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Lemma 3.2.
For any , small in the -scale, the vector field
induces a (straight line/ray) foliation of
, smooth over , such that
- (1)
for .
- (2)
The value of is in
for . In particular, in
.
- (3)
For any ,
,
where is a constant independent of and , and the
gradient and the metric are taken in affine coordinates.