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4. C 1 , 1 bound of the Kähler potential in terms of its W 2 , p bound [0213]

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4. C1,1C^{1,1} bound of the Kähler potential in terms of its W2,pW^{2,p} bound

In this section, we want to prove

Theorem 4.1.

There exists a constant C4C_{4}, depending only on ‖φ‖0||\varphi||_{0}, ‖F‖0||F||_{0}, the absolute and first derivative bound of the Ricci form, and also the Soboloev constant of the background metric gg, such that n+Δ​φ≤C4n+\Delta\varphi\leq C_{4}.

In view of Theorem 2.1, we have the following immediate consequence:

Corollary 4.1.

There exists a constant C4.1C_{4.1}, depending only on ‖φ‖0||\varphi||_{0}, ‖∇φ‖0||\nabla\varphi||_{0}, the background metric gg(described as in Theorem 4.1), such that n+Δ​φ≤C4.1n+\Delta\varphi\leq C_{4.1}.

With this assumption, we know from Corollary 3.2 that for any p>0p>0, there exists constants CpC_{p}, depending on ‖φ‖0||\varphi||_{0}, ‖F‖0||F||_{0}, and the background metric gg, such that

(4.1) ‖n+Δ​φ‖Lp​(M)≤C~​(p).||n+\Delta\varphi||_{L^{p}(M)}\leq\tilde{C}(p).

Hence it suffices to prove the following statement:

Proposition 4.2.

Let (φ,F)(\varphi,F) be a smooth solution to cscK, then there exists pn>0p_{n}>0, depending only on nn, such that

(4.2) maxM⁡|∇φF|φ+maxM⁡(n+Δ​φ)≤C4.2.\max_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}+\max_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)\leq C_{4.2}.

Here C4C_{4} depends only on ‖F‖0||F||_{0}, ‖n+Δ​φ‖Lpn​(M)||n+\Delta\varphi||_{L^{p_{n}}(M)}, and metric gg(in the way described in Theorem 4.1).

Remark 4.3.

From the argument below, one can explicitly get an upper bound for

pn≤(3​n−3)​(4​n+1).p_{n}\leq(3n-3)(4n+1).

This upper bound is probably not sharp.

Proof.

Let us first calculate Δφ​(|∇φf|φ2)\Delta_{\varphi}(|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}) for any smooth function ff in M.M.\; First we do the calculation under an orthonormal frame gφg_{\varphi}.

Δφ​|∇φf|2=(fifi¯),jj¯=f,ijj¯fi¯+fif,i¯jj¯+|f,ij|φ2+|f,ij¯|φ2=f,jij¯fi¯+fif,ji¯j¯+|f,ij|φ2+|f,ij¯|φ2=(Δφf)ifi¯+fi(Δφf)i¯+Ricφ,i​j¯fjfi¯+|f,ij|φ2+|f,ij¯|φ2.\begin{array}[]{lcl}\Delta_{\varphi}|\nabla_{\varphi}f|^{2}&=&(f_{i}f_{\bar{i}})_{,j\bar{j}}\\ &=&f_{,ij\bar{j}}f_{\bar{i}}+f_{i}f_{,\bar{i}j\bar{j}}+|f_{,ij}|_{\varphi}^{2}+|f_{,i\bar{j}}|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &=&f_{,ji\bar{j}}f_{\bar{i}}+f_{i}f_{,j\bar{i}\bar{j}}+|f_{,ij}|_{\varphi}^{2}+|f_{,i\bar{j}}|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &=&(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{i}f_{\bar{i}}+f_{i}(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{\bar{i}}+Ric_{\varphi,i\bar{j}}f_{j}f_{\bar{i}}+|f_{,ij}|_{\varphi}^{2}+|f_{,i\bar{j}}|_{\varphi}^{2}.\end{array}

In the above, f,ij⋯f_{,ij\cdots} denote covariant derivatives under the metric gφg_{\varphi}. Let B⁡(λ):ℝ→ℝB(\lambda):\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R} be a smooth function, now we calculate Δφ​(eB⁡(f)​|∇φf|φ2)\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{B(f)}|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}).

