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2 General L ∞ estimates for the solutions. [028U]

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2 General L∞L^{\infty} estimates for the solutions.

Let XX be a compact complex manifold of complex dimension nn and let γ\gamma be a closed real (1,1)(1,1)-current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials. Then to any distribution Ψ\Psi on XX such that γ+i​∂∂¯​Ψ≥0\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\Psi\geq 0 we can associate a unique locally integrable and bounded from above function ψ:X→[−∞,+∞)\psi:X\rightarrow[-\infty,+\infty) such that the corresponding distribution coincides with Ψ\Psi and such that for any continuous or plurisubharmonic local potential hh of γ\gamma the function h+ψh+\psi is plurisubharmonic. In fact let Ωα\Omega_{\alpha}, Ωβ⊂X\Omega_{\beta}\subset X two open sets such that γ=i​∂∂¯​hα\gamma=i\partial\bar{\partial}h_{\alpha} over Ωα\Omega_{\alpha}, γ=i​∂∂¯​hβ\gamma=i\partial\bar{\partial}h_{\beta} over Ωβ\Omega_{\beta}, with hα∈C0​(Ωα)h_{\alpha}\in C^{0}(\Omega_{\alpha}), hβ∈C0​(Ωβ)h_{\beta}\in C^{0}(\Omega_{\beta}) in the first case or hα∈Psh⁡(Ωα)h_{\alpha}\in\operatorname{Psh}(\Omega_{\alpha}), hβ∈Psh⁡(Ωβ)h_{\beta}\in\operatorname{Psh}(\Omega_{\beta}) in the second case. Consider now the distributions Uα:=hα+ΨU_{\alpha}:=h_{\alpha}+\Psi and Uβ:=hβ+ΨU_{\beta}:=h_{\beta}+\Psi. Then the hypothesis γ+i​∂∂¯​Ψ≥0\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\Psi\geq 0 implies the existence of uniques uα∈Psh⁡(Ωα)u_{\alpha}\in\operatorname{Psh}(\Omega_{\alpha}), uβ∈Psh⁡(Ωβ)u_{\beta}\in\operatorname{Psh}(\Omega_{\beta}) such that the corresponding distributions are respectively UαU_{\alpha} and UβU_{\beta}. We set ψα:=uα−hα\psi_{\alpha}:=u_{\alpha}-h_{\alpha} and ψβ:=uβ−hβ\psi_{\beta}:=u_{\beta}-h_{\beta}. The function hβ−hαh_{\beta}-h_{\alpha} is harmonic in both cases. Then the identity Uβ=Uα+hβ−hαU_{\beta}=U_{\alpha}+h_{\beta}-h_{\alpha} over Ωα∩Ωβ\Omega_{\alpha}\cap\Omega_{\beta} implies that the plurisubharmonic functions uβu_{\beta} and uα+hβ−hαu_{\alpha}+h_{\beta}-h_{\alpha} represent the same distribution so they coincide over Ωα∩Ωβ\Omega_{\alpha}\cap\Omega_{\beta}. We deduce ψα=ψβ\psi_{\alpha}=\psi_{\beta} over Ωα∩Ωβ\Omega_{\alpha}\cap\Omega_{\beta}. In this way we obtain a global function ψ:X→[−∞,+∞)\psi:X\rightarrow[-\infty,+\infty) which satisfies the required properties since the function h−hαh-h_{\alpha} is harmonic in both cases. Then the uniqueness of ψ\psi is obvious. The set of functions ψ\psi obtained in this way will be denoted by 𝒫γ{\cal P}_{\gamma}. We set 𝒫γ0:={ψ∈𝒫γ∣supXψ=0}{\cal P}^{0}_{\gamma}:=\{\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\,\mid\,\sup_{X}\psi=0\}. A closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials such that {γ}n:=∫Xγn>0\{\gamma\}^{n}:=\int_{X}\gamma^{n}>0, will be called big.

Theorem 3

. Let XX be a compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension nn, let Ω>0\Omega>0 be a smooth volume form, let γ\gamma be a big closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with continuous local potentials. Let also ψ∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X) be a solution of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampère equation (γ+i​∂∂¯​ψ)n=f​Ω,(\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi)^{n}=f\,\Omega\,, with f∈L​logn+ε0⁡L⁡(X)f\in L\log^{n+\varepsilon_{0}}L(X) for some ε0>0\varepsilon_{0}>0. Then the following conclusions hold.
(A) There exist a uniform constant C1=C1​(ε0,γ,Ω)>0C_{1}=C_{1}(\varepsilon_{0},\gamma,\Omega)>0 such that for all ε∈(0,ε0]\varepsilon\in(0,\varepsilon_{0}] holds an estimate

Osc⁡(ψ)≤C1 2​n​(1+nε)​[e⁡(3+2​nε)]n2ε​Iε​(f)nε+ 1,\operatorname{Osc}(\psi)\leq C_{1}^{\,2n\left(1+\frac{n}{\varepsilon}\right)}\,\left[e\left(3+\frac{2n}{\varepsilon}\right)\right]^{\,\frac{\;n^{2}}{\varepsilon}}I_{\varepsilon}(f)^{\frac{n}{\varepsilon}}+\;1\,,

where

Iε​(f):={γ}−n​∫Xf​logn+ε⁡(e+{γ}−n​f)​Ω.I_{\varepsilon}(f):=\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{X}f\log^{n+\varepsilon}\left(e+\{\gamma\}^{-n}f\right)\Omega\,.

(B) Assume that the solution ψ\psi is continuous, normalized by the condition supXψ=0\sup_{X}\psi=0 and consider also a continuous solution φ∈𝒫γ\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}, supXφ=0\sup_{X}\varphi=0 of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampère equation (γ+i​∂∂¯​φ)n=g​Ω,(\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi)^{n}=g\,\Omega\,, with g∈L​logn+ε0⁡L⁡(X)g\in L\log^{n+\varepsilon_{0}}L(X). Let K>0K>0 be a constant such that Iε0​(f),Iε0​(g)≤KI_{\varepsilon_{0}}(f),I_{\varepsilon_{0}}(g)\leq K. Then there exists a constant C2=C2​(ε0,γ,Ω,K)>0C_{2}=C_{2}(\varepsilon_{0},\gamma,\Omega,K)>0 such that

∥φ−ψ∥C0​(X)\displaystyle\|\varphi-\psi\|_{{}_{C^{0}(X)}} ≤\displaystyle\leq 2C2α0(log∥φ−ψ∥L1​(X,Ω)−1)−α0,\displaystyle 2C_{2}^{{}^{\alpha_{0}}}\,\left(\log\|\varphi-\psi\|^{-1}_{{}_{L^{1}(X,\,\Omega)}}\right)^{{}^{-\alpha_{0}}}\,,
α0\displaystyle\alpha_{0} :⁣=\displaystyle:= 1(n+1+n2/ε0),\displaystyle\frac{1}{(n+1+n^{2}/\varepsilon_{0})}\,,

provided that the inequality ∥φ−ψ∥L1​(X,Ω)≤min{1/2,e−C2}\|\varphi-\psi\|_{{}_{L^{1}(X,\,\Omega)}}\leq\min\{1/2,e^{-C_{2}}\} holds.
(C) Let (γt)t>0(\gamma_{t})_{t>0} be a family of currents satisfying the same properties as γ\gamma, fix a finite covering (Uα)α(U_{\alpha})_{\alpha} of coordinate starshaped open sets, and let us write γt=i​∂∂¯​ht,α\gamma_{t}=i\partial\bar{\partial}h_{t,\alpha} with supUαht,α=0\sup_{U_{\alpha}}h_{t,\alpha}=0 over UαU_{\alpha} and C1,t:=C1​(ε0,γt,Ω)C_{1,t}:=C_{1}(\varepsilon_{0},\gamma_{t},\Omega), C2,t=C2​(ε0,γt,Ω,K)C_{2,t}=C_{2}(\varepsilon_{0},\gamma_{t},\Omega,K). Assume
(C1) supt>0maxα⁡‖ht,α‖L∞​(Uα)<+∞\sup_{t>0}\max_{\alpha}\|h_{t,\alpha}\|_{L^{\infty}(U_{\alpha})}<+\infty and
(C2a) there exist a decomposition of the type γt=θt+i​∂∂¯​ut\gamma_{t}=\theta_{t}+i\partial\bar{\partial}u_{t}, whith θt\theta_{t} smooth, minX⁡ut=0\min_{X}u_{t}=0, supt>0maxX⁡ut<+∞\sup_{t>0}\max_{X}u_{t}<+\infty and θt≤({γt}n)1/n​ω\theta_{t}\leq(\{\gamma_{t}\}^{n})^{1/n}\omega for some Kähler metric ω>0\omega>0 on XX,
or
(C2b) the distributions γtn/Ω\gamma^{n}_{t}/\Omega are represented by functions and

