3.9 A Thomas–Yau type conjecture [03PT]
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3.9 A Thomas–Yau type conjecture
Finally we state our second main conjecture, about the programme of §3.2, which summarizes the discussion of §3.2–§3.7. We call it a ‘Thomas–Yau type conjecture’, as it aims to update the conjectures of Thomas and Yau [69, 70].
Our focus here is mostly on the unique long-time existence of immersed Lagrangian MCF with surgeries, although proving the conjecture would go some way to proving Conjecture 3.2 on Bridgeland stability conditions. To simplify the possible finite time singularities, we take generic in its Hamiltonian isotopy class. To minimize the singular Lagrangians to be included in , we do not require or to be objects in .
Conjecture 3.34.
Let be a Calabi–Yau -fold, either compact or suitably convex at infinity, and an enlarged version of the derived Fukaya category of Lagrangian branes in from [20], including classes of immersed or singular Lagrangians, depending on the dimension :
- (i)
When can be the usual derived Fukaya category of nonsingular, embedded Lagrangian branes.
- (ii)
- (iii)
When must also include singular Lagrangians with stable special Lagrangian singularities, as in §3.6. When these include Lagrangians with isolated conical singularities in the sense of [32, 33, 34, 35, 36] modelled on the special Lagrangian -cone from (2.4), and this may be the only kind of stable singularity when . When stable singularities may be more complicated, and need not be isolated.
Let be a Lagrangian brane in with unobstructed, and suppose is generic in its Hamiltonian isotopy class. Let be a bounding cochain for . Then there is a unique family satisfying:
- (a)
.
- (b)
There is a finite series of singular times such that if then is an object in isomorphic to with a (possibly immersed or singular) compact, graded Lagrangian in with unobstructed.
- (c)
- (d)
At each singular time the flow undergoes a surgery, which may involve a finite time singularity of Lagrangian MCF, and a change in the topology of . The kinds of surgery allowed include ‘opening a neck’ as in §3.4 when ‘neck pinches’ as in §3.5 when transitions to and from Lagrangians with ‘stable special Lagrangian singularities’ as in §3.6 when and ‘collapsing zero objects’ as in §3.7 for (the latter is excluded for almost calibrated Lagrangians).
We do not require to be an object in as the singularities of may be too bad, and if so, is meaningless.
- (e)
The family is continuous as graded Lagrangian integral currents in in Geometric Measure Theory.
In graded Lagrangian integral currents, we have for some where for is a nonzero, compactly-supported, graded, special Lagrangian integral current with phase and grading with .
For the Bridgeland stability condition on discussed in Conjecture 3.2, if then and otherwise for any .
Remark 3.35.
(i) The most feasible case of the conjecture is that of Lagrangian MCF in dimension , starting from an almost calibrated Lagrangian generic in its Hamiltonian isotopy class.
(ii) Assuming the initial object is semistable or stable in the sense of Conjectures 3.2 and 3.5 means in part (e) that the limit is only one (singular) special Lagrangian, rather than a finite union of special Lagrangians with different phases, but otherwise it does not simplify things: we still expect nontrivial finite time singularities, and surgeries.
(iii) It is an interesting question whether there are useful extra assumptions on which limit the kinds of singularities occurring at the singular times For example, if is generic in its Hamiltonian isotopy class then only singularities of ‘index zero’ appear, as in Remark 3.8(iii), and if is almost calibrated, then as in §3.7 ‘collapsing zero objects’ cannot happen. Thomas and Yau give conditions [70, (7.1) or (7.2)] preventing ‘neck pinches’ in §3.5 dividing into two pieces from happening, although I expect other singularities can.
There are some very special situations in which Lagrangian MCF is known to exist for all time without singularities, such as the Lagrangian -graphs in studied by Smoczyk and Wang [68], or Lagrangian MCF starting from a small perturbation of a smooth special Lagrangian. But apart from these, I do not know of any useful, nontrivial conditions on under which I expect the flow to exist for all time without singularities, as hoped for in [70, Conj. 7.3].