(4.3) e−B⁡(f)⋅Δφ​(eB⁡(f)​|∇φf|φ2)=Δφ​(|∇φf|φ2)+B′​(fi​(|∇φf|φ2)i¯+fi¯​(|∇φf|φ2)i)+((B′2+B′′)​|∇φf|2+B′​Δφ​f)​|∇φf|φ2=(Δφf)ifi¯+fi(Δφf)i¯+Ricφ,i​j¯fjfi¯+|f,ij|φ2+|f,ij¯|φ2+B′(fifjf,j¯i¯+fif,ji¯fj¯+fi¯fjf,j¯i+fi¯f,jifj¯)+((B′2+B′′)​|∇φf|φ2+B′​Δφ​f)​|∇φf|φ2≥(Δφf)ifi¯+fi(Δφf)i¯+Ricφ,i​j¯fjfi¯+|f,ij¯|φ2+B′(fif,ji¯fj¯+fi¯fjf,j¯i)+(B′′|∇φf|φ2+B′Δφf)|∇φf|φ2.\begin{split}&e^{-B(f)}\cdot\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{B(f)}|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2})\\ &=\Delta_{\varphi}(|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2})+B^{\prime}(f_{i}(|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2})_{\bar{i}}+f_{\bar{i}}(|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2})_{i})\\ &\quad\quad\quad\quad+\left((B^{\prime 2}+B^{\prime\prime})|\nabla_{\varphi}f|^{2}+B^{\prime}\Delta_{\varphi}f\right)|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &=(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{i}f_{\bar{i}}+f_{i}(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{\bar{i}}+Ric_{\varphi,i\bar{j}}f_{j}f_{\bar{i}}+|f_{,ij}|_{\varphi}^{2}+|f_{,i\bar{j}}|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &+B^{\prime}\left(f_{i}f_{j}f_{,\bar{j}\bar{i}}+f_{i}f_{,j\bar{i}}f_{\bar{j}}+f_{\bar{i}}f_{j}f_{,\bar{j}i}+f_{\bar{i}}f_{,ji}f_{\bar{j}}\right)\\ &\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad+\left((B^{\prime 2}+B^{\prime\prime})|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}+B^{\prime}\Delta_{\varphi}f\right)|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &\geq(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{i}f_{\bar{i}}+f_{i}(\Delta_{\varphi}f)_{\bar{i}}+Ric_{\varphi,i\bar{j}}f_{j}f_{\bar{i}}+|f_{,i\bar{j}}|_{\varphi}^{2}\\ &+B^{\prime}\left(f_{i}f_{,j\bar{i}}f_{\bar{j}}+f_{\bar{i}}f_{j}f_{,\bar{j}i}\right)+\left(B^{\prime\prime}|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}+B^{\prime}\Delta_{\varphi}f\right)|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{2}.\end{split}

In the inequality above, we noticed and dropped the following complete square:

B′2|∇φf|φ4+B′fifjf,j¯i¯+B′fi¯fj¯f,ij+|f,ij|φ2=|f,ij+B′fifj|φ2.B^{\prime 2}|\nabla_{\varphi}f|_{\varphi}^{4}+B^{\prime}f_{i}f_{j}f_{,\bar{j}\bar{i}}+B^{\prime}f_{\bar{i}}f_{\bar{j}}f_{,ij}+|f_{,ij}|_{\varphi}^{2}=|f_{,ij}+B^{\prime}f_{i}f_{j}|_{\varphi}^{2}.

We apply above calculation to FF. Notice that

R​i​cφ,i​j¯=Ri​j¯−Fi​j¯.Ric_{\varphi,i\bar{j}}=R_{i\bar{j}}-F_{i\bar{j}}.

Set B′=12,B^{\prime}={1\over 2},\;and we switch to normal coordinate of gg (c.f. (2.1)), then we have

(4.4) e−F2Δφ(eF2|∇φF|2)≥(Δφ​F)i​Fi¯+(Δφ​F)i¯​Fi1+φi​i¯+Rj​i¯​Fi​Fj¯(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)+|Fi​α¯|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯)+12​Δφ​F​|∇φF|φ2.\begin{split}e^{-{F\over 2}}\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{F\over 2}|&\nabla_{\varphi}F|^{2})\geq{{(\Delta_{\varphi}F)_{i}F_{\bar{i}}+(\Delta_{\varphi}F)_{\bar{i}}F_{i}}\over{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}}+\frac{R_{j\bar{i}}F_{i}F_{\bar{j}}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}\\ &\qquad\qquad+\frac{|F_{i\bar{\alpha}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})}+{1\over 2}\Delta_{\varphi}F|\nabla_{\varphi}F|^{2}_{\varphi}.\end{split}

Next we wish to use the equation satisfied by FF:

Δφ​F=−R¯+t​rφ​R​i​c.\Delta_{\varphi}F=-\underline{R}+tr_{\varphi}Ric.

