2 General estimates for the solutions.
Let be a compact complex manifold of complex dimension and let be a closed real -current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive -current with bounded local potentials. Then to any distribution on such that we can associate a unique locally integrable and bounded from above function such that the corresponding distribution coincides with and such that for any continuous or plurisubharmonic local potential of the function is plurisubharmonic. In fact let , two open sets such that over , over , with , in the first case or , in the second case. Consider now the distributions and . Then the hypothesis implies the existence of uniques , such that the corresponding distributions are respectively and . We set and . The function is harmonic in both cases. Then the identity over implies that the plurisubharmonic functions and represent the same distribution so they coincide over . We deduce over . In this way we obtain a global function which satisfies the required properties since the function is harmonic in both cases. Then the uniqueness of is obvious. The set of functions obtained in this way will be denoted by . We set
. A closed positive -current with bounded local potentials such that , will be called big.
Theorem 3
.
Let be a compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension , let be a smooth volume form, let be a big closed positive -current with continuous local potentials. Let also
be a solution of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampère equation
with for some .
Then the following conclusions hold.
(A)
There exist a uniform constant such that for all holds an estimate
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where
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(B) Assume that the solution is continuous, normalized by the condition and consider also a continuous solution , of the degenerate complex Monge-Ampère equation
with . Let be a constant such that . Then there exists a constant such that
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provided that the inequality
holds.
(C) Let be a family of currents satisfying the same properties as , fix a finite covering of coordinate starshaped open sets, and let us write with over and , .
Assume
(C1) and
(C2a) there exist a decomposition of the type , whith smooth, , and for some Kähler metric on ,
or
(C2b) the distributions are represented by functions and
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Then for .
Statement (C) will follow from the arguments of the proof of theorem 3.
Remark 1. As application of his estimates, Kołodziej considers in Example 1, page 91 of [Kol]
Monge-Ampère equations with non degenerate left hand side and with right hand side taking values in the Orlicz space , with , . If we take with an integer we obtain
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This implies .
Let be a compact complex manifold of complex dimension , let be a big closed positive -current with bounded local potentials. Set
and
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for all Borel sets . We remark that if , is a family of Borel sets and then
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(2.1) |
In fact for all let such that . Then
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Lemma 1
.
Let be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension , let be a closed real -current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive -current with bounded local potentials and let be a smooth volume form. Then there exist constants , such that and for all .
The first two integral estimates of lemma (1) are quite standard in the elementary theory of plurisubharmonic functions and the dependence of the constants and on is only on the bound of its local potentials. To be more precise concerning the uniform estimate one can make the constant depending only on the cohomology class of as in [Ti1], but in this case the constant will depend on the bound of the local potentials of and on the volume form . One can also make depending only on the volume form , but in this case will depend on the bound of the local potentials of and on the volume form .
Lemma 2
. Let be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension , let be a big closed positive -current with bounded local potentials.
(A). If is Kähler and possesses continuous local potentials then there exist a constant such that for all and . Moreover the constant stay bounded for pertutbations of satisfying the hypothesis and of the statement in theorem 3.
(B). If , for a smooth volume form then the conclusion of statement hold whith a constant which stay bounded for pertutbations of satisfying the hypothesis and of the statement in theorem 3.
Proof.
We remark first the inequality
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and we prove the following elementary claim.
Claim 1
.
Let be a closed positive -current with bounded local potentials over a compact complex manifold of complex dimension and let such that and . Then
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(2.2) |
Proof. The fact that the current is positive implies , , so by the monotone convergence theorem it is sufficent to prove the inequality (2.2) for . So assume this and let be a hermitian metric over . By a result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] there exist a family of functions , such that as . Consider now the integrals
for all . Then . In fact by Stokes formula
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In this way we deduce the required inequality .
The following claim will be very useful for the rest of the paper.
Claim 2
.
Let be a polarized connected compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension and let , be closed positive -currents with continuous local potentials. Then for all
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and for all .
Proof. The proof of the convergence of the constants goes by induction on . The statement is true for by the first integral estimate of lemma 1. So we assume it is true for and prove it for . Let , .
The inductive hypothesis allows us to apply the decreasing monotone convergence theorem in order to deduce
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which means the converegence in mass as , in particular weakly as . So by the weak continuity of the operator we deduce
and
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(2.3) |
weakly as . By the result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] let , such that as and write , whith smooth, and continuous whith .
By using the monotone convergence theorem, Stokes formula and (2.3), we expand the integral
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by the inductive hypothesis.
Concerning the symmetry of the exterior product we remark that the weak continuity of the operator implies by induction on
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weakly as . This combined with (2.3) implies
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In the particular case the constant
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satisfies the capacity estimate of the statement (A) of the lemma 2, by the claim 1. Moreover the
previous induction give us
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where and in general
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We deduce . Thus if is a family satisfying the hypothesis and of the statement in theorem 3 and then the constant satisfies the stability properties of the statement (A) of the lemma 2. We prove now the statement (B) of the lemma 2.
In fact let . Then the uniform estimate for the integral
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follows from the elementary inequality combined with the uniform estimate of lemma 1. In this case the required stability properties of the constant in the capacity estimate are obvious.
Lemma 3
(Degenerate Comparison Principle).
Let be a compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension , let be a closed real -current with continuous local potentials or a closed positive -current with bounded local potentials, and consider . Then
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Proof.
Step I. We assume first . We will denote by the boundary in of a set . By the continuity of the functions we deduce:
1) the set is open and ,
2) for all there exists an open neighborhood of the set such that over .
