ScalingStacks

Proof of Theorem 1.1 . [05E5]

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Proof of Theorem 1.1.

Assume that the conclusion is not true. Then, for any fixed σ>1\sigma>1, there is a family of closed Ricci-flat Calabi-Yau nn-manifolds {(Mk,ωk,Jk,gk,Ωk)}\{(M_{k},\omega_{k},J_{k},g_{k},\Omega_{k})\} with [ωk]∈H2​(Mk,ℤ)[\omega_{k}]\in H^{2}(M_{k},\mathbb{Z}), and pk∈Mkp_{k}\in M_{k} such that

  • i)

    the injectivity radius and the sectional curvature

    igk​(pk)<1k,supBgk​(pk,1)|Kgk|≤1,i_{g_{k}}(p_{k})<\frac{1}{k},\ \ \ \sup_{B_{g_{k}}(p_{k},1)}|K_{g_{k}}|\leq 1,
  • ii)

    [Ωk|Bgk​(pk,σ​igk​(pk))]≠0[\Omega_{k}|_{B_{g_{k}}(p_{k},\sigma i_{g_{k}}(p_{k}))}]\neq 0 in Hn​(Bgk​(pk,σ​igk​(pk)),ℂ)H^{n}(B_{g_{k}}(p_{k},\sigma i_{g_{k}}(p_{k})),\mathbb{C}).

  • iii)

    for any open subset Wk′⊃Bgk​(pk,σ​igk​(pk))W_{k}^{\prime}\supset B_{g_{k}}(p_{k},\sigma i_{g_{k}}(p_{k})), (Wk′,ωk,Ωk)(W_{k}^{\prime},\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) wouldn’t admit special lagrangian fibrations.

If we denote ω~k=igk−2​(pk)​ωk\tilde{\omega}_{k}=i^{-2}_{g_{k}}(p_{k})\omega_{k}, g~k=igk−2​(pk)​gk\tilde{g}_{k}=i^{-2}_{g_{k}}(p_{k})g_{k}, and Ω~k=igk−n​(pk)​Ωk\tilde{\Omega}_{k}=i^{-n}_{g_{k}}(p_{k})\Omega_{k}, then

ig~k​(pk)=1,supBg~k​(pk,k)|Kg~k|≤1k2,i_{\tilde{g}_{k}}(p_{k})=1,\ \ \ \sup_{B_{\tilde{g}_{k}}(p_{k},k)}|K_{\tilde{g}_{k}}|\leq\frac{1}{k^{2}},

and [Ω~k|Bg~k​(pk,σ)]≠0[\tilde{\Omega}_{k}|_{B_{\tilde{g}_{k}}(p_{k},\sigma)}]\neq 0 in Hn​(Bg~k​(pk,σ),ℂ)H^{n}(B_{\tilde{g}_{k}}(p_{k},\sigma),\mathbb{C}). By the Cheeger-Gromov’s convergence theorem (c.f. Theorem 2.1), a subsequence of (Mk,ω~k,g~k,Jk,Ω~k,pk)(M_{k},\tilde{\omega}_{k},\tilde{g}_{k},J_{k},\tilde{\Omega}_{k},p_{k}) converges to a complete flat Calabi-Yau nn-manifold (X,ω0,g0,J0,Ω0,p0)(X,\omega_{0},g_{0},J_{0},\Omega_{0},p_{0}) in the C∞C^{\infty}-sense, i.e. for any r>σr>\sigma, there are embeddings Fr,k:Bg0​(p0,r)⟶MkF_{r,k}:B_{g_{0}}(p_{0},r)\longrightarrow M_{k} such that Fr,k​(p0)=pkF_{r,k}(p_{0})=p_{k}, and Fr,k∗​g~kF_{r,k}^{*}\tilde{g}_{k} (resp. Fr,k∗​ω~kF_{r,k}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{k} and Fr,k∗​Ω~kF_{r,k}^{*}\tilde{\Omega}_{k}) converges to g0g_{0} (resp. ω0\omega_{0} and Ω0\Omega_{0}) in the C∞C^{\infty}-sense. Furthermore, ig0​(p0)=1i_{g_{0}}(p_{0})=1. The soul theorem (c.f. [6], [29]) implies that there is a compact flat totally geodesic submanifold S⊂XS\subset X, the soul, such that (X,g0)(X,g_{0}) is isometric to the total space of the normal bundle ν⁡(S)\nu(S) with a metric induced by g0|Sg_{0}|_{S} and a natural flat connection.

By Proposition (3.4), there is a finite normal covering π:X~⟶X\pi:\tilde{X}\longrightarrow X with covering group Γ\Gamma such that

  • i)

    (X~,π∗​g0)(\tilde{X},\pi^{*}g_{0}) is isometric to (Tn×ℝn,h+hE)(T^{n}\times\mathbb{R}^{n},h+h_{E}), where Tn=ℝn/ΛT^{n}=\mathbb{R}^{n}/\Lambda, Λ\Lambda is a lattice in ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n}, hEh_{E} is the standard Euclidean metric on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n}, and hh is the standard flat metric on TnT^{n} induced by hEh_{E}.