Take derivative with respect to ziz_{i} on both sides, we obtain:

(Δφ​F)i=−gφk​p¯​gφ,p¯​q​i​gφq​l¯​Rk​l¯+gφk​l¯​Rk​l¯,i=−φk¯​l​i​Rk​l¯(1+φk​k¯)​(1+φl​l¯)+Rk​k¯,i1+φk​k¯.\begin{array}[]{lcl}(\Delta_{\varphi}F)_{i}&=&-g_{\varphi}^{k\bar{p}}g_{\varphi,\bar{p}qi}g_{\varphi}^{q\bar{l}}R_{k\bar{l}}+g_{\varphi}^{k\bar{l}}R_{k\bar{l},i}\\ &=&-{{\varphi_{\bar{k}li}R_{k\bar{l}}}\over{(1+\varphi_{k\bar{k}})(1+\varphi_{l\bar{l}})}}+{R_{k\bar{k},i}\over{1+\varphi_{k\bar{k}}}}.\end{array}

Plugging this into equation (4.4), we have

(4.5) e−F2Δφ(eF2|∇φF|2)≥−Fi¯​φβ​α¯​i​Rα​β¯+Fi​φβ​α¯​i¯​Rα​β¯(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+Fi¯​Rα​α¯,i+Fi​Rα​α¯,i¯(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φi​i¯)+Rj​i¯​Fi​Fj¯(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)+|Fi​α¯|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯)+12​(−R¯+Ri​i¯1+φi​i¯)​|∇φF|φ2.\begin{split}e^{-{F\over 2}}\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{F\over 2}|&\nabla_{\varphi}F|^{2})\geq-\frac{F_{\bar{i}}\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}R_{\alpha\bar{\beta}}+F_{i}\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}\bar{i}}R_{\alpha\bar{\beta}}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+\frac{F_{\bar{i}}R_{\alpha\bar{\alpha},i}+F_{i}R_{\alpha\bar{\alpha},\bar{i}}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})}\\ &+\frac{R_{j\bar{i}}F_{i}F_{\bar{j}}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}+\frac{|F_{i\bar{\alpha}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})}+{1\over 2}(-\underline{R}+\frac{R_{i\bar{i}}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}})|\nabla_{\varphi}F|^{2}_{\varphi}.\end{split}

In the above, φβ​α¯​i\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}, Rα​α¯,iR_{\alpha\bar{\alpha},i} etc are just usual derivatives taken under the coordinate as specified above. Notice that there will be no more terms like Fj​i¯​Fi​Fj¯(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)\frac{F_{j\bar{i}}F_{i}F_{\bar{j}}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}, because the choice B′≡12B^{\prime}\equiv\frac{1}{2} makes such terms exactly cancel out. Now we proceed further from (4.5). As preparation, we observe that for any 1≤i≤n1\leq i\leq n:

(4.6) 11+φi​i¯=e−F​Πj≠i​(1+φj​j¯)≤e−F​(n+Δ​φ)n−1.\frac{1}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}=e^{-F}\Pi_{j\neq i}(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})\leq e^{-F}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{n-1}.

First we can estimate as follows, with various constants CiC_{i} depending only on nn, ‖F‖0||F||_{0}, and the curvature bound of the original metric gg.

(4.7) |12​eF2​(−R¯+Ri​i¯1+φi​i¯)|≤C4.3​(1+∑i11+φi​i¯)≤C4.3​(1+n​e−F​(n+Δ​φ)n−1).|{1\over 2}e^{{F\over 2}}(-\underline{R}+\frac{R_{i\bar{i}}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}})|\leq C_{4.3}(1+\sum_{i}\frac{1}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}})\leq C_{4.3}(1+ne^{-F}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{n-1}).
(4.8) |Fi¯​φβ​α¯​i​Rα​β¯|(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)≤12​|φβ​α¯​i|2​|Rα​β¯|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+12​|Fi¯|2(1+φi​i¯)2​(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)≤C4.4​|φβ​α¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+C4.4​|Fi|21+φi​i¯​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3.\begin{split}\frac{|F_{\bar{i}}\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}R_{\alpha\bar{\beta}}|}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}&\leq\frac{1}{2}\frac{|\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}|^{2}|R_{\alpha\bar{\beta}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{|F_{\bar{i}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{2}(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}\\ &\leq C_{4.4}\frac{|\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+\frac{C_{4.4}|F_{i}|^{2}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}.\end{split}

In the second line of above estimate, we used (4.6) to estimate the extra powers of 11+φα​α¯\frac{1}{1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}}}. The conjugate term will satisfy the same estimate as above.

