2‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)l)​‖σ˙‖C1,α​(L,h),\|D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\alpha_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,2}\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})\|\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)},
‖Dy​(Π∗​d​αk|L⁡(y,σ))​y˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​αk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,2‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)l)​‖y˙‖hE,\|D_{y}(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{y}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\alpha_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,2}\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})\|\dot{y}\|_{h_{E}},

for a constant CC independent of kk. The same argument gives

(8) ‖Dσ​(d​Im​βk|L)​σ˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​βk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​‖σ˙‖C1,α​(L,h),\|D_{\sigma}(d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L})\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\beta_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}\|\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)},
‖Dσ​(Π∗​d​Im​βk|L⁡(y,σ))​σ˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​βk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,⋯,n‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)l)​‖σ˙‖C1,α​(L,h),\|D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\beta_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,\cdots,n}\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})\|\dot{\sigma}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)},
‖Dy​(Π∗​d​Im​βk|L⁡(y,σ))​y˙‖C0,α​(L,h)≤C​‖d​βk‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,⋯,n‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)l)​‖y˙‖hE.\|D_{y}(\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})\dot{y}\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C\|d\beta_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,\cdots,n}\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})\|\dot{y}\|_{h_{E}}.
Lemma 4.3.

The operator Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0) is invertible for k≫1k\gg 1, and

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1‖≤C¯,\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}\|\leq\overline{C},

for a constant C¯>0\overline{C}>0 independent of kk.

Proof.

Note that

Dσ𝔉k(0,0)σ˙=(dσ˙,∗hd∗hσ˙)+(Dσ(dαk|L)σ˙,∗hDσ(dImβk|L)σ˙)=(𝒟+Vk)σ˙,D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)\dot{\sigma}=(d\dot{\sigma},*_{h}d*_{h}\dot{\sigma})+(D_{\sigma}(d\alpha_{k}|_{L})\dot{\sigma},*_{h}D_{\sigma}(d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L})\dot{\sigma})=(\mathcal{D}+V_{k})\dot{\sigma},

where 𝒟=d−∗hd∗h\mathcal{D}=d-*_{h}d*_{h} is the restriction of the Hodge Dirac operator d+d∗hd+d^{*_{h}} on the space of 1-forms, and, thus, is an elliptic operator of 1-order. By the standard elliptic estimate (c.f. Proposition 1.5.2 in [23] and [20]), we have

‖ξ‖C1,α​(L,h)≤CS​‖𝒟​ξ‖C0,α​(L,h),\|\xi\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq C_{S}\|\mathcal{D}\xi\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)},

for any ξ∈𝔅1\xi\in\mathfrak{B}_{1}, and a constant CSC_{S} independent of kk. Hence 𝒟\mathcal{D} is injective. From the definition of 𝔅2\mathfrak{B}_{2}, 𝒟\mathcal{D} is also surjective, which implies that 𝒟\mathcal{D} is invertible from 𝔅1\mathfrak{B}_{1} to 𝔅2\mathfrak{B}_{2}. Moreover,

‖𝒟−1‖≤CS.\|\mathcal{D}^{-1}\|\leq C_{S}.

By (7) and (8),

‖Vk‖≤C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)<12​CS,\|V_{k}\|\leq C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}<\frac{1}{2C_{S}},

for k≫1k\gg 1, and, thus,

‖𝒟−1​Vk‖<12.\|\mathcal{D}^{-1}V_{k}\|<\frac{1}{2}.

By the standard operator’s theory (c.f. [36]), Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)=𝒟+VkD_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)=\mathcal{D}+V_{k} is invertible, and the inverse operator is defined by

Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1=(∑j=0∞(−1)j​(𝒟−1​Vk)j)​𝒟−1.D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}=(\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}(-1)^{j}(\mathcal{D}^{-1}V_{k})^{j})\mathcal{D}^{-1}.

