ScalingStacks

6 Appendix [029N]

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6 Appendix

Let σ∈H0​(X,E)\sigma\in H^{0}(X,E) be a holomorphic section of a holomorphic hermitian vector bundle (E,h)(E,h) and set Sε:=log⁡(|σ|2+ε)S_{\varepsilon}:=\log(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon), for some ε>0\varepsilon>0. We denote by {⋅,⋅}\{\cdot,\cdot\} the exterior product of EE-valued forms respect to the hermitian metric hh. We have

i​∂Sε=i​{∂hσ,σ}|σ|2+ε,i\partial S_{\varepsilon}=\frac{i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\,,

since σ\sigma is a holomorphic section. We compute now the complex hessian

i​∂∂¯​Sε\displaystyle i\partial\bar{\partial}S_{\varepsilon} =\displaystyle= −∂¯​i​{∂hσ,σ}|σ|2+ε\displaystyle-\bar{\partial}\,\frac{i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}
=\displaystyle= −i⁡{∂¯​∂hσ,σ}+i⁡{∂hσ,∂hσ}|σ|2+ε+i⁡{∂hσ,σ}∧∂¯​(1|σ|2+ε)\displaystyle\frac{-i\{\bar{\partial}\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}+i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\,+\,i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}\wedge\bar{\partial}\left(\frac{1}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\right)
=\displaystyle= i⁡{∂hσ,∂hσ}−{i​𝒞h​(E)​σ,σ}|σ|2+ε−i⁡{∂hσ,σ}∧{σ,∂hσ}(|σ|2+ε)2\displaystyle\frac{i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}\,-\,\{i{\cal C}_{h}(E)\sigma,\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\,-\,\frac{i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}\wedge\{\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}}{(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon)^{2}}
=\displaystyle= (|σ|2+ε)​i​{∂hσ,∂hσ}−i⁡{∂hσ,σ}∧{σ,∂hσ}(|σ|2+ε)2⏟i​T​(Sε)−{i​𝒞h​(E)​σ,σ}|σ|2+ε.\displaystyle\underbrace{\frac{(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon)i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}-i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}\wedge\{\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}}{(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon)^{2}}}_{iT(S_{\varepsilon})}\,-\,\frac{\{i{\cal C}_{h}(E)\sigma,\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\,.

We show that the (1,1)(1,1)-form i​T​(Sε)iT(S_{\varepsilon}) is nonnegative. In fact by using twice the Lagrange inequality

i⁡{∂hσ,σ}∧{σ,∂hσ}≤|σ|2​i​{∂hσ,∂hσ},i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}\wedge\{\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}\leq|\sigma|^{2}\,i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}\,,

(which is an equality in the case of line bundles) we get

i​T​(Sε)≥ε​i​{∂hσ,∂hσ}(|σ|2+ε)2≥ε​i​{∂hσ,σ}∧{σ,∂hσ}|σ|2​(|σ|2+ε)2=ε|σ|2​i​∂Sε∧∂¯​Sε≥0.\displaystyle iT(S_{\varepsilon})\geq\frac{\varepsilon i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}}{(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon)^{2}}\geq\frac{\varepsilon i\{\partial_{h}\sigma,\sigma\}\wedge\{\sigma,\partial_{h}\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}(|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon)^{2}}=\frac{\varepsilon}{|\sigma|^{2}}\,i\partial S_{\varepsilon}\wedge\bar{\partial}S_{\varepsilon}\geq 0\,.

Observe that the last form is smooth. Consequently, we find the inequalities

i​∂∂¯​Sε\displaystyle i\partial\bar{\partial}S_{\varepsilon} ≥\displaystyle\geq ε|σ|2​i​∂Sε∧∂¯​Sε−{i​𝒞h​(E)​σ,σ}|σ|2+ε\displaystyle\frac{\varepsilon}{|\sigma|^{2}}\,i\partial S_{\varepsilon}\wedge\bar{\partial}S_{\varepsilon}\,-\,\frac{\{i{\cal C}_{h}(E)\sigma,\sigma\}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}
≥\displaystyle\geq ε|σ|2​i​∂Sε∧∂¯​Sε−‖𝒞h​(E)‖h,ω​|σ|2|σ|2+ε​ω\displaystyle\frac{\varepsilon}{|\sigma|^{2}}\,i\partial S_{\varepsilon}\wedge\bar{\partial}S_{\varepsilon}\,-\,\|{\cal C}_{h}(E)\|_{h,\omega}\,\frac{|\sigma|^{2}}{|\sigma|^{2}+\varepsilon}\,\omega

where ω\omega is a positive (1,1)(1,1)-form.

Remark. Let (X,ωX)(X,\omega_{X}) be a polarised compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension nn, let (Y,ωY)(Y,\omega_{Y}) be a compact irreducible Kähler space of complex dimension m≤nm\leq n, let π:X→Y\pi:X\rightarrow Y be a surjective holomorphic map and let 0≤f∈L​logn+ε⁡L⁡(X,ωXn)0\leq f\in L\log^{n+\varepsilon}L(X,\omega^{n}_{X}), for some ε>0\varepsilon>0 such that 1=∫Xf​ωXn1=\int_{X}f\omega^{n}_{X}. Set Kt:={π∗​ωY+t​ωX}n>0K_{t}:=\{\pi^{*}\omega_{Y}+t\omega_{X}\}^{n}>0 for t∈(0,1)t\in(0,1). Consider the complex Monge-Ampère equations (π∗​ωY+t​ωX+i​∂∂¯​ψt)n=Kt​f​ωXn(\pi^{*}\omega_{Y}+t\omega_{X}+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{t})^{n}=K_{t}\,f\,\omega^{n}_{X}. The hypothesis (C​1)(C1) of statement (C)(C) in theorem 3 is obviously satisfied. The hypothesis (C​2​b)(C2b) is also satisfied since

limt→0(π∗​ωY+t​ωX)nKt​ωXn=(∫y∈YωYm​(y)⋅∫z∈π−1​(y)ωXn−m)−1​π∗​ωY∧ωXn−mωXn<+∞.\lim_{t\rightarrow 0}\,\frac{(\pi^{*}\omega_{Y}+t\omega_{X})^{n}}{K_{t}\,\omega^{n}_{X}}=\left(\;\int\limits_{y\in Y}\omega^{m}_{Y}(y)\cdot\int\limits_{z\in\pi^{-1}(y)}\omega^{n-m}_{X}\right)^{-1}\frac{\pi^{*}\omega_{Y}\wedge\omega^{n-m}_{X}}{\omega^{n}_{X}}<+\infty.

We deduce Osc⁡(ψt)≤C<+∞\operatorname{Osc}(\psi_{t})\leq C<+\infty for all t∈(0,1)t\in(0,1) by the statements (C)(C) and (A)(A) of theorem 3. This solves in full generality a Tian’s conjecture [Ti-Ko].

Acknowledgments. The second named author is grateful to Professor Gang Tian for bringing this type of problems to his attention. He expresses also his gratitude to the members of Institut Fourier for providing an excellent research environment. In particular he thanks Adrien Dubouloz, Hervé Pajot, Olivier Lablée and Eric Dumas for useful conversations.

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