(4.9) |Fi¯​Rα​α¯,i(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φi​i¯)|≤12​|Fi¯|2​|Rα​α¯,i|21+φi​i¯+12​1(1+φα​α¯)2​(1+φi​i¯)≤C4.5​|Fi|21+φi​i¯+C4.5​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3.\begin{split}|\frac{F_{\bar{i}}R_{\alpha\bar{\alpha},i}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})}|&\leq\frac{1}{2}\frac{|F_{\bar{i}}|^{2}|R_{\alpha\bar{\alpha},i}|^{2}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})^{2}(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})}\\ &\leq C_{4.5}\frac{|F_{i}|^{2}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}+C_{4.5}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}.\end{split}

Finally

(4.10) |Rj​i¯​Fi​Fj¯(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)|≤12​|Rj​i¯|2​|Fi|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)+12​|Rj​i¯|2​|Fj¯|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φj​j¯)≤C4.6​|Fi|21+φi​i¯​(n+Δ​φ)n−1.\begin{split}|\frac{R_{j\bar{i}}F_{i}F_{\bar{j}}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}|&\leq\frac{1}{2}\frac{|R_{j\bar{i}}|^{2}|F_{i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{|R_{j\bar{i}}|^{2}|F_{\bar{j}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{j\bar{j}})}\\ &\leq C_{4.6}\frac{|F_{i}|^{2}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{n-1}.\end{split}

Now combining the estimates in (4.7), (4.8), (4.9), (4.10), we obtain from (4.5):

(4.11) Δφ​(e12​F​|∇φF|φ2)≥−C4.7​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​|∇φF|φ2−C4.7​|φβ​α¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)−C4.7​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3+1C4.7​|Fi​α¯|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯).\begin{split}\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2})&\geq-C_{4.7}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}-C_{4.7}\frac{|\varphi_{\beta\bar{\alpha}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}\\ &-C_{4.7}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}+\frac{1}{C_{4.7}}\frac{|F_{i\bar{\alpha}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})}.\end{split}

Note that n+Δ​φ≥n​eFnn+\Delta\varphi\geq ne^{\frac{F}{n}}, hence has a positive uniform lower bound since FF is bounded from below. Here C4.7C_{4.7} is some constant depending only on nn, ‖F‖0||F||_{0}, and the curvature bound of the original metric gg. In order to handle the second term on the right hand side, we need to consider Δφ​(n+Δ​φ)\Delta_{\varphi}(n+\Delta\varphi). For this we can recall our calculation in (3.6):

(4.12) Δφ​(n+Δ​φ)=Ri​i¯​α​α¯​(1+φi​i¯)1+φα​α¯+|φα​β¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+Fi​i¯−Ri​i¯≥−C4.8​(1+φi​i¯)1+φα​α¯+|φα​β¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+Fi​i¯−C4.8≥−C4.9​(n+Δ​φ)n+|φα​β¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)+Fi​i¯−C4.8.\begin{split}\Delta_{\varphi}(n+\Delta\varphi)&=\frac{R_{i\bar{i}\alpha\bar{\alpha}}(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})}{1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}}}+\frac{|\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\beta}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+F_{i\bar{i}}-R_{i\bar{i}}\\ &\geq\frac{-C_{4.8}(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})}{1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}}}+\frac{|\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\beta}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+F_{i\bar{i}}-C_{4.8}\\ &\geq-C_{4.9}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{n}+\frac{|\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\beta}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}+F_{i\bar{i}}-C_{4.8}.\end{split}

Let K>0K>0 be a constant, we combine (4.11), (4.12), and conclude:

(4.13) Δφ​(e12​FCLOSEOPEN|∇φF|φ2+K⁡(n+Δ​φ))≥−C4.7​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​|∇φF|φ2+(K−C4.7)​|φα​β¯​i|2(1+φα​α¯)​(1+φβ​β¯)−C4.7​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3−K​C4.9​(n+Δ​φ)n+K​Fi​i¯−K​C4.8+1C4.7​|Fi​α¯|2(1+φi​i¯)​(1+φα​α¯).\begin{split}\Delta_{\varphi}(e^{\frac{1}{2}F}&|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+K(n+\Delta\varphi))\geq-C_{4.7}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+(K-C_{4.7})\frac{|\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\beta}i}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})(1+\varphi_{\beta\bar{\beta}})}\\ &-C_{4.7}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}-KC_{4.9}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{n}+KF_{i\bar{i}}-KC_{4.8}+\frac{1}{C_{4.7}}\frac{|F_{i\bar{\alpha}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})(1+\varphi_{\alpha\bar{\alpha}})}.\end{split}

First we choose K=C4.7+1K=C_{4.7}+1, and calculate:

(4.14) |K​Fi​i¯|≤12​C4.7​|Fi​i¯|2(1+φi​i¯)2+K2​C4.72​(1+φi​i¯)2≤12​C4.7​|Fi​i¯|2(1+φi​i¯)2+n​K2​C4.72​(n+Δ​φ)2.|KF_{i\bar{i}}|\leq\frac{1}{2C_{4.7}}\frac{|F_{i\bar{i}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{2}}+\frac{K^{2}C_{4.7}}{2}(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{2}\leq\frac{1}{2C_{4.7}}\frac{|F_{i\bar{i}}|^{2}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{2}}+\frac{nK^{2}C_{4.7}}{2}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{2}.

Hence there exists a constant C4.91C_{4.91}, with the same dependence as said above, such that

(4.15) Δφ(e12​F​|∇φF|φ2+K⁡(n+Δ​φ))≥−C4.91​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​|∇φF|φ2−C4.91​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3≥−C4.91​e−12​F​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​(e12​F​|∇φF|φ2+K⁡(n+Δ​φ))−C4.91​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3.\begin{split}\Delta_{\varphi}&(e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+K(n+\Delta\varphi))\geq-C_{4.91}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}-C_{4.91}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}\\ &\geq-C_{4.91}e^{-\frac{1}{2}F}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}(e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+K(n+\Delta\varphi))-C_{4.91}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}.\end{split}

Set

u=e12​F​|∇φF|φ2+K⁡(n+Δ​φ),u=e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+K(n+\Delta\varphi),

we obtain the key estimate from here:

(4.16) Δφ​u≥−C4.92​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​u−C4.92​(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3.\Delta_{\varphi}u\geq-C_{4.92}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u-C_{4.92}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}.

Next we plan to do iteration, using (4.16). Notice that for any p>0p>0:

(4.17) 12​p+1​Δφ​(u2​p+1)=u2​p​Δφ​u+2​p​u2​p−1​|∇φu|φ2.{1\over{2p+1}}\Delta_{\varphi}(u^{2p+1})=u^{2p}\Delta_{\varphi}u+2pu^{2p-1}|\nabla_{\varphi}u|_{\varphi}^{2}.

Integrate over MM, we obtain:

(4.18) ∫M2pu2​p−1|∇φu|φ2dvolφ=−∫Mu2​pΔφudvolφ.\int_{M}2pu^{2p-1}|\nabla_{\varphi}u|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{\varphi}=-\int_{M}u^{2p}\Delta_{\varphi}udvol_{\varphi}.

Plug in the key estimate (4.16), we get:

(4.19) ∫M2​p​u2​p−1​|∇φu|φ2​𝑑v​o​lφ≤C4.92​∫M(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​u2​p+1​𝑑v​o​lφ+C4.92∫M(n+Δφ)3​n−3u2​pdvolφ.\begin{split}\int_{M}2pu^{2p-1}|\nabla_{\varphi}u|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{\varphi}&\leq C_{4.92}\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u^{2p+1}dvol_{\varphi}\\ &+C_{4.92}\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u^{2p}dvol_{\varphi}.\end{split}

Or equivalently:

(4.20) ∫M|∇φ(up+12)|φ2​𝑑v​o​lφ≤C4.92​(p+12)22​p​∫M(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​(u2​p+1+u2​p)​𝑑v​o​lφ.\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}(u^{p+\frac{1}{2}})|^{2}_{\varphi}dvol_{\varphi}\leq\frac{C_{4.92}(p+\frac{1}{2})^{2}}{2p}\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}(u^{2p+1}+u^{2p})dvol_{\varphi}.