supt>0{γt}−n​∫Xlog⁡(e+{γt}−n​γtn/Ω)​γtn<+∞.\sup_{t>0}\;\;\{\gamma_{t}\}^{-n}\int\limits_{X}\log\left(e+\{\gamma_{t}\}^{-n}\gamma^{n}_{t}/\Omega\right)\gamma^{n}_{t}<+\infty\,.

Then supt>0Cj,t<+∞\sup_{t>0}C_{j,t}<+\infty for j=1,2j=1,2.

Statement (C) will follow from the arguments of the proof of theorem 3.

Remark 1. As application of his estimates, Kołodziej considers in Example 1, page 91 of [Kol] Monge-Ampère equations with non degenerate left hand side and with right hand side taking values in the Orlicz space LΨ​(X)L^{\Psi}(X), with Ψ⁡(t):=t​logn⁡(e+t)​logn+δ⁡(e+log⁡(1+t))\Psi(t):=t\log^{n}(e+t)\log^{n+\delta}(e+\log(1+t)), δ>0\delta>0. If we take ε0=1/k\varepsilon_{0}=1/k with an integer k>1k>1 we obtain

limt→+∞logn+δ⁡(e+log⁡(1+t))logε0⁡(e+t)=+∞.\lim_{t\rightarrow+\infty}\frac{\log^{n+\delta}(e+\log(1+t))}{\log^{\varepsilon_{0}}(e+t)}=+\infty\,.

This implies LΨ​(X)⊂L​logn+ε0⁡L⁡(X)L^{\Psi}(X)\subset L\log^{n+\varepsilon_{0}}L(X).

Let XX be a compact complex manifold of complex dimension nn, let γ\gamma be a big closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials. Set 𝒫γ​[0,1]:={φ∈𝒫γ∣ 0≤φ≤1}{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1]:=\{\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\,\mid\,0\leq\varphi\leq 1\} and

Capγ⁡(E):=supφ∈𝒫γ​[0,1]{γ}−n​∫Eγφn,\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E):=\sup_{\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1]}\,\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{E}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\,,

for all Borel sets E⊂XE\subset X. We remark that if (Ej)j(E_{j})_{j}, Ej⊂Ej+1⊂XE_{j}\subset E_{j+1}\subset X is a family of Borel sets and E=⋃jEjE=\bigcup_{j}E_{j} then

Capγ⁡(E)=limj→+∞Capγ⁡(Ej).\displaystyle\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E)=\lim_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E_{j})\,. (2.1)

In fact for all ε>0\varepsilon>0 let φ∈𝒫γ​[0,1]\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1] such that {γ}−n​∫Eγφn>Capγ⁡(E)−ε\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int_{E}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}>\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E)-\varepsilon. Then

Capγ⁡(E)\displaystyle\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E) ≥\displaystyle\geq limj→+∞Capγ⁡(Ej)\displaystyle\lim_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E_{j})
≥\displaystyle\geq limj→+∞{γ}−n​∫Ejγφn={γ}−n​∫Eγφn>Capγ⁡(E)−ε.\displaystyle\lim_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\,\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{E_{j}}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}=\,\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{E}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}>\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(E)-\varepsilon\,.
Lemma 1

. Let XX be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension nn, let γ\gamma be a closed real (1,1)(1,1)-current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials and let Ω>0\Omega>0 be a smooth volume form. Then there exist constants α=α⁡(γ,Ω)>0\alpha=\alpha(\gamma,\Omega)>0, C=C⁡(γ,Ω)>0C=C(\gamma,\Omega)>0 such that ∫X−ψΩ≤C\int_{X}-\psi\,\Omega\leq C and ∫Xe−α​ψ​Ω≤C\int_{X}e^{-\alpha\psi}\,\Omega\leq C for all ψ∈𝒫γ0\psi\in{\cal P}^{0}_{\gamma}.

The first two integral estimates of lemma (1) are quite standard in the elementary theory of plurisubharmonic functions and the dependence of the constants α\alpha and CC on γ\gamma is only on the L∞L^{\infty} bound of its local potentials. To be more precise concerning the uniform estimate ∫Xe−α​ψ​Ω≤C\int_{X}e^{-\alpha\psi}\,\Omega\leq C one can make the constant α\alpha depending only on the cohomology class of γ\gamma as in [Ti1], but in this case the constant CC will depend on the L∞L^{\infty} bound of the local potentials of γ\gamma and on the volume form Ω\Omega. One can also make CC depending only on the volume form Ω\Omega, but in this case α\alpha will depend on the L∞L^{\infty} bound of the local potentials of γ\gamma and on the volume form Ω\Omega.

Lemma 2

. Let XX be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension nn, let γ\gamma be a big closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials.
(A). If XX is Kähler and γ\gamma possesses continuous local potentials then there exist a constant C=C⁡(γ)>0C=C(\gamma)>0 such that Capγ({ψ<−t})≤C/t\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\{\psi<-t\})\leq C/t for all ψ∈𝒫γ0\psi\in{\cal P}^{0}_{\gamma} and t>0t>0. Moreover the constant CC stay bounded for pertutbations of γ\gamma satisfying the hypothesis (C​1)(C1) and (C​2​a)(C2a) of the statement (C)(C) in theorem 3.
(B). If γn/Ω∈L​log⁡L⁡(X)\gamma^{n}/\Omega\in L\log L(X), for a smooth volume form Ω>0\Omega>0 then the conclusion of statement (A)(A) hold whith a constant C=C⁡(γ,Ω)>0C=C(\gamma,\Omega)>0 which stay bounded for pertutbations of γ\gamma satisfying the hypothesis (C​1)(C1) and (C​2​b)(C2b) of the statement (C)(C) in theorem 3.

Proof. We remark first the inequality

∫ψ<−tγnφ≤1t∫X−ψγnφ,\int\limits_{\psi<-t}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\;\leq\frac{1}{t}\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\,,

and we prove the following elementary claim.

