ScalingStacks

Example 1.8 . [032Q]

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Example 1.8.

It was part of our definition 1.1 that ω\omega-psh functions are integrable with respect to a fixed volume form. Therefore P​S​H​(X,ω)⊂L1​(μ)PSH(X,\omega)\subset L^{1}(\mu) for every smooth probability measure μ\mu on XX. More generally if μ\mu is a probability measure on XX such that

(1) μ=Θ+d​dc​(S),\mu=\Theta+dd^{c}(S),

where Θ\Theta is smooth and SS is a positive current of bidimension (1,1)(1,1) on XX, then P​S​H​(X,ω)⊂L1​(μ)PSH(X,\omega)\subset L^{1}(\mu) for any smooth ω\omega. Indeed let φ\varphi in P​S​H​(X,ω)PSH(X,\omega), φ≤0\varphi\leq 0. If φ\varphi is smooth, it follows from Stokes theorem that

0≤∫X(−φ)​𝑑μ\displaystyle 0\leq\int_{X}(-\varphi)d\mu =\displaystyle= ∫X(−φ)​Θ+∫X(−φ)​d​dc​S\displaystyle\int_{X}(-\varphi)\Theta+\int_{X}(-\varphi)dd^{c}S
≤\displaystyle\leq CΘ​‖φ‖L1+∫XS∧(−d​dc​φ)\displaystyle C_{\Theta}||\varphi||_{L^{1}}+\int_{X}S\wedge(-dd^{c}\varphi)
≤\displaystyle\leq CΘ​‖φ‖L1+∫XS∧ω<+∞,\displaystyle C_{\Theta}||\varphi||_{L^{1}}+\int_{X}S\wedge\omega<+\infty,

where the last inequality follows from S≥0S\geq 0 and −d​dc​φ≤ω-dd^{c}\varphi\leq\omega. The general case follows by regularizing φ\varphi (see Appendix).

Probability measures satisfying (1)(1) naturally arise in complex dynamics (see [23]). Observe also that Monge-Ampère measures arising from the local theory of Bedford and Taylor [5] do satisfy (1)(1): if uu is psh and locally bounded near e.g. the unit ball BB of ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n}, we can extend it to ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n} as a global psh function with logarithmic growth considering

U⁡(z):={u⁡(z) if ​z∈Bmax⁡(u⁡(z),A​log+​|z|−supB|u|−1) if ​z∈(1+ε)​B∖BA​log+​|z|−supB|u|−1 if ​z∈ℂn∖(1+ε)​BU(z):=\left\{\begin{array}[]{rl}u(z)&\text{ if }z\in B\\ \max(u(z),A\log^{+}|z|-\sup_{B}|u|-1)&\text{ if }z\in(1+\varepsilon)B\setminus B\\ A\log^{+}|z|-\sup_{B}|u|-1&\text{ if }z\in\mathbb{C}^{n}\setminus(1+\varepsilon)B\end{array}\right.

where log+⁡|z|:=max⁡(log⁡|z|,0)\log^{+}|z|:=\max(\log|z|,0) and with AA large enough. We assume A=1A=1 for simplicity. Now φ:=U−12​log⁡[1+|z|2]+C\varphi:=U-\frac{1}{2}\log[1+|z|^{2}]+C extends as a bounded function in P​S​H​(ℂ​ℙn,ω)PSH(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{n},\omega), where ω\omega is the Fubini-Study Kähler form on ℂ​ℙn\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{n}, so φ≥0\varphi\geq 0 if C>0C>0 is large enough. To conclude note that, setting ωφ:=ω+d​dc​φ≥0\omega_{\varphi}:=\omega+dd^{c}\varphi\geq 0, we get ωφn=(d​dc​u)n\omega_{\varphi}^{n}=(dd^{c}u)^{n} in BB and

ωφn=ωn+d​dc​S, where ​S=φ​∑j=0n−1ωφj∧ωn−1−j≥0.\omega_{\varphi}^{n}=\omega^{n}+dd^{c}S,\text{ where }S=\varphi\sum_{j=0}^{n-1}\omega_{\varphi}^{j}\wedge\omega^{n-1-j}\geq 0.

The Monge-Ampère operator ωφn\omega_{\varphi}^{n} will be defined in the next section.

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