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3.4. Kähler metrics on the toric variety [03F7]

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3.4. Kähler metrics on the toric variety

First, we would like to extend the bi-PIKAS potential to ℝd\mathbb{R}^{d} by taking the Legendre transform of Φ^\hat{\Phi}. Namely,

Φ⁡(x)=maxy∈Δν⁡{⟨x,y⟩−Φ^​(y)}.\Phi(x)=\max_{y\in{\Delta_{\nu}}}\{\langle x,y\rangle-\hat{\Phi}(y)\}.

Similarly, we extend Φ^\hat{\Phi} to a function on (ℝd)∗(\mathbb{R}^{d})^{*}. We will abuse the notation Φ,Φ^\Phi,\hat{\Phi} for the extended potentials.

Φ\Phi is a C1C^{1}-function, smooth when restricted to any strata of Δλ∨\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda}. Its Hessian Hess⁡Φ\operatorname{Hess}\Phi is continuous at ∂𝒰\partial\mathcal{U}, but blows off at ∂𝒱\partial\mathcal{V}. And something drastic happens at the discriminant D=∂𝒰∩∂𝒱D=\partial\mathcal{U}\cap\partial\mathcal{V}.

Next we regularize the C1C^{1}-potential Φ\Phi to get a smooth convex function on ℝd\mathbb{R}^{d} which we will use later on to define a Kähler potential on the toric variety XTX_{T}. Let ρ\rho be a mollifier with support in −Δ∨-\Delta^{\vee}. We define Φhsm:=ρh∗Φ.\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}_{h}:=\rho_{h}\ast\Phi.

Remark.

The constructed vector field, foliation, potential, etc., depend on the pair (λ,ν)(\lambda,\nu), as well as on the regularization parameters h,h∨h,h^{\vee}. But to simplify the notations for 𝔛,ℱ,Φ,Φsm\mathfrak{X},\mathcal{F},\Phi,\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}} we will often leave only those indices which are important in a current consideration and omit the rest when there is no confusion possible.

Before constructing a Kähler potential on the toric variety XTX_{T} we need another technical statement.

Lemma 3.3.

For τ∈T\tau\in T, the τ\tau-slope of Φhsm\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}_{h} is equal to the τ\tau-slope of −ν|τ-\nu|_{\tau} in some translation R≥τR_{\geq\tau} of ∪τ′≥τcone(τ′)\cup_{\tau^{\prime}\geq\tau}\operatorname{cone}(\tau^{\prime}).

Proof.

Consider h=0h=0 first. For a simplex τ∈T\tau\in T, let FτF_{\tau} be the corresponding face of Δν{\Delta_{\nu}}, and we set Rτ:=ϕ​ϕ^−1​(Fτ)+cone⁡(τ)R_{\tau}:=\phi\hat{\phi}^{-1}(F_{\tau})+\operatorname{cone}(\tau). Then the set ∪τ′≥τRτ′\cup_{\tau^{\prime}\geq\tau}R_{\tau^{\prime}} contains some translation R≥τR_{\geq\tau} of ∪τ′≥τcone(τ′)\cup_{\tau^{\prime}\geq\tau}\operatorname{cone}(\tau^{\prime}).

On the other hand, Φ\Phi is the Legendre transform of Φ^|Δν\hat{\Phi}|_{\Delta_{\nu}}. Hence, if ∇Φ​(x)=y\nabla\Phi(x)=y and rr is in the normal cone to Δν{\Delta_{\nu}} at y∈Δνy\in{\Delta_{\nu}}, then ∇Φ​(x+r)=∇Φ​(x)=y\nabla\Phi(x+r)=\nabla\Phi(x)=y. So we see that for x∈Rτx\in R_{\tau} the gradient ∇Φ​(x)\nabla\Phi(x) takes values in the face FτF_{\tau} of Δν{\Delta_{\nu}} because xx. In particular, the τ\tau-slopes of Φ\Phi are equal to −ν|τ-\nu|_{\tau}.

For h>0h>0 the statement of the lemma follows from the case h=0h=0 and the Proposition 3.1. The translated cones R≥τR_{\geq\tau} become shifted into their interiors by some vectors of size hh. ∎

Now we can use Φsm=Φhsm\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}=\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}_{h} with any h>0h>0 to define a Kähler potential on XTX_{T}. For an element z={z1,…,zd}∈ℂ\{0}dz=\{z_{1},\dots,z_{d}\}\in\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\}^{d} we will use the notations

log|z|:={log|z1|,…,log|zd|}∈ℝd,Arg(z):=12​π{arg(z1),…,arg(zd)}∈𝕋.\log|z|:=\{\log|z_{1}|,\dots,\log|z_{d}|\}\in\mathbb{R}^{d},\quad\operatorname{Arg}(z):=\frac{1}{2\pi}\{\arg(z_{1}),\dots,\arg(z_{d})\}\in\mathbb{T}.
Proposition 3.4.

