1.3. Toric varieties and compactification of balanced polyhedra [04RI]
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1.3. Toric varieties and compactification of balanced polyhedra
Consider the complex algebraic torus , where . It is a commutative Lie group under multiplication. The 2-form
| (2) |
is an invariant symplectic form on . There is an action of the real torus on by coordinatewise multiplication (we treat as the unit circle). The action of is Hamiltonian and thus we have a well-defined moment map (we refer to [1] for the general definition or to a textbook, e.g. [2])
| (3) |
Let be a convex polyhedron with integer (from ) vertices. Recall (see e.g. [4]) that there is a complex toric variety . One way to construct it is to consider the Veronese embedding defined by the linear system of monomials associated to . Here we associate to a point a monomial . We define as the closure of the image of the Veronese embedding. Note that the standard, Fubini-Study, symplectic form on the ambient space defines a symplectic form on (as long as the variety is non-singular). In particular, it gives a symplectic form on that invariant with respect to the action of . This gives us a moment map with respect to
The image of this embedding is the interior . The map can be compactified to the moment map .
The maps and both have the orbits of as their fibers. Thus, they define a natural reparametrization
Definition 6.
Let be an -dimensional balanced polyhedral complex. By Proposition 1.4 there is a convex lattice polyhedron dual to . We define , the compactification of , by taking the closure of in . We call the boundary of . For convenience from now on we identify and .
Proposition 1.12.
Let be a dual -complex and let be a -dimensional face. Then the intersection is a compactification of a dual -complex . If is maximal then is also maximal.
We prove this proposition simultaneously with the following proposition describing the behavior of near infinity. Recall that a supporting vector at a face is a vector such that reaches its maximum precisely over , where is the orthogonal projection in the direction of .
Proposition 1.13.
The complex from Proposition 1.12 can be obtained in the following way. Let be the linear -subspace parallel to the face . Let be a supporting vector at . For a sufficiently large we have .
Proof.
From the finiteness condition in Definition 1 we have that the complex does not depend on the choice of and as long as is supporting and is sufficiently large. The proof of Proposition 1.4 ensures that is a dual -complex. If is maximal then it is dual to a triangulation of into simplices of minimal volume. Such a triangulation induces a triangulation into simplices of minimal volume on the faces and thus is also maximal. ∎
If is a maximal dual -complex then it is generic everywhere except at the points of its boundary . The following proposition describes the local topology of near the boundary. It is a corollary of Proposition 1.12.
Proposition 1.14.
Suppose that is a maximal dual -complex. A point in has a neighborhood of one of the following types: , where . Here is the dimension of the open cell of which contains while is the dimension of the open face of which contains .
We call a point with such a neighborhood a -point of .
Remark 1.15.
The concept of generic polyhedron is closely related to that of special spine in Topology. We remind its definition. Let be a compact -manifold with boundary and be an -dimensional CW-complex such that its every open cell is smoothly embedded to . The complex is called a spine of if is a deformational retract of . The spine is called special if for any point from an open -cell there exists a neighborhood isomorphic to .
Note that if then all the triangulation vertices of a dual -polyhedron are from then is a spine of . In general, is a spine of the polyhedron minus a small neighborhood of the interior lattice points. Note that can be treated as a special spine of if we treat as a manifold with boundary and corners.