We obtain

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1‖≤(∑j=0∞2−j)​‖𝒟−1‖≤C¯,\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}\|\leq(\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}2^{-j})\|\mathcal{D}^{-1}\|\leq\overline{C},

for a constant C¯>0\overline{C}>0 independent of kk. ∎

Lemma 4.4.

For any δ0≪1\delta_{0}\ll 1, there is a constant k0≫1k_{0}\gg 1 such that, if ‖y‖hE≤3​r2\|y\|_{h_{E}}\leq\frac{3r}{2} and ‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)≤δ0\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq\delta_{0}, and k>k0k>k_{0}, then

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)‖≤12​C¯.\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)\|\leq\frac{1}{2\overline{C}}.

Furthermore, Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma) is also invertible, and

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−1‖≤2​C¯.\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)^{-1}\|\leq 2\overline{C}.
Proof.

By (5),

(Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0))​σ˙\displaystyle(D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0))\dot{\sigma} =\displaystyle= ((Dσ​(Π∗​d​αk|L⁡(y,σ))−Dσ​(d​αk|L))​σ˙CLOSE,\displaystyle((D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d\alpha_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})-D_{\sigma}(d\alpha_{k}|_{L}))\dot{\sigma},
∗h(Dσ(Π∗dImβk|L⁡(y,σ))−Dσ(dImβk|L))σ˙).\displaystyle*_{h}(D_{\sigma}(\Pi^{*}d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L(y,\sigma)})-D_{\sigma}(d{\rm Im}\beta_{k}|_{L}))\dot{\sigma}).

We can take a k0≫1k_{0}\gg 1 such that, for k>k0k>k_{0},

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)‖\displaystyle\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)\| ≤\displaystyle\leq 2​C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,⋯,n‖σ‖C1,α​(L,h)l)\displaystyle 2C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,\cdots,n}\|\sigma\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})
≤\displaystyle\leq 2​C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​n​δ0\displaystyle 2C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}n\delta_{0}
≤\displaystyle\leq 14​C¯,\displaystyle\frac{1}{4\overline{C}},

by (2), (7) and (8). We obtain the first formula in the conclusion.

Note that Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)=Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)+(Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0))D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)=D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)+(D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)), Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0) is invertible, and ‖Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1‖≤C¯\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}\|\leq\overline{C}. By the same arguments as in the proof of Lemma 4.3, and

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1​(Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0))‖≤12,\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}(D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0))\|\leq\frac{1}{2},

Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma) is also invertible, and

‖Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σ)−1‖≤(∑j=0∞2−j)​‖Dσ​𝔉k​(0,0)−1‖≤2​C¯.\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma)^{-1}\|\leq(\sum_{j=0}^{\infty}2^{-j})\|D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(0,0)^{-1}\|\leq 2\overline{C}.

∎

Lemma 4.5.

For a fixed δ<δ0\delta<\delta_{0}, there is a k1>k0k_{1}>k_{0} such that, for any y∈BhE​(0,3​r2)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,\frac{3r}{2}) and k>k1k>k_{1}, there is a unique σk​(y)∈𝔅1\sigma_{k}(y)\in\mathfrak{B}_{1}, such that

𝔉k​(y,σk​(y))=0,‖σk​(y)‖C1,α​(L,h)≤δ,\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k}(y))=0,\ \ \ \|\sigma_{k}(y)\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq\delta,

which implies that L​(y,σk​(y))L(y,\sigma_{k}(y)) is a special lagrangian submanifold of (Y2​r,ωk,Ωk)(Y_{2r},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}). Furthermore,

‖D​σk​(y)‖≤2​n​δ​C¯​C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g),\|D\sigma_{k}(y)\|\leq 2n\delta\overline{C}C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)},

for a constant CC independent of kk.

Proof.