The (1,1)(1,1)-form defined on (ℂ\{0})d(\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\})^{d} by

η:=−12​π​∂∂¯​Φsm​(log⁡|z|)\eta:=\frac{\sqrt{-1}}{2\pi}\partial\bar{\partial}\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}\left(\log|z|\right)

extends to a smooth (in the orbifold sense) non-negative definite (1,1)(1,1)-form on XTX_{T} in the cohomology class [η]=[ν][\eta]=[\nu].

Proof.

First, we rewrite the form η\eta on (ℂ\{0})d(\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\})^{d} as

η=−12​π​∂∂¯​Φsm​(log⁡|z|)=⟨d⁡(∇Φsm​(log⁡|z|))∧d​Arg⁡(z)⟩,\eta=\frac{\sqrt{-1}}{2\pi}\partial\bar{\partial}\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}\left(\log|z|\right)=\left\langle d\left(\nabla\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}\left(\log|z|\right)\right)\wedge d\operatorname{Arg}(z)\right\rangle,

where ”⟨∧⟩\langle\ \wedge\ \rangle” means also the ⟨,⟩\langle\ ,\ \rangle-pairing between the (ℝd)∗(\mathbb{R}^{d})^{*}-valued gradient ∇Φsm\nabla\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}} and the ℝd\mathbb{R}^{d}-valued 1-form d​Arg⁡(z)d\operatorname{Arg}(z).

For a simplex τ∈T\tau\in T we want to show that η\eta extends to the toric subvariety ZτZ_{\tau} associated to τ\tau. If XTX_{T} is smooth, then in a neighborhood of ZτZ_{\tau} we can choose the coordinates similar to those from [HZ02, Lemma 3.9]. That is, we choose a basis {ei}\{e_{i}\} such that

⟨ei,wj⟩=−δi​j,i=1,…,dimτ+1 and ⟨ei,τ⟩=0,i=dimτ+2,…,d.\langle e_{i},w_{j}\rangle=-\delta_{ij},i=1,\dots,\dim\tau+1\text{ and }\langle e_{i},\tau\rangle=0,i=\dim\tau+2,\dots,d.

Then, in the coordinates yi=zeiy_{i}=z^{e_{i}} the equations for the subvariety Zτ⊂XTZ_{\tau}\subset X_{T} are yi=0,i=1,…,dimτ+1y_{i}=0,i=1,\dots,\dim\tau+1.

According to the theory of toric varieties (cf., e.g. [Ful93]) a neighborhood of the toric subvariety ZτZ_{\tau} lies in the closure of log−1⁡(R≥τ)\log^{-1}(R_{\geq\tau}), where R≥τR_{\geq\tau} is any translation of the cone ∪τ′≥τcone(τ′)\cup_{\tau^{\prime}\geq\tau}\operatorname{cone}(\tau^{\prime}). But by the Lemma 3.3 the directional derivatives ⟨∇Φsm,wi⟩\langle\nabla\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}},w_{i}\rangle, wi∈τw_{i}\in\tau, are constant in some translation R≥τR_{\geq\tau} of ∪τ′≥τcone(τ′)\cup_{\tau^{\prime}\geq\tau}\operatorname{cone}(\tau^{\prime}). Hence, in a neighborhood of ZτZ_{\tau} the form ηa\eta_{a} written in the above coordinates is independent of yi,i=1,…,dimτ+1y_{i},i=1,\dots,\dim\tau+1, and, thus, can be extended to ZτZ_{\tau}.

In case when XTX_{T} is an orbifold we may not be able to choose an integral basis {ei}\{e_{i}\} with the above conditions. This corresponds to the fact that we may need to go to a finite cover to get a smooth form by weakening the first set of conditions to be ⟨ei,τ⟩∈ℤ\langle e_{i},\tau\rangle\in\mathbb{Z}. But the rest of the argument goes through.

Finally, the cohomology class of a 𝕋\mathbb{T}-invariant (1,1)(1,1)-form on a complete toric variety is determined by the image of its moment map. But the moment map for η\eta is given on (ℂ\{0})d(\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\})^{d} by

μ⁡(z)=∇Φsm​(log⁡|z|),\mu(z)=\nabla\Phi^{\mathrm{sm}}\left(\log|z|\right),

whose extension to the whole toric variety XTX_{T} has the image Δν{\Delta_{\nu}}. Hence the class of η\eta is [ν][\nu]. ∎

Finally we can add to η\eta a (small) positive multiple of a Kähler (e.g., Fubini-Study) form ω0\omega_{0}. Thus we get a true Kähler form ω=η+ϵ​ω0\omega=\eta+\epsilon\omega_{0} on XTX_{T} in the class OPEN[ν]+ϵ⁡[ω0])[\nu]+\epsilon[\omega_{0}]).

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