Claim 1

. Let γ\gamma be a closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials over a compact complex manifold XX of complex dimension nn and let φ,ψ∈𝒫γ\varphi,\,\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma} such that 0≤φ≤10\leq\varphi\leq 1 and ψ≤0\psi\leq 0. Then

∫X−ψγnφ≤∫X−ψγn+n∫Xγn.\displaystyle\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\;\leq\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{n}+n\int\limits_{X}\,\gamma^{n}\,. (2.2)

Proof. The fact that the current γ\gamma is positive implies ψc:=max⁡{ψ,c}∈𝒫γ\psi_{c}:=\max\{\psi,c\}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}, c∈ℝ<0c\in\mathbb{R}_{<0}, so by the monotone convergence theorem it is sufficent to prove the inequality (2.2) for ψ∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X). So assume this and let ω>0\omega>0 be a hermitian metric over XX. By a result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] there exist a family of functions (ψε)ε>0(\psi_{\varepsilon})_{\varepsilon>0}, ψε∈𝒫γ+ε​ω∩C∞​(X)\psi_{\varepsilon}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma+\varepsilon\omega}\cap C^{\infty}(X) such that ψε↓ψ\psi_{\varepsilon}\downarrow\psi as ε→0+\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}. Consider now the integrals Ij:=∫X−ψγj∧γφn−jI_{j}:=\int_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{j}\wedge\gamma_{\varphi}^{n-j}\, for all j=0,…,nj=0,...,n. Then Ij≤Ij+1+∫XγnI_{j}\leq I_{j+1}+\int_{X}\gamma^{n}. In fact by Stokes formula

Ij\displaystyle I_{j} =\displaystyle= Ij+1−limε→0+∫Xψε​γj∧i​∂∂¯​φ∧γφn−j−1\displaystyle I_{j+1}-\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\,\int\limits_{X}\psi_{\varepsilon}\,\gamma^{j}\wedge i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi\wedge\gamma_{\varphi}^{n-j-1}
=\displaystyle= Ij+1−limε→0+∫Xi​∂∂¯​ψε∧φ​γj∧γφn−j−1\displaystyle I_{j+1}-\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\,\int\limits_{X}i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{\varepsilon}\wedge\varphi\,\gamma^{j}\wedge\gamma_{\varphi}^{n-j-1}
≤\displaystyle\leq Ij+1+∫Xφ​γj+1∧γφn−j−1≤Ij+1+∫Xγn.\displaystyle I_{j+1}+\int\limits_{X}\varphi\,\gamma^{j+1}\wedge\gamma_{\varphi}^{n-j-1}\leq I_{j+1}+\int\limits_{X}\gamma^{n}\,.

In this way we deduce the required inequality I0≤In+n​∫XγnI_{0}\leq I_{n}+n\int_{X}\gamma^{n}. □\Box

The following claim will be very useful for the rest of the paper.

Claim 2

. Let (X,ω)(X,\omega) be a polarized connected compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension nn and let γ\gamma, TT be closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-currents with continuous local potentials. Then for all l=0,…,nl=0,...,n

Cl:=supψ∈𝒫γ0∫X−ψTl∧ωn−l<+∞C_{l}:=\sup_{\psi\in{\cal P}^{0}_{\gamma}}\;\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l}<+\infty

and γψ∧Tl=Tl∧γψ\gamma_{\psi}\wedge T^{l}=T^{l}\wedge\gamma_{\psi} for all ψ∈𝒫γ\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}.

Proof. The proof of the convergence of the constants ClC_{l} goes by induction on l=0,…,nl=0,...,n. The statement is true for l=0l=0 by the first integral estimate of lemma 1. So we assume it is true for ll and prove it for l+1l+1. Let ψc:=max⁡{ψ,c}∈𝒫γ\psi_{c}:=\max\{\psi,c\}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}, c∈ℝ<0c\in\mathbb{R}_{<0}. The inductive hypothesis allows us to apply the decreasing monotone convergence theorem in order to deduce

limc→−∞∫X(ψc−ψ)​Tl∧ωn−l=0,\lim_{c\rightarrow-\infty}\,\int\limits_{X}(\psi_{c}-\psi)T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l}=0\,,

which means the converegence in mass ‖(ψc−ψ)​Tl‖ω​(X)→0\|(\psi_{c}-\psi)T^{l}\|_{\omega}(X)\rightarrow 0 as c→−∞c\rightarrow-\infty, in particular ψc​Tl→ψ​T\psi_{c}T^{l}\rightarrow\psi T weakly as c→−∞c\rightarrow-\infty. So by the weak continuity of the i​∂∂¯i\partial\bar{\partial} operator we deduce i​∂∂¯​ψc∧Tl→i​∂∂¯​ψ∧Ti\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{c}\wedge T^{l}\rightarrow i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi\wedge T and

γψc∧Tl⟶γψ∧Tl,\displaystyle\gamma_{\psi_{c}}\wedge T^{l}\longrightarrow\gamma_{\psi}\wedge T^{l}\,, (2.3)

weakly as c→−∞c\rightarrow-\infty. By the result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] let (ψc,ε)ε>0(\psi_{c,\varepsilon})_{\varepsilon>0}, ψc,ε∈𝒫γ+ε​ω∩C∞​(X)\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma+\varepsilon\omega}\cap C^{\infty}(X) such that ψc,ε↓ψc\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\downarrow\psi_{c} as ε→0+\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+} and write T=θ+i​∂∂¯​uT=\theta+i\partial\bar{\partial}u, whith θ\theta smooth, θ≤K​ω\theta\leq K\omega and uu continuous whith minX⁡u=0\min_{X}u=0. By using the monotone convergence theorem, Stokes formula and (2.3), we expand the integral

∫X−ψTl+1∧ωn−l−1=limc→−∞limε→0+∫X−ψc,εTl+1∧ωn−l−1\displaystyle\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,T^{l+1}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}=\lim_{c\rightarrow-\infty}\;\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\;\int\limits_{X}-\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\,T^{l+1}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}
=\displaystyle= limc→−∞limε→0+[∫X−ψc,εθ∧Tl∧ωn−l−1−∫Xψc,εi∂∂¯u∧Tl∧ωn−l−1]\displaystyle\lim_{c\rightarrow-\infty}\;\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\,\left[\;\int\limits_{X}-\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\,\theta\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}-\int\limits_{X}\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\,i\partial\bar{\partial}u\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}\right]
≤\displaystyle\leq limc→−∞limε→0+[∫X−ψc,εTl∧Kωn−l−∫Xui∂∂¯ψc,ε∧Tl∧ωn−l−1]\displaystyle\lim_{c\rightarrow-\infty}\;\lim_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\,\left[\;\int\limits_{X}-\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\,T^{l}\wedge K\omega^{n-l}-\int\limits_{X}u\,i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{c,\varepsilon}\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}\right]
=\displaystyle= ∫X−ψTl∧Kωn−l−∫Xui∂∂¯ψ∧Tl∧ωn−l−1\displaystyle\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,T^{l}\wedge K\omega^{n-l}-\int\limits_{X}u\,i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}
≤\displaystyle\leq K​Cl−∫Xu​γψ∧Tl∧ωn−l−1+∫Xu​γ∧Tl∧ωn−l−1\displaystyle KC_{l}-\int\limits_{X}u\,\gamma_{\psi}\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}+\int\limits_{X}u\,\gamma\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}
≤\displaystyle\leq K​Cl+maxX⁡u​∫Xγ∧Tl∧ωn−l−1<+∞,\displaystyle KC_{l}+\max_{X}u\,\int\limits_{X}\gamma\wedge T^{l}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}<+\infty\,,

by the inductive hypothesis. Concerning the symmetry of the exterior product we remark that the weak continuity of the i​∂∂¯i\partial\bar{\partial} operator implies by induction on ll

Tl∧γψc⟶Tl∧γψ,T^{l}\wedge\gamma_{\psi_{c}}\longrightarrow T^{l}\wedge\gamma_{\psi}\,,

weakly as c→−∞c\rightarrow-\infty. This combined with (2.3) implies γψ∧Tl=Tl∧γψ\gamma_{\psi}\wedge T^{l}=T^{l}\wedge\gamma_{\psi} . □\Box

In the particular case T=γT=\gamma the constant

0<C(γ):=supψ∈𝒫γ0{γ}−n∫X−ψγn<+∞0<C(\gamma):=\sup_{\psi\in{\cal P}^{0}_{\gamma}}\;\;\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{n}<+\infty

satisfies the capacity estimate of the statement (A) of the lemma 2, by the claim 1. Moreover the previous induction give us

C1≤K∫X−ψωn+maxXu∫Xγ∧ωn−1≤K∫X−ψωn+RK∫Xωn,C_{1}\leq K\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\omega^{n}+\max_{X}u\,\int\limits_{X}\gamma\wedge\omega^{n-1}\leq K\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\omega^{n}+RK\,\int\limits_{X}\omega^{n}\,,

where R≥maxX⁡uR\geq\max_{X}u and in general

Cl+1≤K​Cl+R​∫Xγl+1∧ωn−l−1≤K​Cl+R​Kl+1​∫Xωn.C_{l+1}\leq KC_{l}+R\int\limits_{X}\gamma^{l+1}\wedge\omega^{n-l-1}\leq KC_{l}+RK^{l+1}\,\int\limits_{X}\omega^{n}\,.

