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4.1. An embedding of Z a sm into the model torus bundle [03FE]

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4.1. An embedding of ZasmZ_{a}^{\mathrm{sm}} into the model torus bundle

In [HZ02] we have used the GKZ machinery [GKZ94] for the monomial estimates in the equation of ZaZ_{a} to establish an embedding of ZasmZ_{a}^{\mathrm{sm}} into Wa:=W⁡(log⁡|a|,Arg⁡(a))W_{a}:=W(\log|a|,\operatorname{Arg}(a)). The same estimates can be used to find bounds on the discrepancy of this embedding from being holomorphic and isometric. Establishing these bounds will occupy the rest of the section.

To define the fibration we assume that λ=log⁡|a|\lambda=\log|a| is sufficiently far in the interior of SC⁡(S)\operatorname{SC}(S), so that c:=log⁡|Δℤ|c:=\log|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}| is small in the λ\lambda-scale.

Lemma 4.1.

The amoeba 𝒜λ=log⁡(Zaaff)\mathcal{A}^{\lambda}=\log(Z_{a}^{\operatorname{af{}f}}) lies outside of Δλ−c∨\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c}. In particular, the foliation ℱλ−c,ν,h\mathcal{F}_{\lambda-c,\nu,h} of ℝd\Δλ−c∨\mathbb{R}^{d}\backslash\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c} induces the fibration 𝒜λ→∂Δλ−c∨\mathcal{A}^{\lambda}\to\partial\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c} by projection along the leaves.

Proof.

Note that for any m∈Δℤ\{0}m\in\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}\backslash\{0\}, if ⟨m,log⁡|z|⟩+log|a|≤−log⁡|Δℤ|\langle m,\log|z|\rangle+\log|a|\leq-\log|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}|, then |am​zm|≤1|Δℤ||a_{m}z^{m}|\leq\frac{1}{|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}|}. Hence the equation ∑m∈Δℤ\{0}am​zm=1\sum_{m\in\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}\backslash\{0\}}a_{m}z^{m}=1 cannot have solutions for x∈log−1⁡(Δλ−c∨)x\in\log^{-1}(\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c}). ∎

From now on we will use the (λ−c,ν)(\lambda-c,\nu) bi-PIKAS to identify Σ\Sigma with ∂Δλ−c∨\partial\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c} and fix the vector field and the foliation in ℝd\Δλ−c∨\mathbb{R}^{d}\backslash\Delta^{\vee}_{\lambda-c}. With this identification, given a subset U∈ΣU\in\Sigma we denote by X⁡(U)X(U) the closure of the set log−1(∪q∈Uℱq)\log^{-1}(\cup_{q\in U}\mathcal{F}_{q}) in the toric variety XTX_{T} (cf. [HZ02]). Then the smooth part ZasmZ_{a}^{\mathrm{sm}} of the hypersurface is defined as:

Zasm:=Za∩X⁡(Σ\Nλ−c,νβ,β∨​(D)).Z_{a}^{\mathrm{sm}}:=Z_{a}\cap X(\Sigma\backslash N_{\lambda-c,\nu}^{\beta,\beta^{\vee}}(D)).

We define the map ψ\psi over the charts Vwβ∨V_{w}^{\beta^{\vee}} as the restriction to ZaZ_{a} of the quotient map:

z↦(log⁡|z|/w,Arg⁡(z)/w)∈(ℝd/w,𝕋/w).z\mapsto(\log|z|/w,\operatorname{Arg}(z)/w)\in(\mathbb{R}^{d}/w,\mathbb{T}/w).

Note that if xx is in a boundary toric divisor Zw,w∈vert⁡(T)Z_{w},w\in\operatorname{vert}(T), then log⁡|z|\log|z| and Arg⁡(z)\operatorname{Arg}(z) are not well defined, but log⁡|z|/w\log|z|/w and Arg⁡(z)/w\operatorname{Arg}(z)/w are. Hence, the map ψ\psi is well defined over X⁡(Vwβ∨)X(V_{w}^{\beta^{\vee}}). The meaning of this map is the choice of local coordinates for ZaZ_{a} near zz (cf. [HZ02, Lemma 3.9]). Hence it is holomorphic.

Before defining the map over the charts UvβU_{v}^{\beta} let us first make some estimates in the spirit of Lemma 4.1. For an element θ∈ℝ/ℤ\theta\in\mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z} we will write |θ|<c|\theta|<c if the (standard Euclidean) distance from θ\theta to 0 is less than cc. This inequality is vacuous for c≥1/2c\geq 1/2.

Lemma 4.2.

If a point xx of ZaZ_{a} lies in X⁡(Uvβ)X(U_{v}^{\beta}), then

|⟨v,log⁡|z|⟩+λ⁡(v)|≤C⁡(β)​e−β\displaystyle|\langle v,\log|z|\rangle+\lambda(v)|\leq C(\beta)e^{-\beta}
|⟨v,Arg⁡(z)⟩+θv|≤C⁡(β)​e−β,\displaystyle|\langle v,\operatorname{Arg}(z)\rangle+\theta_{v}|\leq C(\beta)e^{-\beta},

where C⁡(β)→log⁡|Δℤ|C(\beta)\to\log|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}| as β→∞\beta\to\infty.

Proof.