Fix a δ<δ0\delta<\delta_{0}, there is a k1>k0k_{1}>k_{0} such that, for k>k1k>k_{1}, and any y∈BhE​(0,2​r)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,2r),

‖𝔉k​(y,0)‖C0,α​(L,h)≤δ4​C¯,\|\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,0)\|_{C^{0,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq\frac{\delta}{4\overline{C}},

by Lemma 4.2. By Theorem 2.3, Lemma 4.3 and 4.4, for any y∈BhE​(0,3​r2)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,\frac{3r}{2}) and k>k1k>k_{1}, there is a unique σk​(y)∈𝔅1\sigma_{k}(y)\in\mathfrak{B}_{1} such that

(9) 𝔉k​(y,σk​(y))=0,‖σk​(y)‖C1,α​(L,h)≤δ,\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k}(y))=0,\ \ \ \|\sigma_{k}(y)\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq\delta,

which implies that L​(y,σk​(y))L(y,\sigma_{k}(y)) is a special lagrangian submanifold of (Y2​r,ωk,Ωk)(Y_{2r},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}).

By (6) (7) and (8),

‖Dy​𝔉k​(y,σk)‖\displaystyle\|D_{y}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k})\| ≤\displaystyle\leq C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​(∑l=0,1,⋯,n‖σk‖C1,α​(L,h)l)\displaystyle C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}(\sum_{l=0,1,\cdots,n}\|\sigma_{k}\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}^{l})
≤\displaystyle\leq C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)​n​δ,\displaystyle C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}n\delta,

for a constant CC independent of kk. By Theorem 2.3,

D​σk​(y)​y˙=−Dσ​𝔉k​(y,σk)−1​Dy​𝔉k​(y,σk)​y˙.D\sigma_{k}(y)\dot{y}=-D_{\sigma}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k})^{-1}D_{y}\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k})\dot{y}.

We obtain the conclusion from Lemma 4.4. ∎

Proposition 4.6.

For k≫1k\gg 1, there is an open set Y2​r⊃Wk⊃YrY_{2r}\supset W_{k}\supset Y_{r} such that (Wk,ωk,Ωk)(W_{k},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) admits a equivariant special lagrangian fibration fk:Wk⟶Bkf_{k}:W_{k}\longrightarrow B_{k} of phase θk\theta_{k} over Bk⊂ℝnB_{k}\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}, i.e. there is a Γ\Gamma-action on BkB_{k}, fkf_{k} is a Γ\Gamma-equivariant map, and fkf_{k} is a special lagrangian fibration of phase θk\theta_{k}, i.e.

ωk|fk−1​(b)≡0,Im​e−1​θk​Ωk|fk−1​(b)≡0,\omega_{k}|_{f_{k}^{-1}(b)}\equiv 0,\ \ \ {\rm Im}e^{\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}\Omega_{k}|_{f_{k}^{-1}(b)}\equiv 0,

for any b∈Bkb\in B_{k}.

Proof.

By Lemma 4.5, there is a unique C1C^{1}-map

σk:BhE(0,3​r2)⟶C1,α(dΩ0(Tn)⊕d∗hΩ2(Tn)),byy↦σk(y),\sigma_{k}:B_{h_{E}}(0,\frac{3r}{2})\longrightarrow C^{1,\alpha}(d\Omega^{0}(T^{n})\oplus d^{*_{h}}\Omega^{2}(T^{n})),\ \ {\rm by}\ \ y\mapsto\sigma_{k}(y),

which satisfies

𝔉k​(y,σk​(y))=0,‖σk​(y)‖C1,α​(L,h)≤δ≪1,\mathfrak{F}_{k}(y,\sigma_{k}(y))=0,\ \ \ \|\sigma_{k}(y)\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(L,h)}\leq\delta\ll 1,
and‖D​σk​(y)‖≤2​n​δ​C¯​C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g).{\rm and}\ \ \ \|D\sigma_{k}(y)\|\leq 2n\delta\overline{C}C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}.

This implies

|∂σk,j​(y)∂yi|≤2​n​δ​C¯​C​‖(d​αk,d​βk)‖C1,α​(Y2​r,g)≪1,|\frac{\partial\sigma_{k,j}(y)}{\partial y_{i}}|\leq 2n\delta\overline{C}C\|(d\alpha_{k},d\beta_{k})\|_{C^{1,\alpha}(Y_{2r},g)}\ll 1,

for k≫k1>1k\gg k_{1}>1.