We deduce Cn≤Kn∫X−ψωn+nRKn∫XωnC_{n}\leq K^{n}\int_{X}-\psi\,\omega^{n}+nRK^{n}\int_{X}\omega^{n}. Thus if (γt)t>0(\gamma_{t})_{t>0} is a family satisfying the hypothesis (C​1)(C1) and (C​2​a)(C2a) of the statement (C)(C) in theorem 3 and Kt=({γt}n)1/nK_{t}=(\{\gamma_{t}\}^{n})^{1/n} then the constant C⁡(γ)C(\gamma) satisfies the stability properties of the statement (A) of the lemma 2. We prove now the statement (B) of the lemma 2. In fact let f:={γ}−n​γn/Ω≥0f:=\{\gamma\}^{-n}\gamma^{n}/\Omega\geq 0. Then the uniform estimate for the integral

{γ}−n∫X−ψγn=1α∫X−αψfΩ\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{X}-\psi\,\gamma^{n}=\frac{1}{\alpha}\,\int\limits_{X}-\alpha\psi f\,\Omega

follows from the elementary inequality −α​ψ​f≤e−α​ψ−1+f​log⁡(1+f)-\alpha\psi f\leq e^{-\alpha\psi}-1+f\log(1+f) combined with the uniform estimate ∫Xe−α​ψ​Ω≤C\int_{X}e^{-\alpha\psi}\Omega\leq C of lemma 1. In this case the required stability properties of the constant C⁡(γ,Ω)>0C(\gamma,\Omega)>0 in the capacity estimate are obvious. □\Box

Lemma 3

(Degenerate Comparison Principle). Let XX be a compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension nn, let γ\gamma be a closed real (1,1)(1,1)-current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials, and consider φ,ψ∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\varphi,\,\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X). Then

∫φ<ψγψn≤∫φ<ψγφn.\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma^{n}_{\psi}\;\leq\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\;.

Proof.
Step I. We assume first φ,ψ∈𝒫γ∩C0​(X)\varphi,\,\psi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap C^{0}(X). We will denote by ∂S\partial S the boundary in XX of a set S⊂XS\subset X. By the continuity of the functions φ,ψ\varphi,\,\psi we deduce:
1) the set {φ<ψ}\{\varphi<\psi\} is open and ∂{φ<ψ}⊂{φ=ψ}\partial\{\varphi<\psi\}\subset\{\varphi=\psi\},
2) for all ε>0\varepsilon>0 there exists an open neighborhood 𝒱⊂X{\cal V}\subset X of the set {φ≥ψ}\{\varphi\geq\psi\} such that max⁡{φ+ε,ψ}=φ+ε\max\{\varphi+\varepsilon,\psi\}=\varphi+\varepsilon over 𝒱{\cal V}.
So ∂{φ<ψ}⊂𝒱\partial\{\varphi<\psi\}\subset{\cal V} and the Stokes formula implies the equality

∫φ<ψγφn=∫φ<ψ(γ+i​∂∂¯​max⁡{φ+ε,ψ})n,\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\;=\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}(\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\max\{\varphi+\varepsilon,\psi\})^{n}\,,

for all ε>0\varepsilon>0. Moreover by the monotone convergence theorem in pluripotential theory we deuce that the current (γ+i​∂∂¯​max⁡{φ+ε,ψ})n(\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\max\{\varphi+\varepsilon,\psi\})^{n} converges weakly to the current γψn\gamma_{\psi}^{n} over the open set {φ<ψ}\{\varphi<\psi\} as ε→0+\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}. Thus

∫φ<ψγφn=lim infε→0+∫φ<ψ(γ+i​∂∂¯​max⁡{φ+ε,ψ})n≥∫φ<ψγψn.\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\;=\,\liminf\limits_{\varepsilon\rightarrow 0^{+}}\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}(\gamma+i\partial\bar{\partial}\max\{\varphi+\varepsilon,\psi\})^{n}\geq\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\,.

Step II. For the general case we use the following well known fact.

Claim 3

Let f:X→ℝf:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R} be a function over a topological space XX and let S,Sk⊂XS,\,S_{k}\subset X, k∈Ik\in I, be a locally finite family of closed subsets such that S⊂⋃kSkS\subset\bigcup_{k}S_{k} and f∈C0​(Sk)f\in C^{0}(S_{k}) for all kk. Then f∈C0​(S)f\in C^{0}(S). □\Box

Let now (Uα)α=1N(U_{\alpha})_{\alpha=1}^{N} be a finite open covering of XX such that γ=i​∂∂¯​hα\gamma=i\partial\bar{\partial}h_{\alpha} over UαU_{\alpha} with infUαhα=0\inf_{U_{\alpha}}h_{\alpha}=0. By the quasicontinuity of plurisubharmonic functions, for every δ>0\delta>0 there exists an open set Gδ,α⊂UαG_{\delta,\alpha}\subset U_{\alpha} such that uα:=hα+φ,hα∈C0​(Uα∖Gδ,α)u_{\alpha}:=h_{\alpha}+\varphi,\,h_{\alpha}\in C^{0}(U_{\alpha}\smallsetminus G_{\delta,\alpha}) and Cap⁡(Gδ,α,Uα)<δ\operatorname{Cap}(G_{\delta,\alpha},U_{\alpha})<\delta. In particular φ∈C0​(Uα∖Gδ,α)\varphi\in C^{0}(U_{\alpha}\smallsetminus G_{\delta,\alpha}). Consider the open set Gδ:=⋃αGδ,α⊂XG_{\delta}:=\bigcup_{\alpha}G_{\delta,\alpha}\subset X. Then the inclusion X∖Gδ⊂⋃α(Uα∖Gδ,α)X\smallsetminus G_{\delta}\subset\bigcup_{\alpha}(U_{\alpha}\smallsetminus G_{\delta,\alpha}) implies φ∈C0​(X∖Gδ)\varphi\in C^{0}(X\smallsetminus G_{\delta}) by claim 3. We can also assume ψ∈C0​(X∖Gδ)\psi\in C^{0}(X\smallsetminus G_{\delta}). Set also vα:=hα+ψv_{\alpha}:=h_{\alpha}+\psi. Let ω\omega be a Kähler metric over XX and gαg_{\alpha} smooth functions over UαU_{\alpha} such that ω=i​∂∂¯​gα\omega=i\partial\bar{\partial}g_{\alpha}, infUαgα=0\inf_{U_{\alpha}}g_{\alpha}=0. By the result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] there exists a sequence (εj)j⊂(0,ε)(\varepsilon_{j})_{j}\subset(0,\varepsilon), εj↓0\varepsilon_{j}\downarrow 0 and ψj,φj∈𝒫γ+εj​ω∩C∞​(X)\psi_{j},\,\varphi_{j}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma+\varepsilon_{j}\omega}\cap C^{\infty}(X), with ψj↓ψ\psi_{j}\downarrow\psi and φj↓φ\varphi_{j}\downarrow\varphi. We can assume 0≤infXφ0\leq\inf_{X}\varphi, 0≤infXψ0\leq\inf_{X}\psi and we set uj,α:=hα+gα+φju_{j,\alpha}:=h_{\alpha}+g_{\alpha}+\varphi_{j}, vj,α:=hα+gα+ψjv_{j,\alpha}:=h_{\alpha}+g_{\alpha}+\psi_{j}, M:=maxα⁡{‖u1,α‖L∞​(Uα),‖v1,α‖L∞​(Uα)}M:=\max_{\alpha}\{\|u_{1,\alpha}\|_{L^{\infty}(U_{\alpha})},\|v_{1,\alpha}\|_{L^{\infty}(U_{\alpha})}\}. Then by step I

∫φk<ψj(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​ψj)n≤∫φk<ψj(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n.\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi_{j}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{j})^{n}\leq\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi_{j}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}\;. (2.4)