Observe that u≥K⁡(n+Δ​φ)≥eFnu\geq K(n+\Delta\varphi)\geq e^{\frac{F}{n}}, u2​p≤u2​p+1​e−Fn≤C⋅u2​p+1u^{2p}\leq u^{2p+1}e^{-\frac{F}{n}}\leq C\cdot u^{2p+1}. Hence for some constant C3.91C_{3.91}, we have

(4.21) ∫M|∇φ(up+12)|φ2​𝑑v​o​lφ≤C4.93​(p+12)22​p​∫M(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​u2​p+1​𝑑v​o​lφ.\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}(u^{p+\frac{1}{2}})|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{\varphi}\leq\frac{C_{4.93}(p+\frac{1}{2})^{2}}{2p}\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u^{2p+1}dvol_{\varphi}.

Since d​v​o​lφ=eF​d​v​o​lgdvol_{\varphi}=e^{F}dvol_{g}, and FF is bounded, we see

(4.22) ∫M|∇φ(up+12)|φ2​𝑑v​o​lg≤C4.94​(p+12)22​p​∫M(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​u2​p+1​𝑑v​o​lg.\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}(u^{p+\frac{1}{2}})|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{g}\leq\frac{C_{4.94}(p+\frac{1}{2})^{2}}{2p}\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u^{2p+1}dvol_{g}.

Fix ε∈(0,2)\varepsilon\in(0,2) to be determined, we estimate the right hand side of (4.22):

(4.23) ∫M(n+Δ​φ)3​n−3​u2​p+1​𝑑v​o​lg≤(∫Mu(p+12)​(2+ε)​𝑑v​o​lg)22+ε​(∫M(n+Δ​φ)(3​n−3)​(2+ε)ε)ε2+ε.\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{3n-3}u^{2p+1}dvol_{g}\leq\bigg(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2+\varepsilon)}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{2}{2+\varepsilon}}\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{(3n-3)(2+\varepsilon)}{\varepsilon}}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2+\varepsilon}}.

Denote v=up+12v=u^{p+\frac{1}{2}}, then (4.22) now becomes:

(4.24) ∫M|∇φv|φ2​𝑑v​o​lg≤C4.94​(p+12)22​p​(∫M(n+Δ​φ)(3​n−3)​(2+ε)ε)ε2+ε⋅(∫Mv2+ε​𝑑v​o​lg)22+ε.\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}v|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{g}\leq\frac{C_{4.94}(p+\frac{1}{2})^{2}}{2p}\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{(3n-3)(2+\varepsilon)}{\varepsilon}}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2+\varepsilon}}\cdot\bigg(\int_{M}v^{2+\varepsilon}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{2}{2+\varepsilon}}.

We estimate the left hand side of (4.24) from below:

(4.25) |∇v|2−ε≤∑i|vi|2−ε=∑i|vi|2−ε(1+φi​i¯)2−ε2⋅(1+φi​i¯)2−ε2≤(∑i|vi|21+φi​i¯)2−ε2​(∑i(1+φi​i¯)2−εε)ε2≤|∇φv|φ2−ε​nε2​(n+Δ​φ)2−ε2.\begin{split}|\nabla v|^{2-\varepsilon}&\leq\sum_{i}|v_{i}|^{2-\varepsilon}=\sum_{i}\frac{|v_{i}|^{2-\varepsilon}}{(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}}\cdot(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}\\ &\leq\bigg(\sum_{i}\frac{|v_{i}|^{2}}{1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}}}\bigg)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}(\sum_{i}(1+\varphi_{i\bar{i}})^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2}}\leq|\nabla_{\varphi}v|_{\varphi}^{2-\varepsilon}n^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2}}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}.\end{split}

Integrate and use Holder inequality, we get:

(4.26) ∫M|∇v|2−ε​𝑑v​o​lg≤nε2​∫M|∇φv|φ2−ε​(n+Δ​φ)2−ε2​𝑑v​o​lg≤nε2​(∫M|∇φv|φ2)2−ε2​(∫M(n+Δ​φ)2−εε​dv​o​lg)ε2.\begin{split}\int_{M}&|\nabla v|^{2-\varepsilon}dvol_{g}\leq n^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2}}\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}v|_{\varphi}^{2-\varepsilon}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}dvol_{g}\\ &\leq n^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2}}\bigg(\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}v|_{\varphi}^{2}\bigg)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{2}}\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2}}.\end{split}