First of all note that since X⁡(Uvβ)∩Za⊂(ℂ\{0})dX(U_{v}^{\beta})\cap Z_{a}\subset(\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\})^{d}, both log⁡|z|\log|z| and Arg⁡(z)\operatorname{Arg}(z) are well defined. Also by (2) of Lemma 3.2 the values of the vector field 𝔛\mathfrak{X} are in (carrier⁡v)∨(\operatorname{carrier}v)^{\vee}. Hence, for any q∈Uvβ{q\in U_{v}^{\beta}} the ray ℱq\mathcal{F}_{q} is in Q(v|{0})λ​(β)Q^{\lambda}_{(v|\{0\})}(\beta) and the standard estimates on values of the monomials at z∈log−1⁡(Q(v|{0})λ​(β))z\in\log^{-1}(Q^{\lambda}_{(v|\{0\})}(\beta)) apply:

|amzm|≤e−β|avzv|, all m≠v,{0}.|a_{m}z^{m}|\leq e^{-\beta}|a_{v}z^{v}|,\text{ all }m\neq v,\{0\}.

Or putting them all together we have

|1av​zv​∑m≠v,{0}am​zm|≤|Δℤ|​e−β.\displaystyle\left|\frac{1}{a_{v}z^{v}}\sum_{m\neq v,\{0\}}a_{m}z^{m}\right|\leq|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}|e^{-\beta}.

Hence,

|log⁡(1+1av​zv​∑m≠v,{0}am​zm)|≤C′​(β)⋅|Δℤ|​e−β,\displaystyle\left|\log\left(1+\frac{1}{a_{v}z^{v}}\sum_{m\neq v,\{0\}}a_{m}z^{m}\right)\right|\leq C^{\prime}(\beta)\cdot|\Delta_{\mathbb{Z}}|e^{-\beta},

where C′​(β)→1C^{\prime}(\beta)\to 1 as β→∞\beta\to\infty. Writing the equation of ZaZ_{a} in X⁡(Uvβ)X(U_{v}^{\beta}) as

av​zv​(1+1av​zv​∑m≠v,{0}am​zm)=1a_{v}z^{v}\left(1+\frac{1}{a_{v}z^{v}}\sum_{m\neq v,\{0\}}a_{m}z^{m}\right)=1

or, equivalently,

log⁡(av​zv)=−log⁡(1+1av​zv​∑m≠v,{0}am​zm)\log(a_{v}z^{v})=-\log\left(1+\frac{1}{a_{v}z^{v}}\sum_{m\neq v,\{0\}}a_{m}z^{m}\right)

will give the claimed estimates. ∎

Now, identifying the tangent spaces of the torus fibers 𝕋x=log−1⁡(x)\mathbb{T}_{x}=\log^{-1}(x) with ℝd\mathbb{R}^{d}, we can pull back the vector field 𝔛⁡(x)\mathfrak{X}(x) to get a (constant) vector field on 𝕋x\mathbb{T}_{x}. Then the map ψ\psi for the points in X⁡(Uvβ)∩Za⊂(ℂ\{0})dX(U_{v}^{\beta})\cap Z_{a}\subset(\mathbb{C}\backslash\{0\})^{d} will be defined as:

ψ⁡(z):=(log|z|−(⟨v,log|z|⟩+λ(v))𝔛(log|z|),Arg(z)−(⟨v,Arg(z)⟩+θv)𝔛(log|z|))∈(ℝdv(λ(v),𝕋v(θv)).\begin{split}\psi(z):=&\bigl(\log|z|-(\langle v,\log|z|\rangle+\lambda(v))\mathfrak{X}(\log|z|),\\ &\operatorname{Arg}(z)-(\langle v,\operatorname{Arg}(z)\rangle+\theta_{v})\mathfrak{X}(\log|z|)\bigr)\in\bigl(\mathbb{R}^{d}_{v}(\lambda(v),\mathbb{T}_{v}(\theta_{v})\bigr).\end{split}

Here if β\beta is large enough, i.e. C⁡(β)​e−β<12C(\beta)e^{-\beta}<\frac{1}{2}, then according to the Lemma 4.2 there is a preferred continuous lift of ⟨v,Arg⁡(z)⟩+θv\langle v,\operatorname{Arg}(z)\rangle+\theta_{v} to (the neighborhood of 0 in) ℝ\mathbb{R}. We use this lift to first define the value for (⟨v,Arg⁡(z)⟩+θv)​𝔛(\langle v,\operatorname{Arg}(z)\rangle+\theta_{v})\mathfrak{X} in ℝd\mathbb{R}^{d} and then project it back to 𝕋=ℝd/ℤd\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}^{d}/\mathbb{Z}^{d}.

Since 𝔛q=w\mathfrak{X}_{q}=w for q∈Vwβ∨q\in V_{w}^{\beta^{\vee}} the definition of the map ψ\psi over the charts Vwβ∨V_{w}^{\beta^{\vee}} is consistent with the above definition on possible overlaps Uvβ∩Vwβ∨U_{v}^{\beta}\cap V_{w}^{\beta^{\vee}}. Thus, we have a well defined map ψ:Zasm→Wa\psi:Z_{a}^{\mathrm{sm}}\to W_{a} which is an embedding [HZ02].

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