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Proof: Let . By Stokes’ formula in Proposition 3.5, we have
where (resp. ) ranges over all elements of of dimension (resp. ). Suppose now that for some -dimensional . Recall that we may view as a multilinear map which is alternating in the first arguments and also alternating in the last arguments. But an alternating -linear map on a vector space of dimension is zero and hence the restriction of to is zero. Then the above display proves (a) (b).
Conversely, if for some -dimensional , then there is an such that the restriction of to is non-zero. We may also assume that the support of is disjoint from all other -dimensional polyhedra of . Then the above display proves (b) (a). The equivalence of (a) and (c) is shown similarly.