ScalingStacks

2.8 [034Y]

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2.8

Let UU be an open subset of NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} and let σ\sigma be an rr-dimensional integral ℝ{\mathbb{R}}-affine polyhedron contained in UU. For any closed face ρ\rho of codimension 11, let ωρ,σ:=ω∂H,H\omega_{\rho,\sigma}:=\omega_{\partial H,H} using 2.7 for the affine hyperplane ∂H\partial H generated by ρ\rho and the corresponding halfspace containing σ\sigma. We note that ωρ,σ∈N\omega_{\rho,\sigma}\in N is determined up to addition with elements in Nρ=N∩𝕃ρN_{\rho}=N\cap{\mathbb{L}}_{\rho}, where 𝕃ρ{\mathbb{L}}_{\rho} is the linear hyperplane parallel to ρ\rho.

For η∈Acr−1,r​(U)\eta\in A_{c}^{r-1,r}(U), we have introduced the contraction ⟨η;ωρ,σ⟩{r}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma}\rangle_{\{r\}} as an element of Acr−1,r−1​(U)A_{c}^{r-1,r-1}(U) which is obtained by inserting the vector ωρ,σ\omega_{\rho,\sigma} for the rr-th argument of the corresponding multilinear function (see 2.6). Note that the restriction of this contraction to ρ\rho does not depend on the choice of the representative ωρ,σ\omega_{\rho,\sigma}. Then we define

∫∂ση:=∑ρ∫ρ⟨η;ωρ,σ⟩{r},\int_{\partial\sigma}\eta:=\sum_{\rho}\int_{\rho}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma}\rangle_{\{r\}},

where ρ\rho ranges over all closed faces of σ\sigma of codimension 11. On the right, we use the integrals of (r−1,r−1)(r-1,r-1)-superforms from 2.4. For η∈Acr,r−1​(U)\eta\in A_{c}^{r,r-1}(U), we define similarly

∫∂ση:=∑ρ∫ρ⟨η;ωρ,σ⟩{1}.\int_{\partial\sigma}\eta:=\sum_{\rho}\int_{\rho}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma}\rangle_{\{1\}}.

Note that the integrals do depend only on the integral ℝ{\mathbb{R}}-affine structure of NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} but do not depend on the choice of the orientation of NℝN_{\mathbb{R}}.

If σ\sigma is an integral ℝ{\mathbb{R}}-affine polyhedron of any dimension nn and if η∈Acn−1,n​(U)\eta\in A_{c}^{n-1,n}(U) for an open subset UU of NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} containing σ\sigma, then we define ∫∂ση\int_{\partial\sigma}\eta by applying the above to the affine space 𝔸σ{\mathbb{A}}_{\sigma} generated by σ\sigma and to the pull-back of η\eta to 𝔸σ{\mathbb{A}}_{\sigma}. We give now a concrete description of ∫∂ση\int_{\partial\sigma}\eta in terms of integrals over classical n−1n-1-forms. For every closed face ρ\rho of σ\sigma, let Nσ=𝕃σ∩NN_{\sigma}={\mathbb{L}}_{\sigma}\cap N be the canonical integral structure on the affine space generated by σ\sigma. If e1ρ,…,en−1ρe_{1}^{\rho},\dots,e_{n-1}^{\rho} is a basis of NρN_{\rho}, then ωρ,σ,e1ρ,…,en−1ρ\omega_{\rho,\sigma},e_{1}^{\rho},\dots,e_{n-1}^{\rho} is a basis of NσN_{\sigma}. We note that the contraction ⟨η;ωρ,σ,e1ρ,…,en−1ρ⟩{n,…,2​n−1}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma},e_{1}^{\rho},\dots,e_{n-1}^{\rho}\rangle_{\{n,\dots,2n-1\}} may be viewed as a classical (n−1)(n-1)-form on UU and hence we get

∫∂ση=∑ρ∫ρ⟨η;ωρ,σ⟩{n}=∑ρ∫ρ⟨η;ωρ,σ,e1ρ,…,en−1ρ⟩{n,…,2​n−1}.\int_{\partial\sigma}\eta=\sum_{\rho}\int_{\rho}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma}\rangle_{\{n\}}=\sum_{\rho}\int_{\rho}\langle\eta;\omega_{\rho,\sigma},e_{1}^{\rho},\dots,e_{n-1}^{\rho}\rangle_{\{n,\dots,2n-1\}}.

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