ScalingStacks

5 Stability [0589]

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5 Stability

Definition 5.1

Take graded Lagrangians (L1,θ1)(L_{1},\theta_{1}) and (L2,θ2)(L_{2},\theta_{2}), hamiltonian isotoped to intersect cleanly, and such that the graded (relative) Lagrangian connect sums (L1​#​L2,θ1​#​θ2)(L_{1}\#L_{2},\theta_{1}\#\theta_{2}) exist as above. Then a Lagrangian LL of Maslov class zero is said to be destabilised by the LiL_{i} if it is hamiltonian isotopic to such an L1​#​L2L_{1}\#L_{2}, and the phases (real numbers, induced by the gradings) satisfy

ϕ⁡(L1)≥ϕ⁡(L2).\phi(L_{1})\geq\phi(L_{2}).

If LL is not destabilised by any such LiL_{i} then it is called stable.

Remarks

∙\bullet

There is an obvious notion of a flux homomorphism for isotopies of smooth Lagrangians, taking a deformation to an element of H1​(L,ℝ)H^{1}(L;\mathbb{R}) (and linearising to give the usual deformation theory of Lagrangians). Namely, take a deformation Φt​(L)\Phi_{t}(L) through a vector field Xt,t∈[0,1]X_{t},\ t\in[0,1] to the one form

∫01(Xt​ ​_∣ω)​𝑑t∈H1​(L,ℝ).\int_{0}^{1}(X_{t}{\mbox{\,}\_\hskip-4.2679pt\shortmid\hskip 1.5pt}\omega)dt\in H^{1}(L;\mathbb{R}).

Alternatively, the homomorphism takes a loop γ⊂L\gamma\subset L, tracing out the 2-cycle f⁡(γ×[0,1])f(\gamma\times[0,1]) in WW under the isotopy, to the real number ∫γ×[0,1]ω\int_{\gamma\times[0,1]}\omega. (See Chapter 10 of [MS] for the analogous map for symplectomorphisms.) If the isotopy Φt\Phi_{t} is hamiltonian, the flux is zero; the converse is also easily proved using the methods of ([MS] Theorem 10.12): we may assume without loss of generality that the 1-form ∫01Xt​ ​_∣ω\int_{0}^{1}X_{t}{\mbox{\,}\_\hskip-4.2679pt\shortmid\hskip 1.5pt}\omega is identically zero in Ω1​(L)\Omega^{1}(L). [To see this, write the 1-form as d​ϕd\phi, and compose the deformation with the time one map of the hamiltonian flow with vector field d​ϕ​ ​_∣ω−1d\phi{\mbox{\,}\_\hskip-4.2679pt\shortmid\hskip 1.5pt}\omega^{-1}; this does not alter the flux in H1​(L,ℝ)H^{1}(L;\mathbb{R}) or the property of being hamiltonian.] Then let Σs\Sigma^{s} be the closed 1-form on LL defined by

Σs=∫0sXt​ ​_∣ω​𝑑t,\Sigma^{s}=\int_{0}^{s}X_{t}{\mbox{\,}\_\hskip-4.2679pt\shortmid\hskip 1.5pt}\omega dt,

and let Ψts\Psi^{s}_{t} be the corresponding flow through time tt. Then the flow ϕt=Ψtt∘Φt\phi_{t}=\Psi^{t}_{t}\circ\Phi_{t} is the corresponding hamiltonian flow from Φ0​(L)\Phi_{0}(L) to Φ1​(L)\Phi_{1}(L); see [MS].

Thus it is not too hard to check if two Lagrangians are hamiltonian deformations of each other, at least through smooth Lagrangians, if we know they are deformations of each other as Lagrangians. This second condition, however, is harder to test, as the results of [S1] demonstrate.

∙\bullet

As mentioned in the last section, holomorphic discs are crucial in both mirror symmetry and Floer cohomology; thus one should perhaps restrict attention in the above definition to those Lagrangians whose Floer cohomology is defined [FO3],

∙\bullet

As pointed out to me by Conan Leung, this definition and the resulting conjecture below may only be reasonable close to the large complex structure limit point where the mirror symmetric arguments used to motivate the conjecture are most valid.

Conjecture 5.2

A Lagrangian of Maslov class zero has a special Lagrangian in its hamiltonian deformation class if and only if it is stable, and this SLag representative is unique.

Again, we have been vague about singularities: which we allow, and what hamiltonian deformation equivalence would mean for them. We might also want to restrict attention to those Lagrangians whose Floer cohomology exists [FO3], and whose Oh spectral sequence H∗​(L)⇒H​F∗​(L,L)H^{*}(L)\Rightarrow HF^{*}(L,L) [Oh] degenerates; this will be discussed more in [TY]. We might also want to restrict to Lagrangians whose phase function varies only by a certain bounded amount; in the example worked out in [TY] this is required. In [TY] it is shown there that the gradient of the norm-squared |m|2|m|^{2} of the moment map can be taken to be the mean curvature vector of the Lagrangian, so mean curvature flow (which is hamiltonian for Maslov class zero) should converge to this SLag representative if the Lagrangian is stable and the phase satisfies certain bounds.

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