Let f∈C0​(X)f\in C^{0}(X) such that f=ψf=\psi over X∖GδX\smallsetminus G_{\delta}. Then the set {φk<f}\{\varphi_{k}<f\} is open and {φk<f}∪Gδ={φk<ψ}∪Gδ\{\varphi_{k}<f\}\cup G_{\delta}=\{\varphi_{k}<\psi\}\cup G_{\delta}. Thus

∫φk<ψγψn≤∫φk<fγψn+∫Gδγψn≤∫φk<f(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​ψ)n+∑α∫Gδ,α(i​∂∂¯​vα)n\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<f}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}+\int\limits_{G_{\delta}}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\,\leq\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<f}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi)^{n}+\sum_{\alpha}\;\int\limits_{G_{\delta,\alpha}}(i\partial\bar{\partial}v_{\alpha})^{n}
≤\displaystyle\leq lim infj→+∞∫φk<f(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​ψj)n+Mn​∑α∫Gδ,α(i​∂∂¯​M−1​vα)n\displaystyle\liminf_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<f}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{j})^{n}+M^{n}\sum_{\alpha}\;\int\limits_{G_{\delta,\alpha}}(i\partial\bar{\partial}M^{-1}\,v_{\alpha})^{n}
≤\displaystyle\leq lim infj→+∞(∫φk<ψj(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​ψj)n+∫Gδ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​ψj)n)+Mn​N​δ\displaystyle\liminf_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\;\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi_{j}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{j})^{n}+\int\limits_{G_{\delta}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\psi_{j})^{n}\right)+M^{n}N\delta
≤\displaystyle\leq lim infj→+∞(∫φk<ψj(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n+Mn​∑α∫Gδ,α(i​∂∂¯​M−1​vj,α)n)\displaystyle\liminf_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\;\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi_{j}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}+M^{n}\sum_{\alpha}\;\int\limits_{G_{\delta,\alpha}}(i\partial\bar{\partial}M^{-1}\,v_{j,\alpha})^{n}\right)
+\displaystyle+ Mn​N​δ(by (2.4))\displaystyle M^{n}N\delta\qquad\qquad\mbox{(by \eqref{CompPrincC0}) }
≤\displaystyle\leq limj→+∞∫φk<ψj(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n+2​Mn​N​δ\displaystyle\lim_{j\rightarrow+\infty}\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}<\psi_{j}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}+2M^{n}N\delta
=\displaystyle= ∫φk≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n+2​Mn​N​δ.\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}+2M^{n}N\delta\,.

Then by letting k→+∞k\rightarrow+\infty we get

∫φ<ψγψn≤lim supk→+∞∫φk≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n+2​Mn​N​δ.\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\;\leq\,\limsup_{k\rightarrow+\infty}\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}+2M^{n}N\delta\,. (2.5)

Now the set {φ≤ψ}∖Gδ\{\varphi\leq\psi\}\smallsetminus G_{\delta} is closed by the continuity of φ\varphi and ψ\psi over X∖GδX\smallsetminus G_{\delta}. Thus

∫φ≤ψ(γ+εω+i∂∂¯φ)n≥∫{φ≤ψ}∖Gδ(γ+εω+i∂∂¯φ)n\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi)^{n}\geq\int\limits_{\{\varphi\leq\psi\}\smallsetminus G_{\delta}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi)^{n}
≥\displaystyle\geq lim supk→+∞∫{φ≤ψ}∖Gδ(γ+εω+i∂∂¯φk)n\displaystyle\limsup_{k\rightarrow+\infty}\int\limits_{\{\varphi\leq\psi\}\smallsetminus G_{\delta}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}
≥\displaystyle\geq lim supk→+∞(∫φ≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n−∫Gδ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n)\displaystyle\limsup_{k\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\;\,\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}-\int\limits_{G_{\delta}}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}\right)
≥\displaystyle\geq lim supk→+∞(∫φ≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n−Mn​∑α∫Gδ,α(i​∂∂¯​M−1​uk,α)n)\displaystyle\limsup_{k\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\;\,\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}-M^{n}\sum_{\alpha}\;\int\limits_{G_{\delta,\alpha}}(i\partial\bar{\partial}M^{-1}\,u_{k,\alpha})^{n}\right)
≥\displaystyle\geq lim supk→+∞∫φk≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φk)n−Mn​N​δ.\displaystyle\limsup_{k\rightarrow+\infty}\int\limits_{\varphi_{k}\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{k})^{n}-M^{n}N\delta\,.

So by (2.5) we derive

∫φ<ψγψn\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\; ≤\displaystyle\leq ∫φ≤ψ(γ+ε​ω+i​∂∂¯​φ)n+3​Mn​N​δ\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}(\gamma+\varepsilon\omega+i\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi)^{n}+3M^{n}N\delta
≤\displaystyle\leq ∫φ≤ψγφn+∑l=1n(nl)​∫Xεl​ωl∧γn−l+3​Mn​N​δ.\displaystyle\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\;+\;\sum_{l=1}^{n}{n\choose l}\int\limits_{X}\varepsilon^{l}\omega^{l}\wedge\gamma^{n-l}+3M^{n}N\delta\,.

Then letting ε→0\varepsilon\rightarrow 0 and δ→0\delta\rightarrow 0 we get

∫φ<ψγψn≤∫φ≤ψγφn.\int\limits_{\varphi<\psi}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{\varphi\leq\psi}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\;.

Now the conclusion follows by replacing φ\varphi by φ+t\varphi+t, t>0t>0 in the previous formula and letting t→0t\rightarrow 0. □\Box

We recall now the following lemma due to Kołodziej [Kol], (see also [Ti-Zhu1], [Ti-Zhu2]).

Lemma 4

. Let a:(−∞,0]→[0,1]a:(-\infty,0]\rightarrow[0,1], be a monotone non decreasing function such that for some B>0B>0, δ>0\delta>0 the inequality

t​a​(s)≤B​a​(s+t)1+δt\,a(s)\leq B\,a(s+t)^{1+\delta}

holds for all s≤0,t∈[0,1],s+t≤0s\leq 0,\,t\in[0,1],\,s+t\leq 0. Then for all S<0S<0 such that a⁡(S)>0a(S)>0 and all D∈[0,1],S+D≤0D\in[0,1],\,S+D\leq 0 we have the estimate

D≤e⁡(3+2/δ)​B​a​(S+D)δ.D\leq e(3+2/\delta)B\,a(S+D)^{\delta}\,.

The following lemma is a simple application of the main result in Bedford-Taylor [Be-Te].

Lemma 5

. Let XX be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension nn, let γ\gamma be a big closed positive (1,1)(1,1)-current with bounded local potentials and let Ω>0\Omega>0 be a smooth volume form. Then there exist constants α=α⁡(γ,Ω)>0\alpha=\alpha(\gamma,\Omega)>0, C=C⁡(γ,Ω)>0C=C(\gamma,\Omega)>0 such that

∫VΩ≤eαCe−α/Capγ(V)1/n,\displaystyle\int\limits_{V}\Omega\leq e^{\alpha}Ce^{-\alpha/\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(V)^{1/n}}\,,

for all open sets V⊂XV\subset X.

Proof. In order to prove this estimate, it is sufficient by (2.1) to show the inequality

∫UΩ≤eαCe−α/Capγ(U¯)1/n\displaystyle\int\limits_{U}\Omega\leq e^{\alpha}Ce^{-\alpha/\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{U}\,)^{1/n}}

for an arbitrary relatively compact open set U⊂⊂VU\subset\subset V. For this purpose, consider the function

ΨU(x):=sup{φ(x)∣φ∈𝒫γ,φ∣U≤0}≥0.\Psi_{U}(x):=\sup\{\varphi(x)\,\mid\,\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\,,\,\varphi_{\mid_{U}}\leq 0\}\geq 0\,.