Therefore, for p≥12p\geq\frac{1}{2}, we may apply (4.24) to get:

(4.27) (∫M|∇v|2−ε​𝑑v​o​lg)22−ε≤nε2−ε​(∫M(n+Δ​φ)2−εε​𝑑v​o​lg)ε2−ε​∫M|∇φv|φ2​𝑑v​o​lg≤C4.95​p​Kε​(∫Mv2+ε​dv​o​lg)22+ε.\begin{split}\bigg(\int_{M}|\nabla v|^{2-\varepsilon}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{2}{2-\varepsilon}}&\leq n^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2-\varepsilon}}\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2-\varepsilon}}\int_{M}|\nabla_{\varphi}v|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{g}\\ &\leq C_{4.95}pK_{\varepsilon}\bigg(\int_{M}v^{2+\varepsilon}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{2}{2+\varepsilon}}.\end{split}

Here

(4.28) Kε=nε2−ε⋅(∫M(n+Δ​φ)2−εε​𝑑v​o​lg)ε2−ε⋅(∫M(n+Δ​φ)(3​n−3)​(2+ε)ε)ε2+ε.K_{\varepsilon}=n^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2-\varepsilon}}\cdot\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{2-\varepsilon}{\varepsilon}}dvol_{g}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2-\varepsilon}}\cdot\bigg(\int_{M}(n+\Delta\varphi)^{\frac{(3n-3)(2+\varepsilon)}{\varepsilon}}\bigg)^{\frac{\varepsilon}{2+\varepsilon}}.

Apply the Sobolev embedding with exponent 2−ε2-\varepsilon, and denote θ=2​n​(2−ε)2​n−2+ε\theta=\frac{2n(2-\varepsilon)}{2n-2+\varepsilon} to be the improved integrability, we get

‖v‖Lθ​(d​v​o​lg)≤Cs​o​b​(‖∇v‖L2−ε​(d​v​o​lg)+‖v‖L2−ε​(d​v​o​lg)).||v||_{L^{\theta}(dvol_{g})}\leq C_{sob}(||\nabla v||_{L^{2-\varepsilon}(dvol_{g})}+||v||_{L^{2-\varepsilon}(dvol_{g})}).

Recall that v=up+12v=u^{p+\frac{1}{2}}, this means:

(4.29) (∫Mu(p+12)​θ​𝑑v​o​lgCLOSEOPEN)2θ≤Cs​o​b​((∫M|∇(up+12)|2−ε​𝑑v​o​lg)22−ε+(∫Mu(p+12)​(2−ε)​𝑑v​o​lg)22−ε)≤Cs​o​b​(C4.95​p​Kε​(∫Mu(p+12)​(2+ε)​𝑑v​o​lg)22+ε+(∫Mu(p+12)​(2−ε)​𝑑v​o​lg)22−ε)≤C4.96,ε​p​(∫Mu(p+12)​(2+ε)​dv​o​lg)22+ε.\begin{split}\bigg(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})\theta}dvol_{g}&\bigg)^{\frac{2}{\theta}}\leq C_{sob}\bigg(\big(\int_{M}|\nabla(u^{p+\frac{1}{2}})|^{2-\varepsilon}dvol_{g}\big)^{\frac{2}{2-\varepsilon}}+\big(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2-\varepsilon)}dvol_{g}\big)^{\frac{2}{2-\varepsilon}}\bigg)\\ &\leq C_{sob}\bigg(C_{4.95}pK_{\varepsilon}\big(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2+\varepsilon)}dvol_{g}\big)^{\frac{2}{2+\varepsilon}}+\big(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2-\varepsilon)}dvol_{g}\big)^{\frac{2}{2-\varepsilon}}\bigg)\\ &\leq C_{4.96,\varepsilon}p\big(\int_{M}u^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2+\varepsilon)}dvol_{g}\big)^{\frac{2}{2+\varepsilon}}.\end{split}

Here C4.96,εC_{4.96,\varepsilon} has the same dependence as CiC_{i}’s above, but with additional dependence on ε\varepsilon. From the 1st line to 2nd line, we used (4.27). Now choose ε>0\varepsilon>0 small so that θ>2+ε\theta>2+\varepsilon, then above estimate indeed improves integrability, namely we need

(4.30) 2​n​(2−ε)2​n−2+ε>2+ε.\frac{2n(2-\varepsilon)}{2n-2+\varepsilon}>2+\varepsilon.

