6. Appendix: Regularization of qpsh functions [034I]
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6. Appendix: Regularization of qpsh functions
It is well-known that every psh function can be locally regularized, i.e. one can find locally a sequence of smooth psh functions which decrease towards (see e.g. [15], chapter 1). Similarly one can always locally regularize -psh functions. It is interesting to know whether one can also globally regularize -psh functions.
When is a complex homogeneous manifold (i.e. when acts transitively on ), it is possible to approximate any -psh function by a decreasing sequence of smooth -psh functions (see [21], [25]). In general however there is a loss of positivity: it will be possible to approximate by a decreasing sequence of smooth functions but the curvature forms will have to be more negative than . How negative depends on the positivity of the cohomology class .
Consider e.g. the blow up of at point , the exceptional divisor and let be the current of integration along . Then (see Remark 1.5) so every psh function has logarithmic singularities along , hence is not smooth. Alternatively has self-intersection so its cohomology class cannot be represented by smooth non-negative forms, not even by smooth forms with (very) small negativity.
Following Demailly’s fundamental work [10], [12], [16] (to cite a few) we show herebelow that regularization with no loss of positivity is possible when is a Hodge form (i.e. a Kähler form with integer class). This yields a ”simple” regularization process when is projective. We would like to mention that Demailly has produced over the last twenty years much finer regularization results. We nevertheless think it is worth including a proof, since it is far less technical than Demailly’s more general results (although our proof heavily relies on his ideas). We thank P.Eyssidieux for his helpful contribution regarding that matter.
Theorem 6.1.
Let be a positive holomorphic line bundle equipped with a smooth strictly positive metric , and set .
Then for every , there exists a sequence such that decreases towards .
Proof.
Let . We can assume w.l.o.g. that on . Let denote the associated (singular) positive metric of on , where denotes an open cover of trivializing (see section 4).
Step 1. We consider the following Bergman spaces
where , a fixed large integer (to be specified later). Let be an orthonormal basis of and set
where denotes the unit ball of radius 1 centered at 0 in . Clearly defines a positive (singular) metric of on , equivalently . If and , then is subharmonic in hence
where is so small that . We infer
| (3) |
There is also a reverse inequality which uses a deep extension result of Ohsawa-Takegoshi-Manivel (see [14]): there exists and large enough so that , there exists with
Choose so that the right hand side is equal to , hence . Then
We infer
| (4) |
since on . It follows from (3) and (4) that in .
Step 2. We now show, following [16] that is almost subadditive. Let with
We may view as the restriction to the diagonal of of a section , where and denotes the projection onto the factor, . Consider the Bergman spaces
where . It follows from the Ohsawa-Takegoshi-Manivel -extension theorem [15] that there exists such that and
where only depends on the dimension . Observe that forms an orthonormal basis of , thus
with . It follows therefore from Cauchy-Schwarz inequality that
which yields
Note finally that since , therefore is decreasing.
Step3. It remains to make smooth. Indeed it has all the other required properties: it is decreasing and by Step 1 we have for all ,
| (5) |
so that . Let be such that is a basis of and set
Clearly . Moreover because is very ample if is large enough (hence we can find, for every , a holomorphic section of on which does not vanish at ). Finally we can choose that decrease so fast to zero that is still decreasing and converges to . ∎
Corollary 6.2.
Let be a Kähler form on a projective algebraic manifold X. Then there exists such that for every , we can find which decrease towards .
Proof.
Let . Since is projective, we can find a Hodge form . Then for some constant . Since , it follows from the previous theorem that we can find that decrease towards . Now the result follows from with . ∎
Remark 6.3.
When is merely Kähler, the above result still holds but the proof is far more intricate. We refer the reader to Demailly’s papers for a proof.