Remark that (ΨU)∣U≡0(\Psi_{U})_{\mid_{U}}\equiv 0 since 0∈𝒫γ0\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}. If U≠∅U\not=\emptyset there exists a constant CU>0C_{U}>0 such that supXφ≤CU\sup_{X}\,\varphi\leq C_{U} for all φ∈𝒫γ,φ∣U≤0\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\,,\,\varphi_{\mid_{U}}\leq 0. In fact let SU:={φ∈𝒫γ∣φ∣U≤0}S_{U}:=\{\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\,\mid\,\varphi_{\mid_{U}}\leq 0\} and set φ~:=φ−supXφ\tilde{\varphi}:=\varphi-\sup_{X}\varphi. By contradiction we would get φj∈SU\varphi_{j}\in S_{U} such that supXφj→+∞\sup_{X}\varphi_{j}\rightarrow+\infty. This implies supUφ~j→−∞\sup_{U}\tilde{\varphi}_{j}\rightarrow-\infty and so ∫U−φ~jΩ≥−CsupUφ~j→+∞\int_{U}-\tilde{\varphi}_{j}\,\Omega\geq-C\sup_{U}\tilde{\varphi}_{j}\rightarrow+\infty, which contradicts the first integral estimate of lemma 1.
Then it follows from quite standard local arguments that the upper regularization ΨU∗∈𝒫γ\Psi^{*}_{U}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}. Moreover ΨU∗∈L∞​(X)\Psi^{*}_{U}\in L^{\infty}(X), ΨU∗≥0\Psi^{*}_{U}\geq 0 and ΨU∗≡0\Psi^{*}_{U}\equiv 0 over UU. We recall now the following well known consequence of a result of Bedford and Taylor [Be-Te].

Theorem 4

. Let φ∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X) and let BB be an open coordinate ball. Then there exists φ^∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\hat{\varphi}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X), φ^≥φ\hat{\varphi}\geq\varphi such that γφ^n=0\gamma^{n}_{\hat{\varphi}}=0 on BB and φ^=φ\hat{\varphi}=\varphi on X∖BX\smallsetminus B. Moreover if φ1≤φ2\varphi_{1}\leq\varphi_{2}, then φ^1≤φ^2\hat{\varphi}_{1}\leq\hat{\varphi}_{2}.

This implies the following corollary.

Corollary 1

. The extremal function ΨU∗∈𝒫γ∩L∞​(X)\Psi^{*}_{U}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}\cap L^{\infty}(X) satisfies ΨU∗≥0\Psi^{*}_{U}\geq 0 over XX, ΨU∗≡0\Psi^{*}_{U}\equiv 0 over UU and γΨU∗n=0\gamma^{n}_{\Psi^{*}_{U}}=0 over X∖U¯X\smallsetminus\overline{U}.

Proof. By the classical Choquet lemma there exists a sequence (φj)j⊂SU(\varphi_{j})_{j}\subset S_{U}, φj≥0\varphi_{j}\geq 0 such that ΨU∗=(supjφj)∗\Psi^{*}_{U}=(\sup_{j}\varphi_{j})^{*}. We can assume that this sequence is increasing. Otherwise, set φ~1:=φ1\tilde{\varphi}_{1}:=\varphi_{1} and φ~j:=max⁡{φj,φ~j−1}∈SU\tilde{\varphi}_{j}:=\max\{\varphi_{j},\tilde{\varphi}_{j-1}\}\in S_{U}. Let BB be an open coordinate ball in X∖U¯X\smallsetminus\overline{U} and let φ^j∈SU\hat{\varphi}_{j}\in S_{U} be a solution of the Dirichlet problem γφ^jn=0\gamma^{n}_{\hat{\varphi}_{j}}=0 over BB as in theorem 4. Thus the sequence (φ^j)j⊂SU(\hat{\varphi}_{j})_{j}\subset S_{U} is still increasing and ΨU∗=(supjφ^j)∗\Psi^{*}_{U}=(\sup_{j}\hat{\varphi}_{j})^{*}. Remember also that the plurisubharmonicity implies that ΨU∗=limjφ^j\Psi^{*}_{U}=\lim_{j}\hat{\varphi}_{j} almost everywhere. By the monotone increasing theorem from classical pluripotential theory, we derive γΨU∗n=0\gamma^{n}_{\Psi^{*}_{U}}=0 on BB, and the conclusion follows from the fact that BB is arbitrary. □\Box

By using the second integral estimate of lemma 1 we get

∫UΩ=∫Ue−α​ΨU∗Ω≤∫Xe−α​ΨU∗Ω≤Ce−αsupXΨ∗U.\int\limits_{U}\Omega=\int\limits_{U}e^{-\alpha\,\Psi^{*}_{U}}\,\Omega\,\leq\,\int\limits_{X}e^{-\alpha\,\Psi^{*}_{U}}\,\Omega\,\leq\,Ce^{-\alpha\sup_{X}\Psi^{*}_{U}}\,.

Set KU:=supXΨU∗K_{U}:=\sup_{X}\Psi^{*}_{U}. If KU>1K_{U}>1 set φ:=KU−1​ΨU∗\varphi:=K_{U}^{-1}\Psi^{*}_{U}. Then 0≤γΨU∗≤KU​γφ0\leq\gamma_{\Psi^{*}_{U}}\leq K_{U}\gamma_{\varphi} and so φ∈𝒫γ​[0,1]\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1]. By corollary 1 we deduce

{γ}n​KU−n=KU−n​∫U¯γΨU∗n≤∫U¯γφn≤{γ}n​Capγ⁡(U¯),\{\gamma\}^{n}K_{U}^{-n}=K_{U}^{-n}\int\limits_{\overline{U}}\gamma^{n}_{\Psi^{*}_{U}}\,\leq\,\int\limits_{\overline{U}}\gamma^{n}_{\varphi}\,\leq\,\{\gamma\}^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{U}\,)\,,

thus −αKU≤−α/Capγ(U¯)1/n-\alpha K_{U}\leq-\alpha/\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{U}\,)^{1/n}. If KU≤1K_{U}\leq 1 then ΨU∗∈𝒫γ​[0,1]\Psi^{*}_{U}\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1] and so

1={γ}−n​∫U¯γΨU∗n≤Capγ⁡(U¯)≤Capγ⁡(X)=1.1=\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{\overline{U}}\gamma^{n}_{\Psi^{*}_{U}}\,\leq\,\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{U}\,)\leq\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(X)=1\,.

In both cases we reach the required conclusion. □\Box

Proof of theorem 3, part A.
We can assume supXψ=0\sup_{X}\psi=0. The fact that the current γ\gamma has continuous local potentials implies that the function ψ\psi is upper semicontinuous, so the set Us:={ψ<s}U_{s}:=\{\psi<s\}, s≤0s\leq 0 is open. Let t∈[0,1]t\in[0,1], s+t≤0s+t\leq 0, φ∈𝒫γ​[−1,0]\varphi\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[-1,0] and set V:={ψ−s−t<tφ}V:=\{\psi-s-t<t\varphi\}. Then the inclusions Us⊂V⊂Us+tU_{s}\subset V\subset U_{s+t} hold. Using the Degenerate Comparison Principle we get

tn​∫Usγφn≤∫Usγt​φn≤∫Vγt​φn≤∫Vγψn≤∫Us+tγψn,t^{n}\int\limits_{U_{s}}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{U_{s}}\gamma_{t\varphi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{V}\gamma_{t\varphi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{V}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\;\leq\int\limits_{U_{s+t}}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\,,

thus combining this with Hölder’s inequality in Orlicz spaces [Iw-Ma] and lemma 5 we obtain

