Let correspond to as usual. We first explain how to associate a class in to each . Let be the local affine coordinate corresponding to for any ; we will only need . We introduce an overparametrisation: let be a function of all , such that agrees with at least on a neighbourhood of , and we assume is smooth. Here are treated as independent variables for , even though on they satisfy various linear constraints.
Consider the class in defined by the affine linear combination of derivatives:
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which depends only on because in
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Notice and are invariant under the change
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where and denote the model functions associated to . Thus the function on is intrinsically associated to .