We fix ε\varepsilon and (4.29) gives for p≥12p\geq\frac{1}{2}:

(4.31) ‖u‖L(p+12)​θ≤(C4.97​p)1p+12​‖u‖L(p+12)​(2+ε).||u||_{L^{(p+\frac{1}{2})\theta}}\leq\big(C_{4.97}p\big)^{\frac{1}{p+\frac{1}{2}}}||u||_{L^{(p+\frac{1}{2})(2+\varepsilon)}}.

Denote χ=θ2+ε>1\chi=\frac{\theta}{2+\varepsilon}>1, and choose p+12=χip+\frac{1}{2}=\chi^{i}, for i≥0i\geq 0. Then we obtain:

(4.32) ‖u‖L(2+ε)​χi+1≤(C4.97​χi)1χi​‖u‖L(2+ε)​χi.||u||_{L^{(2+\varepsilon)\chi^{i+1}}}\leq\big(C_{4.97}\chi^{i}\big)^{\frac{1}{\chi^{i}}}||u||_{L^{(2+\varepsilon)\chi^{i}}}.

It follows that

(4.33) ‖u‖L∞≤C4.97∑i≥01χi⋅χ∑i≥0iχi​‖u‖L2+ε≤C4.97∑i≥01χi⋅χ∑i≥0iχi​‖u‖L112+ε​‖u‖L∞1+ε2+ε.||u||_{L^{\infty}}\leq C_{4.97}^{\sum_{i\geq 0}\frac{1}{\chi^{i}}}\cdot\chi^{\sum_{i\geq 0}\frac{i}{\chi^{i}}}||u||_{L^{2+\varepsilon}}\leq C_{4.97}^{\sum_{i\geq 0}\frac{1}{\chi^{i}}}\cdot\chi^{\sum_{i\geq 0}\frac{i}{\chi^{i}}}||u||_{L^{1}}^{\frac{1}{2+\varepsilon}}||u||_{L^{\infty}}^{\frac{1+\varepsilon}{2+\varepsilon}}.

From above we get estimate of ‖u‖L∞||u||_{L^{\infty}} in terms of ‖u‖L1||u||_{L^{1}}. But recall u=e12​F​|∇φF|2+K⁡(n+Δ​φ)u=e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|^{2}+K(n+\Delta\varphi), so L1L^{1} estimate is available.

Indeed, it is clear that n+Δ​φ∈L1n+\Delta\varphi\in L^{1}. To see e12​F​|∇φF|φ2∈L1e^{\frac{1}{2}F}|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}\in L^{1}, we just need to show |∇φF|φ2∈L1|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}\in L^{1} since FF is now assumed to be bounded. Then we can calculate:

(4.34) Δφ​(F2)=2​|∇φF|φ2+2​F​Δφ​F=2​|∇φF|φ2+2​F​(−R¯+t​rφ​R​i​c).\Delta_{\varphi}(F^{2})=2|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+2F\Delta_{\varphi}F=2|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}+2F(-\underline{R}+tr_{\varphi}Ric).

Integrate with respect to d​v​o​lφ=eF​d​v​o​lgdvol_{\varphi}=e^{F}dvol_{g}, we see

(4.35) ∫MeF|∇φF|φ2​𝑑v​o​lg=∫MeF​F​(R¯−t​rφ​R​i​c)​𝑑v​o​lg≤C4.98​∫M(1+t​rφ​g)​𝑑v​o​lg≤C3.96​(n+1)​v​o​l​(M).\begin{split}\int_{M}e^{F}&|\nabla_{\varphi}F|_{\varphi}^{2}dvol_{g}=\int_{M}e^{F}F(\underline{R}-tr_{\varphi}Ric)dvol_{g}\leq C_{4.98}\int_{M}(1+tr_{\varphi}g)dvol_{g}\\ &\leq C_{3.96}(n+1)vol(M).\end{split}

Here C4.98C_{4.98} may depend on ‖F‖0||F||_{0}. To see the range of pnp_{n} asserted in the Remark 4.3, we notice the choice of ε=12​n\varepsilon=\frac{1}{2n} verifies the requirement in (4.30). With this choice, the highest power of n+Δ​φn+\Delta\varphi appearing in (4.28) is exactly (3​n−3)​(4​n+1)(3n-3)(4n+1). Once we have control over KεK_{\varepsilon}, the rest of the proof goes through. ∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.