tn​Capγ⁡(Us)\displaystyle t^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s}) ≤\displaystyle\leq {γ}−n​∫Us+tγψn={γ}−n​∫Us+tf​Ω\displaystyle\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{U_{s+t}}\gamma_{\psi}^{n}\;=\,\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{U_{s+t}}f\,\Omega
≤\displaystyle\leq {γ}−n​Cε0​‖f‖L​logn+ε​L​(X)⋅‖1‖Exp1n+ε⁡L⁡(Us+t)\displaystyle\{\gamma\}^{-n}C_{\varepsilon_{0}}\|f\|_{L\log^{n+\varepsilon}L(X)}\cdot\|1\|_{\operatorname{Exp}^{\frac{1}{n+\varepsilon}}L(U_{s+t})}
=\displaystyle= {γ}−n​Cε0​‖f‖L​logn+ε​L​(X)logn+ε⁡(1+1/VolΩ⁡(Us+t))\displaystyle\frac{\{\gamma\}^{-n}C_{\varepsilon_{0}}\|f\|_{L\log^{n+\varepsilon}L(X)}}{\log^{n+\varepsilon}\left(1+1/\operatorname{Vol}_{\Omega}(U_{s+t})\right)}
≤\displaystyle\leq {γ}−n​Cε0​‖f‖L​logn+ε​L​(X)logn+ε⁡(1+e−α​C−1​eα/Capγ⁡(Us+t)1/n)\displaystyle\frac{\{\gamma\}^{-n}C_{\varepsilon_{0}}\|f\|_{L\log^{n+\varepsilon}L(X)}}{\log^{n+\varepsilon}\left(1+e^{-\alpha}C^{-1}e^{\alpha/\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s+t})^{1/n}}\right)}
≤\displaystyle\leq Cε0​(k/α)n+ε​{γ}−n​‖f‖L​logn+ε​L​(X)​Capγ​(Us+t)(n+ε)/n.\displaystyle C_{\varepsilon_{0}}(k/\alpha)^{n+\varepsilon}\{\gamma\}^{-n}\|f\|_{L\log^{n+\varepsilon}L(X)}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s+t})^{(n+\varepsilon)/n}\,.

(Here k>0k>0 is a constant such that k−1​α/x≤log⁡(1+e−α​C−1​eα/x)k^{-1}\alpha/x\leq\log(1+e^{-\alpha}C^{-1}e^{\alpha/x}) for all x∈(0,1]x\in(0,1]). So if we set δ:=ε/n\delta:=\varepsilon/n and

B:=Cε01/n​(k/α)1+ε/n​Iε​(f)1/n,B:=C_{\varepsilon_{0}}^{1/n}(k/\alpha)^{1+\varepsilon/n}I_{\varepsilon}(f)^{1/n}\,,

we deduce that the function a⁡(s):=Capγ⁡(Us)1/na(s):=\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s})^{1/n}, s≤0s\leq 0, satisfies the hypothesis of lemma (4). Consider the function κ⁡(t):=Kδ​B​tδ\kappa(t):=K_{\delta}B\,t^{\delta}, with constant Kδ:=e⁡(3+2/δ)K_{\delta}:=e(3+2/\delta). Remember also the uniform capacity estimate a(s)≤C(−s)−1/na(s)\leq C\,(-s)^{-1/n} of lemma (2). Let now η>1\eta>1 be arbitrary. We claim that a⁡(Sη)=0a(S_{\eta})=0 for

−Sη=Cn​(Kδ​B​η)n/δ+1.-S_{\eta}=C^{n}(K_{\delta}B\,\eta)^{n/\delta}+1\,.

The fact that the function aa is left continuous (by formula (2.1)) will imply that a⁡(S1)=0a(S_{1})=0 also. Remark that SηS_{\eta} is a solution of the equation

C(−Sη−1)−1/n=κ−1(η−1),C(-S_{\eta}-1)^{-1/n}=\kappa^{-1}(\eta^{-1})\,,

where κ−1\kappa^{-1} is the inverse of the function κ\kappa. So if by absurd a⁡(Sη)>0a(S_{\eta})>0 we deduce by lemmas (4) and (1)

1≤κ(a(Sη+1))≤κ(C(−Sη−1)−1/n)=η−1<1,1\leq\kappa(a(S_{\eta}+1))\leq\kappa(C(-S_{\eta}-1)^{-1/n})=\eta^{-1}<1\,,

which is a contradiction. Thus if we set −I:=max⁡{s≤0∣a⁡(s)=0}-I:=\max\{s\leq 0\,\mid\,a(s)=0\} we obtain I≤−S1≤Cn​(Kδ​B)n/δ+1I\leq-S_{1}\leq C^{n}(K_{\delta}B)^{n/\delta}+1, which by arranging the coefficients yelds to the right hand side of the estimate in the statement of the theorem 3. Moreover by definition Capγ⁡(U−I)=0\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{-I})=0. In order to prove that U−I=∅U_{-I}=\emptyset we will show that every relatively compact open set V⊂⊂U−IV\subset\subset U_{-I} is empty. We know that Capγ⁡(V¯)=0\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{V}\,)=0. We recall that V≠∅V\not=\emptyset implies supXΨV<+∞\sup_{X}\Psi_{V}<+\infty, by the remark in the begining of lemma 5. So supXΨV=+∞\sup_{X}\Psi_{V}=+\infty implies V=∅V=\emptyset. Moreover KV:=supXΨV∗=+∞K_{V}:=\sup_{X}\Psi^{*}_{V}=+\infty if and only if supXΨV=+∞\sup_{X}\Psi_{V}=+\infty. We recall also that KV≤1K_{V}\leq 1 implies Capγ⁡(V¯)=1\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{V}\,)=1, by the proof of lemma 5. This is equivalent to say that Capγ⁡(V¯)<1\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{V}\,)<1 implies KV>1K_{V}>1. In this case KV≥Capγ(V¯)−1/nK_{V}\geq\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(\,\overline{V}\,)^{-1/n}. We deduce KV=+∞K_{V}=+\infty, thus V=∅V=\emptyset. □\Box

Proof of part B.
Set a:=max⁡{‖φ‖L∞​(X),‖ψ‖L∞​(X)}a:=\max\{\|\varphi\|_{L^{\infty}}(X),\,\|\psi\|_{L^{\infty}}(X)\}, consider θ∈𝒫γ​[0,1]\theta\in{\cal P}_{\gamma}[0,1], s≥0s\geq 0, t∈[0,1]t\in[0,1] and set

V:={φ<t1+aθ+(1−t1+a)ψ−s−t}.V:=\left\{\varphi<\frac{t}{1+a}\,\theta+\left(1-\frac{t}{1+a}\right)\psi-s-t\right\}\,.

Then the elementary inequality 0≤−t1+a​ψ≤a​t1+a0\leq-\frac{t}{1+a}\psi\leq\frac{at}{1+a} implies the inclusions {φ−ψ<−s−t}⊂V⊂{φ−ψ<−s}\{\varphi-\psi<-s-t\}\subset V\subset\{\varphi-\psi<-s\}. Thus by applying the Degenerate Comparison Principle we obtain

tn(1+a)n​∫φ−ψ<−s−tγθn\displaystyle\frac{t^{n}}{(1+a)^{n}}\int\limits_{\varphi-\psi<-s-t}\gamma_{\theta}^{n} ≤\displaystyle\leq ∫V[t1+a​γθ+(1−t1+a)​γψ]n\displaystyle\int\limits_{V}\left[\frac{t}{1+a}\,\gamma_{\theta}+\left(1-\frac{t}{1+a}\right)\gamma_{\psi}\right]^{n}
≤\displaystyle\leq ∫Vγφn≤∫φ−ψ<−sγφn.\displaystyle\int\limits_{V}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\;\;\leq\;\;\int\limits_{\varphi-\psi<-s}\gamma_{\varphi}^{n}\,.

By inverting the roles of φ\varphi and ψ\psi in the previous inequality and by summing up we get

tn(1+a)n​∫|φ−ψ|>s+tγθn≤∫|φ−ψ|>s(f+g)​Ω.\frac{t^{n}}{(1+a)^{n}}\,\int\limits_{|\varphi-\psi|>s+t}\gamma_{\theta}^{n}\;\;\leq\;\;\int\limits_{|\varphi-\psi|>s}(f+g)\,\Omega\,.