  • ii)

    The action of Γ\Gamma on X~\tilde{X} is a product action, i.e. there are Γ\Gamma-actions on TnT^{n} and ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n} such that γ⋅(x,y)=(γ⋅x,γ⋅y)\gamma\cdot(x,y)=(\gamma\cdot x,\gamma\cdot y) for any x∈Tnx\in T^{n} and y∈ℝny\in\mathbb{R}^{n}. Furthermore, Tn×{0}T^{n}\times\{0\} is Γ\Gamma-invariant, and S=(Tn×{0})/ΓS=(T^{n}\times\{0\})/\Gamma.

  • iii)
    π∗​ω0|Tn×{y}≡0,andπ∗​Im​e−1​θ0​Ω0|Tn×{y}≡0,\pi^{*}\omega_{0}|_{T^{n}\times\{y\}}\equiv 0,\ \ {\rm and}\ \ \pi^{*}{\rm Im}e^{\sqrt{-1}\theta_{0}}\Omega_{0}|_{T^{n}\times\{y\}}\equiv 0,

    for any y∈ℝny\in\mathbb{R}^{n}, and a constant θ0∈ℝ\theta_{0}\in\mathbb{R}.

Note that the Γ\Gamma-action on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n} preserves hEh_{E}, and, BhE​(0,ρ)B_{h_{E}}(0,\rho), which implies that X~ρ=Tn×BhE​(0,ρ)\tilde{X}_{\rho}=T^{n}\times B_{h_{E}}(0,\rho) are invariant, for any ρ>0\rho>0. Lemma (3.3) shows [Fr,k∗​ω~k|S]=0[F_{r,k}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{k}|_{S}]=0 in H2​(S,ℝ)H^{2}(S,\mathbb{R}), for k≫1k\gg 1, which implies [π∗​Fr,k∗​ω~k|X~ρ]=0[\pi^{*}F_{r,k}^{*}\tilde{\omega}_{k}|_{\tilde{X}_{\rho}}]=0 in H2​(X~ρ,ℝ)H^{2}(\tilde{X}_{\rho},\mathbb{R}), for any ρ>0\rho>0. By Remark (3.5), there are parallel 1-forms d​x1,⋯,d​xndx_{1},\cdots,dx_{n} on (Tn,h)(T^{n},h), which are pointwise linear independent, and coordinates y1,⋯,yny_{1},\cdots,y_{n} on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n} such that

π∗​g0=∑(d​xj2+d​yj2),π∗​ω0=∑d​xj∧d​yj,e−1​θ0​π∗​Ω0=⋀j=1n(d​xj+−1​d​yj).\pi^{*}g_{0}=\sum(dx_{j}^{2}+dy_{j}^{2}),\ \ \ \pi^{*}\omega_{0}=\sum dx_{j}\wedge dy_{j},\ \ \ e^{\sqrt{-1}\theta_{0}}\pi^{*}\Omega_{0}=\bigwedge_{j=1}^{n}(dx_{j}+\sqrt{-1}dy_{j}).

Hence Condition 4.1 is satisfied.

Let r>ρ≫σr>\rho\gg\sigma such that Bg0​(p0,σ)⊂π⁡(X~ρ)⊂π⁡(X~2​ρ)⊂Bg0​(p0,r)B_{g_{0}}(p_{0},\sigma)\subset\pi(\tilde{X}_{\rho})\subset\pi(\tilde{X}_{2\rho})\subset B_{g_{0}}(p_{0},r). By Proposition (4.6), for k≫1k\gg 1, there is an open set Wk⊃X~ρW_{k}\supset\tilde{X}_{\rho} such that (Wk,π∗​Fr,k∗​ωk,π∗​Fr,k∗​Ωk)(W_{k},\pi^{*}F_{r,k}^{*}\omega_{k},\pi^{*}F_{r,k}^{*}\Omega_{k}) admits a equivariant special lagrangian fibration fk:Wk⟶Bkf_{k}:W_{k}\longrightarrow B_{k} of phase θk\theta_{k}, where Bk⊂ℝnB_{k}\subset\mathbb{R}^{n}, i.e. there is a Γ\Gamma-action on BkB_{k}, fkf_{k} is a Γ\Gamma-equivariant map, and

π∗​Fr,k∗​ωk|fk−1​(b)≡0,π∗​Fr,k∗​Im​e−1​θk​Ωk|fk−1​(b)≡0,\pi^{*}F_{r,k}^{*}\omega_{k}|_{f_{k}^{-1}(b)}\equiv 0,\ \ \ \pi^{*}F_{r,k}^{*}{\rm Im}e^{\sqrt{-1}\theta_{k}}\Omega_{k}|_{f_{k}^{-1}(b)}\equiv 0,

for any b∈Bkb\in B_{k}. Hence fkf_{k} induces a special lagrangian fibration f¯k:π⁡(Wk)⟶Bk/Γ\bar{f}_{k}:\pi(W_{k})\longrightarrow B_{k}/\Gamma, which implies that (Fr,k∘π⁡(Wk),ωk,Ωk)(F_{r,k}\circ\pi(W_{k}),\omega_{k},\Omega_{k}) admits a special lagrangian fibration, and Fr,k∘π⁡(Wk)⊃Bgk​(xk,σ​igk​(xk))F_{r,k}\circ\pi(W_{k})\supset B_{g_{k}}(x_{k},\sigma i_{g_{k}}(x_{k})). It is a contradiction. We obtain the conclusion. ∎

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