ScalingStacks

Proof. [00F5]

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Proof.

First notice that

∫Xωt∧ω0n−1=αt⋅α0n−1≤C,\int_{X}\omega_{t}\wedge\omega_{0}^{n-1}=\alpha_{t}\cdot\alpha_{0}^{n-1}\leq C,

which gives a uniform L1L^{1} bound on ωt\omega_{t}. Up to covering XX by finitely many charts, we may assume that X=KX=K is a compact convex set in ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n}, and we will denote by gEg_{E} the Euclidean metric on KK. If x1,x2∈Kx_{1},x_{2}\in K, we denote by [x1,x2][x_{1},x_{2}] the segment joining them in KK, and we compute the average of the length square of [x1,x2][x_{1},x_{2}] with respect to ωt\omega_{t}, when the endpoints vary. Using Fubini’s Theorem and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality we get

(3.1) ∫K×K(∫01ωt​((1−t)​x1+t​x2)​(x2−x1)​dt)2​d​x1​d​x2≤‖x2−x1‖gE2​∫01∫K×K|ωt​((1−t)​x1+t​x2)|​d​x1​d​x2​𝑑t≤diamgE2​(K)​22​n​(∫012∫K×K|ωt​(y+t​x2)|​𝑑y​d​x2​𝑑tCLOSE+∫121∫K×K|ωt((1−t)x1+y)|dydx1dt)≤diamgE2​(K)​22​n​VolgE​(K)​‖ωt‖L1​(K)≤C1,\begin{split}&\int_{K\times K}\left(\int_{0}^{1}\sqrt{\omega_{t}((1-t)x_{1}+tx_{2})(x_{2}-x_{1})}dt\right)^{2}dx_{1}dx_{2}\\ &\leq\|x_{2}-x_{1}\|^{2}_{g_{E}}\int_{0}^{1}\int_{K\times K}|\omega_{t}((1-t)x_{1}+tx_{2})|dx_{1}dx_{2}dt\\ &\leq\mathrm{diam}_{g_{E}}^{2}(K)2^{2n}\biggl(\int_{0}^{\frac{1}{2}}\int_{K\times K}|\omega_{t}(y+tx_{2})|dydx_{2}dt\\ &+\int_{\frac{1}{2}}^{1}\int_{K\times K}|\omega_{t}((1-t)x_{1}+y)|dydx_{1}dt\biggr)\\ &\leq\mathrm{diam}_{g_{E}}^{2}(K)2^{2n}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K)\|\omega_{t}\|_{L^{1}(K)}\leq C_{1},\end{split}

where C1C_{1} is a uniform constant, we changed variable y=(1−t)​x1y=(1-t)x_{1} if t≤12t\leq\frac{1}{2} and y=t​x2y=tx_{2} when t≥12t\geq\frac{1}{2} and integrated first with respect to yy. Then the set SS of pairs (x1,x2)∈K×K(x_{1},x_{2})\in K\times K such that the length of [x1,x2][x_{1},x_{2}] with respect to ωt\omega_{t} is more than (C1/δ)1/2(C_{1}/\delta)^{1/2} has Euclidean measure less than or equal δ\delta: otherwise

∫K×K(∫01ωt​((1−t)​x1+t​x2)​(x2−x1)​dt)2​d​x1​d​x2≥∫S(∫01ωt​((1−t)​x1+t​x2)​(x2−x1)​dt)2​d​x1​d​x2≥C1δ​VolgE​(S)\begin{split}&\int_{K\times K}\left(\int_{0}^{1}\sqrt{\omega_{t}((1-t)x_{1}+tx_{2})(x_{2}-x_{1})}dt\right)^{2}dx_{1}dx_{2}\\ &\geq\int_{S}\left(\int_{0}^{1}\sqrt{\omega_{t}((1-t)x_{1}+tx_{2})(x_{2}-x_{1})}dt\right)^{2}dx_{1}dx_{2}\geq\frac{C_{1}}{\delta}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(S)\end{split}

which is more than C1C_{1}, and this contradicts (3.1). If x1∈Kx_{1}\in K we let S⁡(x1)S(x_{1}) to be the set of the x2∈Kx_{2}\in K such that (x1,x2)∈S(x_{1},x_{2})\in S, and we let QQ to be the set of the x1∈Kx_{1}\in K such that VolgE​(S⁡(x1))≥12​VolgE​(K)\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(S(x_{1}))\geq\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K) and RR to be the set of (x1,x2)∈S(x_{1},x_{2})\in S such that x1∈Qx_{1}\in Q. Then by Fubini’s Theorem

δ≥VolgE​(R)=∫Rd​x2​d​x1=∫Q(∫S⁡(x1)d​x2)​d​x1≥12​VolgE​(K)​VolgE​(Q),\delta\geq\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(R)=\int_{R}dx_{2}dx_{1}=\int_{Q}\left(\int_{S(x_{1})}dx_{2}\right)dx_{1}\geq\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K)\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(Q),

and so VolgE​(Q)≤2​δVolgE​(K).\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(Q)\leq\frac{2\delta}{\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K)}. We let Ut,δ=K\QU_{t,\delta}=K\backslash Q. Then Ut,δU_{t,\delta} is open and if x1,x2∈Ut,δx_{1},x_{2}\in U_{t,\delta} then VolgE​(S⁡(xi))<12​VolgE​(K)\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(S(x_{i}))<\frac{1}{2}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K), for i=1,2i=1,2. Hence VolgE​((K\S⁡(x1))∩(K\S⁡(x2)))>0\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}((K\backslash S(x_{1}))\cap(K\backslash S(x_{2})))>0 and so this set is nonempty. If yy belongs to it, then (x1,y)(x_{1},y) and (x2,y)(x_{2},y) are not in SS, which means that the lengths with respect to ωt\omega_{t} of the segments [x1,y][x_{1},y] and [y,x2][y,x_{2}] are both less than (C1/δ)1/2(C_{1}/\delta)^{1/2}. Concatenating these two segments we get a path from x1x_{1} to x2x_{2} with length less than 2​(C1/δ)1/22(C_{1}/\delta)^{1/2}. We also have that

Volω0​(Q)≤C2​VolgE​(Q)≤2​C2​δVolgE​(K).\mathrm{Vol}_{\omega_{0}}(Q)\leq C_{2}\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(Q)\leq\frac{2C_{2}\delta}{\mathrm{Vol}_{g_{E}}(K)}.

Up to adjusting the constants, this is what we want. ∎

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