By taking the sup over θ\theta we obtain the capacity estimate

tn​Capγ⁡(|φ−ψ|>s+t)≤(1+a)n​{γ}−n​∫|φ−ψ|>s(f+g)​Ω,\displaystyle t^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(|\varphi-\psi|>s+t)\leq(1+a)^{n}\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{|\varphi-\psi|>s}(f+g)\,\Omega\,, (2.6)

for all s≥0s\geq 0, t∈[0,1]t\in[0,1]. The fact that the solutions φ\varphi and ψ\psi are continuous implies that the sets Us:={|φ−ψ|>s}⊂XU_{s}:=\{|\varphi-\psi|>s\}\subset X are open. Thus by combining lemma 5 with a computation similar to that in the proof of part A we obtain

tn​Capγ⁡(Us+t)\displaystyle t^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s+t}) ≤\displaystyle\leq (1+a)n​{γ}−n​Cε0​‖f+g‖L​logn+ε0​L​(X)​Capγ​(Us)(n+ε)/n\displaystyle(1+a)^{n}\{\gamma\}^{-n}C_{\varepsilon_{0}}\|f+g\|_{L\log^{n+\varepsilon_{0}}L(X)}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s})^{(n+\varepsilon)/n}
≤\displaystyle\leq Bn​Capγ​(Us)(n+ε)/n,\displaystyle B^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{s})^{(n+\varepsilon)/n}\,,

where the constant B>0B>0 depends on the same quantities as the constant C2C_{2} in the statement B of theorem 3. We deduce that the function a⁡(s):=Capγ⁡(U−s)1/na(s):=\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(U_{-s})^{1/n}, s≤0s\leq 0, satisfies the hypothesis of lemma (4) with δ=ε0/n\delta=\varepsilon_{0}/n. On the other hand, the capacity estimate (2.6) combined with Hölder’s inequality in Orlicz spaces implies for all t∈[0,1]t\in[0,1] the inequalities

tn​Capγ⁡(|φ−ψ|>2​t)\displaystyle t^{n}\operatorname{Cap}_{\gamma}(|\varphi-\psi|>2t) ≤\displaystyle\leq (1+a)n​{γ}−n​∫|φ−ψ|>t(f+g)​Ω\displaystyle(1+a)^{n}\{\gamma\}^{-n}\int\limits_{|\varphi-\psi|>t}(f+g)\,\Omega (2.7)
≤\displaystyle\leq (1+a)n​{γ}−nt​∫X|φ−ψ|​(f+g)​Ω\displaystyle\frac{(1+a)^{n}\{\gamma\}^{-n}}{t}\int\limits_{X}|\varphi-\psi|(f+g)\,\Omega
≤\displaystyle\leq 2​(1+a)n​{γ}−nt​‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X)​‖f+g‖L​log⁡L​(X)\displaystyle\frac{2(1+a)^{n}\{\gamma\}^{-n}}{t}\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}\|f+g\|_{L\log L(X)}
≤\displaystyle\leq 4​K​(1+a)nt​‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X).\displaystyle\frac{4K(1+a)^{n}}{t}\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}\,.
Claim 4

. If ‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)≤1/2\|\varphi-\psi\|_{L^{1}(X)}\leq 1/2, then there exists a constant Ca>0C_{a}>0 such that

‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X)≤Ca/log⁡‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)−1.\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}\leq C_{a}/\log\|\varphi-\psi\|^{-1}_{L^{1}(X)}\,.

Proof. We assume ‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)>0\|\varphi-\psi\|_{L^{1}(X)}>0, otherwise there is nothing to prove. Set Ck,a:=k⁡(e2​a/k−1)/(2​a)C_{k,a}:=k(e^{2a/k}-1)/(2a), k>0k>0. Then for all k>0k>0 and all x∈[0,2​a/k]x\in[0,2a/k] the inequality ex−1≤Ck,a​xe^{x}-1\leq C_{k,a}\,x holds. Then the inequality |φ−ψ|/k≤2​a/k|\varphi-\psi|/k\leq 2a/k implies

∫X(e|φ−ψ|/k−1)​Ω≤Ck,a​∫X|φ−ψ|k​Ω.\int\limits_{X}\left(e^{|\varphi-\psi|/k}-1\right)\Omega\leq C_{k,a}\int\limits_{X}\frac{|\varphi-\psi|}{k}\,\Omega\,.

We get from there the implication

‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)=k/Ck,a⟹‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X)≤k,\displaystyle\|\varphi-\psi\|_{L^{1}(X)}=k/C_{k,a}\quad\Longrightarrow\quad\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}\leq k\,, (2.8)

since by definition

‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X):=inf{k>0∣∫X(e|φ−ψ|/k−1)​Ω≤1}.\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}:=\inf\left\{k>0\,\mid\;\int\limits_{X}\left(e^{|\varphi-\psi|/k}-1\right)\Omega\leq 1\,\right\}\,.

So if we set μ⁡(k):=k/Ck,a>0\mu(k):=k/C_{k,a}>0 we deduce by the implication (2.8)

‖φ−ψ‖Exp⁡L⁡(X)≤μ−1​(‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)),\displaystyle\|\varphi-\psi\|_{\operatorname{Exp}L(X)}\leq\mu^{-1}\left(\|\varphi-\psi\|_{L^{1}(X)}\right)\,, (2.9)

where μ−1:ℝ>0→ℝ>0\mu^{-1}:\mathbb{R}_{>0}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_{>0} is the inverse function of μ\mu. Explicitly μ−1​(y)=2​a/log⁡(1+2​a/y)\mu^{-1}(y)=2a/\log(1+2a/y), for all y>0y>0. Now there exists a constant Ca>0C_{a}>0 such that μ−1​(y)≤Ca/log⁡(1/y)\mu^{-1}(y)\leq C_{a}/\log(1/y) for all y∈(0,1/2]y\in(0,1/2]. This combined with (2.9) implies the conclusion. □\Box

Combining claim 4 with the estimate (2.7) we infer the capacity estimate

a(−t)≤Ct1+1/n(log∥φ−ψ∥L1​(X)−1)−1/n,\displaystyle a(-t)\leq\frac{C}{t^{1+1/n}}\left(\log\|\varphi-\psi\|^{-1}_{L^{1}(X)}\right)^{-1/n}\,, (2.10)

where the constant C>0C>0 depends on the same quantities as the constant C2C_{2} in statement B. Set now C2:=Cn​(2​Kδ​B)n/δ>0C_{2}:=C^{n}(2K_{\delta}B)^{n/\delta}>0 (with Kδ>0K_{\delta}>0 as in the proof of part A) and define

t:=C2α0​(log⁡‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)−1)−α0.t:=C_{2}^{\alpha_{0}}\left(\log\|\varphi-\psi\|^{-1}_{L^{1}(X)}\right)^{-\alpha_{0}}\,.

The hypothesis t∈(0,1]t\in(0,1] combined with the hypothesis of claim 4 forces the condition ‖φ−ψ‖L1​(X)≤min⁡{1/2,e−C2}\|\varphi-\psi\|_{L^{1}(X)}\leq\min\{1/2,e^{-C_{2}}\}. Moreover tt is solution of the equation

Ct1+1/n(log∥φ−ψ∥L1​(X)−1)−1/n=κ−1(t2),\frac{C}{t^{1+1/n}}\left(\log\|\varphi-\psi\|^{-1}_{L^{1}(X)}\right)^{-1/n}=\kappa^{-1}\left(\frac{t}{2}\right)\,,

where κ−1\kappa^{-1} is the inverse of the function κ\kappa introduced in the proof of part A. We claim that a⁡(−2​t)=0a(-2t)=0. Otherwise, by lemma (4) and inequality (2.10), we infer

0<t≤κ⁡(a⁡(−t))≤κ⁡(κ−1​(t/2))=t/2,0<t\leq\kappa(a(-t))\leq\kappa(\kappa^{-1}(t/2))=t/2\,,

which is absurd. By using the argument already explained at the end of the proof of part A, we deduce that the set {|φ−ψ|>2t}⊂X\{|\varphi-\psi|>2t\}\subset X is empty, which implies the desired conclusion. □\Box

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.