Define a map Ψk:Y32​r⟶Y2​r\Psi_{k}:Y_{\frac{3}{2}r}\longrightarrow Y_{2r} by

Ψk:(x,y)↦(x,y1+σk,1​(y),⋯,yn+σk,n​(y))=(x,y+σk​(y)).\Psi_{k}:(x,y)\mapsto(x,y_{1}+\sigma_{k,1}(y),\cdots,y_{n}+\sigma_{k,n}(y))=(x,y+\sigma_{k}(y)).

Note that the frame field d​x1,⋯,d​xndx_{1},\cdots,dx_{n} induces local coordinates x1,⋯,xnx_{1},\cdots,x_{n} around any point on LL, and the differential can be expressed as

d​Ψk:(x˙,y˙)↦(x˙j+∑∂σk,j​(y)∂xi​x˙i,y˙j+∑∂σk,j​(y)∂yi​y˙i)d\Psi_{k}:(\dot{x},\dot{y})\mapsto(\dot{x}_{j}+\sum\frac{\partial\sigma_{k,j}(y)}{\partial x_{i}}\dot{x}_{i},\dot{y}_{j}+\sum\frac{\partial\sigma_{k,j}(y)}{\partial y_{i}}\dot{y}_{i})

under such local coordinates. Thus d​Ψkd\Psi_{k} is an isomorphism when k≫1k\gg 1, which implies that Ψk\Psi_{k} is an immersion. Furthermore, for y1≠y2∈ℝny_{1}\neq y_{2}\in\mathbb{R}^{n},

Ψk​(x,y2)−Ψk​(x,y1)\displaystyle\Psi_{k}(x,y_{2})-\Psi_{k}(x,y_{1}) =\displaystyle= (x,⋯,∫01(1+∂σk,j​((1−t)​y2+t​y1)∂yj​𝑑t)​(y2,j−y1,j),⋯)\displaystyle(x,\cdots,\int_{0}^{1}(1+\frac{\partial\sigma_{k,j}((1-t)y_{2}+ty_{1})}{\partial y_{j}}dt)(y_{2,j}-y_{1,j}),\cdots)
≠\displaystyle\neq 0.\displaystyle 0.

Hence Ψk\Psi_{k} is an embedding.

Note that the Γ\Gamma-action on Y2​r=Tn×BhE​(0,2​r)Y_{2r}=T^{n}\times B_{h_{E}}(0,2r) preserves ωk,gk,Ωk,ω,g,Ω\omega_{k},g_{k},\Omega_{k},\omega,g,\Omega, and is a product action on Tn×BhE​(0,2​r)T^{n}\times B_{h_{E}}(0,2r), i.e. there are Γ\Gamma-actions on TnT^{n} and BhE​(0,2​r)B_{h_{E}}(0,2r) such that γ⋅(x,y)=(γ⋅x,γ⋅y)\gamma\cdot(x,y)=(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot y) for any γ∈Γ\gamma\in\Gamma, x∈Tnx\in T^{n}, and y∈BhE​(0,2​r)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,2r). Under the identification map (1),

(γ⋅x,γ⋅y)=(γ⋅x,ι⁡(γ∗​∑jyj​∂∂yj)​ω)\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot y)=(\gamma\cdot x,\iota(\gamma_{*}\sum_{j}y_{j}\frac{\partial}{\partial y_{j}})\omega) =\displaystyle= (γ⋅x,γ∗ω(∑jyj∂∂yj,γ∗−1⋅))\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma^{*}\omega(\sum_{j}y_{j}\frac{\partial}{\partial y_{j}},\gamma^{-1}_{*}\cdot))
=\displaystyle= (γ⋅x,γ−1,∗​∑jyj​d​xj).\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma^{-1,*}\sum_{j}y_{j}dx_{j}).