So and the Stokes formula implies the equality
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for all . Moreover by the monotone convergence theorem in pluripotential theory we deuce that the current converges weakly to the current over the open set as . Thus
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Step II. For the general case we use the following well known fact.
Claim 3
Let be a function over a topological space and let , , be a locally finite family of closed subsets such that and for all . Then .
Let now be a finite open covering of such that over with . By the quasicontinuity of plurisubharmonic functions, for every there exists an open set such that and . In particular . Consider the open set . Then the inclusion implies by claim 3. We can also assume
. Set also . Let be a Kähler metric over and smooth functions over such that , . By the result of Greene-Wu [Gr-Wu] there exists a sequence , and , with and . We can assume , and we set , , . Then by step I
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(2.4) |
Let such that over . Then the set is open and . Thus
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Then by letting we get
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(2.5) |
Now the set is closed by the continuity of and over . Thus
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So by (2.5) we derive
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Then letting and we get
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Now the conclusion follows by replacing by , in the previous formula and letting .
We recall now the following lemma due to Kołodziej [Kol], (see also [Ti-Zhu1],
[Ti-Zhu2]).
Lemma 4
.
Let , be a monotone non decreasing function such that for some , the inequality
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holds for all . Then for all such that and all we have the estimate
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The following lemma is a simple application of the main result in Bedford-Taylor [Be-Te].
Lemma 5
.
Let be a connected compact complex manifold of complex dimension , let be a big closed positive -current with bounded local potentials and let be a smooth volume form. Then there exist constants , such that
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for all open sets .
Proof.
In order to prove this estimate, it is sufficient by (2.1) to show the inequality
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for an arbitrary relatively compact open set .
For this purpose, consider the function
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Remark that since . If there exists a constant such that for all
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In fact
let and set . By contradiction we would get such that . This implies and so , which contradicts the first integral estimate of lemma 1.
Then it follows from quite standard local arguments that the upper regularization . Moreover , and over . We recall now the following well known consequence of a result of Bedford and Taylor [Be-Te].
Theorem 4
.
Let and let be an open coordinate ball. Then there exists , such that on and on . Moreover if , then .
This implies the following corollary.
Corollary 1
. The extremal function satisfies over , over and
over .
Proof. By the classical Choquet lemma there exists a sequence , such that . We can assume that this sequence is increasing. Otherwise, set and . Let be an open coordinate ball in and let be a solution of the Dirichlet problem over as in theorem 4. Thus the sequence is still increasing and . Remember also that the plurisubharmonicity implies that almost everywhere. By the monotone increasing theorem from classical pluripotential theory, we derive on , and the conclusion follows from the fact that is arbitrary.
By using the second integral estimate of lemma 1 we get
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Set . If set . Then and so . By corollary 1 we deduce
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thus . If then and so
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In both cases we reach the required conclusion.
Proof of theorem 3, part A.
We can assume . The fact that the current has continuous local potentials implies that the function is upper semicontinuous, so the set , is open.
Let , ,
and set . Then the inclusions
hold. Using the Degenerate Comparison Principle we get
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thus combining this with Hölder’s inequality in Orlicz spaces [Iw-Ma] and lemma 5 we obtain
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(Here is a constant such that for all ). So if we set and
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we deduce that the function , , satisfies the hypothesis of lemma (4). Consider the function , with constant . Remember also the uniform capacity estimate of lemma (2). Let now be arbitrary. We claim that for
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The fact that the function is left continuous (by formula (2.1)) will imply that also. Remark that is a solution of the equation
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where is the inverse of the function . So if by absurd we deduce by lemmas (4) and (1)
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which is a contradiction. Thus if we set we obtain
, which by arranging the coefficients yelds to the right hand side of the estimate in the statement of the theorem 3. Moreover by definition . In order to prove that we will show that every relatively compact open set
is empty. We know that .
We recall that implies ,
by the remark in the begining of lemma 5. So implies . Moreover if and only if . We recall also that implies , by the proof of lemma 5. This is equivalent to say that implies . In this case . We deduce , thus .
Proof of part B.
Set , consider , ,
and set
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Then the elementary inequality implies the inclusions . Thus by applying the Degenerate Comparison Principle we obtain
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By inverting the roles of and in the previous inequality and by summing up we get
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By taking the sup over we obtain the capacity estimate
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(2.6) |
for all , . The fact that the solutions and are continuous implies that the sets are open. Thus by combining lemma 5 with a computation similar to that in the proof of part A we obtain
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where the constant depends on the same quantities as the constant in the statement B of theorem 3. We deduce that the function , , satisfies the hypothesis of lemma (4) with . On the other hand, the capacity estimate (2.6) combined with Hölder’s inequality in Orlicz spaces implies for all the inequalities
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(2.7) |
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Claim 4
.
If , then there exists a constant such that
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Proof. We assume , otherwise there is nothing to prove. Set , . Then for all and all the inequality holds. Then the inequality implies
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We get from there the implication
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(2.8) |
since by definition
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So if we set we deduce by the implication (2.8)
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(2.9) |
where is the inverse function of .
Explicitly , for all . Now there exists a constant such that for all . This combined with (2.9) implies the conclusion.
Combining claim 4 with the estimate (2.7) we infer the capacity estimate
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(2.10) |
where the constant depends on the same quantities as the constant in statement B. Set now (with as in the proof of part A) and define
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The hypothesis combined with the hypothesis of claim 4 forces the condition .
Moreover is solution of the equation
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where is the inverse of the function introduced in the proof of part A. We claim that . Otherwise, by lemma (4) and inequality (2.10), we infer
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which is absurd. By using the argument already explained at the end of the proof of part A, we deduce that the set is empty, which implies the desired conclusion.