ScalingStacks

5.7. Proof of Theorems 1 , 1’ and 3 [04TI]

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5.7. Proof of Theorems 1, 1’ and 3

The Lagrangian spheres will come from components of certain real hypersurfaces whose complexification is isotopic to VV.

Let jj be a lattice point of Δ\Delta. We define

ft(j)=∑k≠j|ak|​tv⁡(k)​zk−|aj|​tv⁡(j)​zj.f_{t}^{(j)}=\sum\limits_{k\neq j}|a_{k}|t^{v(k)}z^{k}-|a_{j}|t^{v(j)}z^{j}.

Denote with Vt(j)⊂(ℂ∗)n+1V_{t}^{(j)}\subset(\mathbb{C}^{*})^{n+1} the zero set of ft(j)f_{t}^{(j)} and with ℝ​Vt(j)⊂(ℝ∗)n+1\mathbb{R}V_{t}^{(j)}\subset(\mathbb{R}^{*})^{n+1} its real part. The Viro patchworking theorem [15] (see also [4] for a special case of combinatorial patchworking and [5] for an elementary description in the case of curves) implies that ℝ​Vt(j)∩ℝ+n+1\mathbb{R}V_{t}^{(j)}\cap\mathbb{R}_{+}^{n+1} is diffeomorphic to a sphere SnS^{n}. This sphere Sjn⊂Vt(j)S^{n}_{j}\subset V_{t}^{(j)} is Lagrangian as a component of the real part and it maps under Logt\operatorname{Log}_{t} to 𝒩⊃Π\mathcal{N}\supset\Pi for t>>0t>>0. Furthermore, it realizes in Hn​(Π)H_{n}(\Pi) the class corresponding to jj according to Proposition 1.10.

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Figure 9. Construction of the Lagrangian lift of a base cycle by the real patchworking

By 5.6 Vt(j)V_{t}^{(j)} is smooth. Thus, it is isotopic to VtV_{t} and we have a diffeomorphism h:Vt(j)→Vth:V_{t}^{(j)}\to V_{t}. Moreover, we can choose an isotopy among the hypersurfaces defined by such polynomials that the norm of all monomials is constant in the course of deformation. All such hypersurfaces are smooth and their image under Logt\operatorname{Log}_{t} is contained in 𝒩⊃Π\mathcal{N}\supset\Pi by 5.6. Therefore, the image h⁡(Sjn)h(S^{n}_{j}) projects to the same class in Hn​(Π)H_{n}(\Pi).

By Moser’s trick, hh is isotopic to a symplectomorphism. This gives a Lagrangian sphere in VtV_{t} which projects to the class in Hn​(Π)H_{n}(\Pi) corresponding to jj. Thus the last conclusion of Theorems 1 and 1’ is proved.

Existence of such spheres also implies the first conclusion of Theorems 1 and 1’. The map λ∗\lambda^{*} is injective since we can distinguish the images in Hn​(V,ℤ)H^{n}(V;\mathbb{Z}) by their evaluations on these Lagrangian spheres.

The proof of Theorem 3 is the same since these spheres belong to the toric part ℝ​Vt∘\mathbb{R}{V}^{\circ}_{t} of ℝ​V\mathbb{R}V.

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