Thus

γ⋅L⁡(y,σk​(y))\displaystyle\gamma\cdot L(y,\sigma_{k}(y)) =\displaystyle= {(γ⋅x,γ⋅(y1+σk,1​(y)​(x),⋯,yn+σk,n​(y)​(x)))|x∈Tn}\displaystyle\{(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot(y_{1}+\sigma_{k,1}(y)(x),\cdots,y_{n}+\sigma_{k,n}(y)(x)))|x\in T^{n}\}
=\displaystyle= {(γ⋅x,γ−1,∗∑j(yj+σk,j(y)(x))dxj|x∈Tn}\displaystyle\{(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma^{-1,*}\sum_{j}(y_{j}+\sigma_{k,j}(y)(x))dx_{j}|x\in T^{n}\}
=\displaystyle= L⁡(γ⋅y,γ−1,∗​σk​(y)),\displaystyle L(\gamma\cdot y,\gamma^{-1,*}\sigma_{k}(y)),

for any γ∈Γ\gamma\in\Gamma and y∈BhE​(0,2​r)y\in B_{h_{E}}(0,2r). Since the Γ\Gamma-action preserves ωk\omega_{k} and Ωk\Omega_{k}, L⁡(γ⋅y,γ−1,∗​σk​(y))L(\gamma\cdot y,\gamma^{-1,*}\sigma_{k}(y)) are special lagrangian submanifolds. By the uniqueness of σk​(y)\sigma_{k}(y), γ−1,∗σk(y)=σk(γ⋅y)∈C1,α(dΩ0(Tn)⊕d∗hΩ2(Tn))\gamma^{-1,*}\sigma_{k}(y)=\sigma_{k}(\gamma\cdot y)\in C^{1,\alpha}(d\Omega^{0}(T^{n})\oplus d^{*_{h}}\Omega^{2}(T^{n})). Hence

Ψk​(γ⋅x,γ⋅y)\displaystyle\Psi_{k}(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot y) =\displaystyle= (γ⋅x,γ⋅y+σk​(γ⋅y))\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot y+\sigma_{k}(\gamma\cdot y))
=\displaystyle= (γ⋅x,γ−1,∗​∑j(yj+σk,j​(y))​d​xj)\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma^{-1,*}\sum_{j}(y_{j}+\sigma_{k,j}(y))dx_{j})
=\displaystyle= (γ⋅x,γ⋅(y1+σk,1​(y),⋯,yn+σk,n​(y)))\displaystyle(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot(y_{1}+\sigma_{k,1}(y),\cdots,y_{n}+\sigma_{k,n}(y)))
=\displaystyle= γ⋅Ψk​(x,y),\displaystyle\gamma\cdot\Psi_{k}(x,y),

i.e. Ψk\Psi_{k} is a Γ\Gamma-equivariant map.

We denote 𝒫:Y2​r⟶BhE​(0,2​r)\mathcal{P}:Y_{2r}\longrightarrow B_{h_{E}}(0,2r) the natural projection, Bk=BhE​(0,32​r)B_{k}=B_{h_{E}}(0,\frac{3}{2}r) and Wk=Ψk​(Y32​r)W_{k}=\Psi_{k}(Y_{\frac{3}{2}r}). Since the Γ\Gamma-action on BhE​(0,2​r)B_{h_{E}}(0,2r) preserves the metric hEh_{E} and 00, Bk=BhE​(0,32​r)B_{k}=B_{h_{E}}(0,\frac{3}{2}r) is invariant. By δ≪1≪r\delta\ll 1\ll r, Wk⊃YrW_{k}\supset Y_{r}. Then fk=𝒫∘Ψk−1:Wk⟶Bkf_{k}=\mathcal{P}\circ\Psi_{k}^{-1}:W_{k}\longrightarrow B_{k} is a Γ\Gamma-equivariant special lagrangian fibration of (Wk,ωk,Ωk)(W_{k},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) of phase θk\theta_{k}. We obtain the conclusion. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.